The Pittsburgh Press (July 23, 1943)
Capital of Sicily seized in lightning Yank attack
Capture of Palermo, city of 434,000, cuts island in half
By Virgil Pinkley, United Press staff writer
Allied HQ, North Africa –
A lightning thrust to the north coast by the U.S. 7th Army captured intact Palermo, capital of Sicily, cut the island in two and swept disorganized Axis forces back today toward the northeastern tip of the island, flanked by Mt. Etna.
With four-fifths of Sicily already in Allied hands, the speed of the advance by Americans and Canadians on the central and western fronts was so swift that the Italians had no time to destroy any of the military and naval installations at the great port of Palermo, which may soon be used for blows aimed at the Italian mainland.
The Americans, who also captured Mezzojuso, 20 miles southeast of Palermo, in their drive against the north coast, knocked out 14 big Tiger tanks and boosted their total of prisoners well above 27,000 out of probably 45,000 captured in all (London estimated that 60,000-70,000 prisoners had now been taken in Sicily). Many thousands of enemy troops were believed cut off in western Sicily.
For all practical purposes the main struggle in western and central Sicily appeared to be ended, although the enemy is expected to out up strong rearguard resistance at key points and the battle for Catania continued without a decision on the east coast south of Mt. Etna.
The American column advancing through Mezzojuso was only 12 miles from the north coast and the next main objective in squeezing shut the Allied clamp on the northern communications line was presumably Termini Imerese, 21 miles east of Palermo.
On the eastern sector, the Canadians were meeting stiff opposition from the Nazi 15th Panzer Division which was shifted to a line running from Catania south of Mt. Etna to the northern coast, where the main Axis stand is expected.
The German news agency DNB said that the British launched a major attack on this line at the edge of the mountains west of the Catania plain, presumably near the important Gerbini Air Base, and had temporarily broken through. Later, it added, a German counterattack inflicted casualties on the British, and destroyed 13 tanks, making a total of more than 300 Allied tanks destroyed in Sicily.
The battle positions in the east were not entirely clear but it appeared that the British and probably the Canadians were bypassing Catania in an effort to strike at the Paternò-Adrano sector, at the base of Mt. Etna, before the Axis became strongly established there.
There was little change in the front at Catania, although the British 8th Army under Gen. Sir Bernard L. Montgomery was reported still making slow progress there.
Army dispatches said that the Italian land forces at Palermo complained that the Italian Navy had failed to assist them. They said they had seen the Navy only when an Italian boat put into the harbor to evacuate high Fascist officials.
The 7th Army under Lt. Gen. George S. Patton Jr. had captured 250 guns, 500 vehicles and 10 million rounds of ammunition in their advance on Palermo, where they cut off more than 2,000 square miles of territory containing many important air and sea bases.
London sources said the Allies were apparently attempting to outflank the rugged Mt., Etna defenses as rapidly as possible to prevent the enemy from getting set on new lines there.
The fall of Palermo, 200 miles from Naples and 280 miles from Rome, gave the Allies control of every principal port in Sicily except Catania and Messina on the east coast and every important airfield except the remaining cluster around Gerbini, west of Catania.
Though Trapani and Marsala on the west coast at last reports were still in Axis hands, their capture – if not already effected – was believed only a matter of hours.
The entire Italian 26th Division surrendered to the Americans, who, in their advance to the north coast of the island isolated enemy forces in territory containing many important air bases and ports, such as Castellammare, Trappeto and Terrasini.
Radio Algiers said the 12th Bersaglieri Regiment was among the Italian units surrendering to the U.S. 7th Army.
Only on the wide plain before Catania on the east coast was there any organized resistance. Thrown into confusion by the rapidity of the American thrusts, Italian and German troops to the west were retreating in disorder.
A front dispatch from Ned Russell, representing the combined U.S. press, said that bloody fighting along the 20-mile front below Catania had subsided temporarily out of the sheer exhaustion of the opposing armies.
U.S. armored units entered Palermo, whose population of 434,000 makes it the sixth largest city in the Italian Empire, Wednesday and occupation was completed at 10 a.m. yesterday – only 13 days after Allied forces first swarmed ashore on the southern beaches of the island.
The fully-equipped Italian garrison offered virtually no resistance even though the Axis had built some of Sicily’s best defenses around Palermo in the belief that it would be the first objective of any invasion army.
The Allies can quickly convert the port into a major naval base for operations in the Tyrrhenian Sea and possibly against the Italian mainland.
The desperate German stand just south of Catania was obviously designed to cover the retreat of other forces on the island in the northeastern corner for a final delaying stand and perhaps an attempted “Dunkirk” retreat across the two-mile-wide Messina Strait to the Italian mainland.
Radio Algiers said that Catania was under attack from the north, as well as from the west and south, but this was not confirmed.
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower’s communiqué reported:
Fierce fighting continued south of Catania.
Adm. Prieto Leonard, Italian naval commander who was in charge at Augusta, has been captured, it was announced.
Mr. Russell’s dispatch from the Catania front said that a small 8th Army formation which had driven across the plain to an area just below the foothills 43.5 miles southwest of Catania had been pulled back to a position protecting the westernmost British bridgehead across the Simeto River.
Further west, Mr. Russell said, Canadian troops advanced under a scorching sun, though their drive was hampered by German demolitions of strategic bridges and roads and by the generally rugged terrain.
Gen. Eisenhower’s communiqué said the Canadians were making “steady progress against fierce resistance.”