June 1944
9 June
Japanese base at Fangelawa Bay, New Ireland, was bombarded by Pacific Fleet destroyers.
10 June
Aircraft of a fast carrier task force struck at enemy airpower on Saipan, Tinian, Rota, Pagan and Guam in the Marianas. Installations, positions and parked aircraft were bombed and strafed. Approximately 150 enemy aircraft were destroyed, about three‑fourths of them in the air. Our losses: 11 aircraft.
11 June
Japanese convoy of about 20 vessels fleeing the Marianas was attacked by our carrier aircraft west of Pagan. Most of the ships were sunk or heavily damaged. Another enemy convoy consisting of 6 vessels was similarly attacked west of Guam, and damaged. Other shipping in the Marianas area was attacked by our aircraft. Ground installations on Saipan, Tinian, Rota, Pagan and Guam were bombed and strafed.
12 June
Attacks by carrier aircraft on the Marianas were continued. Battleships conducted a day‑long bombardment of Saipan. Night of 12‑13 June: Destroyers bombarded Saipan and Tinian.
13 June
Carrier airstrikes on the Marianas were continued. Battleships bombarded Saipan and Tinian. Pacific Fleet cruisers, destroyers and aircraft attacked enemy installations on Matsuwa Island in the Kurils.
14 June
Covered by heavy air and surface bombardment, our troops went ashore at Saipan, main Japanese base in the Marianas and headquarters of the Japanese Commander-in-Chief, Central Pacific Area. Vigorous opposition had developed. Fighting on Saipan ranked with the severest in the Pacific war, but its seizure constituted a major breach in the Japanese line of inner defenses. The expeditionary force included the 2nd and 4th Marine Divisions and the 27th Infantry Division, United States Army. The Saipan operation, like the other invasions in the Marianas, was under the general direction of ADM Raymond A. Spruance, USN, Commander, Fifth Fleet, with VADM Richmond K. Turner, USN, in charge of the expeditionary forces. (Saipan is 3,300 miles from Pearl Harbor, 1,000 miles from Eniwetok and 1,260 miles from Tokyo.)
During the evening, Japanese aircraft attacked our ships in the Saipan area. 15 aircraft were shot down.
Iwo Jima in the Volcano Islands and Chichijima and Hahajima in the Bonins were attacked by our carrier aircraft. Installations were bombed and strafed. Jap losses: 39 aircraft shot down, 25 destroyed on the ground. Two freighters were sunk, several heavily damaged. Our losses: 8 aircraft. This was our first carrier strike on the Volcanos and Bonins.
15 June
Installations on Iwo Jima were bombed and strafed by our carrier aircraft. There was no airborne opposition but anti-aircraft fire was heavy. We lost 3 aircraft. Carrier strikes continued on the Marianas area. China‑based B‑29s bombed Yawata, steel center on northern Kyushu, in Japan. This was the first attack by land‑based aircraft on the main Japanese Islands, and the first time B‑29 bombers were used in an offensive invasion. VADM J. H. Newton, USN, relieved ADM William F. Halsey, USN, as Commander South Pacific Area and South Pacific Force. ADM Halsey remained Commander 3rd Fleet.
16 June
Carrier aircraft continued to bomb enemy installations in the Marianas in support of our expanding beachhead.
17 June
U.S. forces on Saipan captured Aslito (later Iseley) Airfield.
18 June
Aircraft from Japanese carrier striking force attacked our sea forces covering the Saipan operation in the first stage of the Battle of the Philippine Sea. The enemy attack continued for several hours. The Japanese aircraft were intercepted and a high percentage of them shot down. Enemy losses for the day: 402 aircraft, all but 17 of which were destroyed in the air; two carriers damaged. Our losses: 17 aircraft and superficial damage to two carriers and a battleship.
19 June
Aircraft from our carriers attacked the Japanese carrier striking force, in the second stage of the Battle of the Philippine Sea. Jap losses: 1 aircraft carrier, 1 light aircraft carrier, 2 destroyers, 1 tanker sunk; 1 aircraft carrier, 1 destroyer and 1 tanker possibly sunk; 1 aircraft carrier, 1 or 2 light aircraft carriers, 1 battle ship, 2 heavy cruisers, 1 light cruiser, 1 destroyer and 3 tankers damaged. 26 Japanese aircraft were shot down. Our losses: 93 aircraft (many of the personnel were rescued from these planes, a large percentage of which had been forced to land on the water in the darkness that night).
From this date until 7 July, Guam and Rota were attacked each day by at least one strike from our carrier forces. On that day continued heavy surface bombardment – coordinated with the airstrikes – began.
20 June
Our fleet attempted to pursue and to contact the enemy fleet, which was in a full speed retreat. The enemy eluded our search.
22‑23 June
Installations on Pagan were bombed and strafed by our carrier aircraft.
23 June
Our carrier aircraft struck at Iwo Jima. Japanese losses: 68 aircraft near Iwo Jima, 46 in unsuccessful thrusts at our carriers‑total 114 aircraft lost in the air. Our losses: 5 aircraft.
25‑26 June
Kurabu Zaki, an important enemy base on Paramushiru in the Kurils, was bombarded at night by our cruisers and destroyers. Guam was bombarded by surface units.
30 June‑1 July
Guam again bombarded by surface units.
July 1944
1 July
Under cover of naval and air bombardment troops under command of Gen. MacArthur landed at Kamiri on Noemfoor Island, 100 miles west of Biak Island off Dutch New Guinea. Key Kamiri airfield was captured without much opposition 1 hour and 51 minutes aft the landing.
2‑3 July
Iwo Jima in the Volcano Islands and Hahajima the Bonins were heavily attacked by carrier aircraft. Bombs, machine guns and rockets were used. On the 3rd, Iwo Jima was shelled by surface units. Meanwhile, Iwo Jima was attacked by a fast carrier task group. In these strikes 9 ships were sunk, 8 damaged, together with a larger number of small craft. 26 Japanese aircraft were shot down and 128 were left inoperable on the ground. We lost 22 aircraft.
6 July
Several thousand Japanese troops launched a desperate counterattack on our forces at Saipan. Our casualties were severe, but the charge was thrown back with more than 1,500 enemy troops killed.
7 July
Guam was bombarded by surface units. From this time until the landing on the 20th, Guam was and constant surface bombardment, with coordinated strikes by our carrier aircraft. Continued attacks were also made on Rota.
8 July
Organized resistance ended on Saipan. This was one of the most significant victories won by U.S. forces in the Pacific. It led directly to the fall of the Tojo cabinet in Tokyo. Mopping up continued. Through 9 December, 26,571 Japanese had been killed and 2,099 captured on Saipan.
B‑29s based on the continent of Asia bombarded the Japanese naval base at Sasebo and the steel center of Yawata in Japan. This was the second B‑29 raid on the Japanese homeland, the first having occurred on 15 June.
12 July
2nd Marine Division landed on Maniagassa Island, 2 miles off the northwestern coast of Saipan.
13 July
Iwo Jima was bombed by aircraft of the Central Pacific shore‑based air forces. This was the first raid on the Nanpo Shoto by land‑based aircraft of the Pacific Ocean Areas.
15‑17 July
Guam was shelled at close range by battleships, cruisers and destroyers, in the heightening campaign to obliterate gun emplacements and other installations. Tinian was shelled during the night of the 15‑16th by destroyers.
20 July
Supported by carrier aircraft and heavy surface bombardment, our troops invaded Guam, largest and southernmost of the Marianas, establishing beachheads on both sides of Apra Harbor. The landing forces included the 3rd Marine Division, the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade and the 77th Infantry Division. There was little opposition to the landings themselves, but determined opposition developed inland. From this date until 7 August, our battleships, cruisers and destroyers furnished fire support to the troops ashore on Guam. Carrier aircraft also provided continued support.
21 July
Artillery and naval gunfire were directed against Tinian.
23 July
2nd and 4th Marine Divisions landed on Tinian supported by carrier and land-based aircraft and artillery and naval gunfire. Casualties in the landing forces were light. As at Guam, naval gunfire and carrier aircraft support was provided our troops on Tinian in the days following the assault.
24‑27 July
Carrier aircraft of a fast carrier task group attacked enemy installations in the Palau Islands. Also attacked were Yap, Ulithi, Fais, Ngulu and Soror in the western Carolines.
29 July
Tinian town was captured. Apra Harbor, site of former U.S. naval base on Guam, was again put into use by our ships.
29‑30 July
Supported by Allied naval and air forces, troops under Gen. MacArthur landed on the 29th on the islands of Amsterdam and Middleburg and at Cape Opmari, near Sansapor in northwestern Vogelkop, near the western tip of Netherlands New Guinea. These islands are nearly 200 miles beyond our base on Noemfoor Island and slightly more than 600 miles southeast of the Philippines. On the 30th, we landed at Cape Sansapor. There was little opposition to these landings. This move bypassed Manokwari, pivotal enemy base in the Vogelkop Peninsula, and effectively neutralized New Guinea as an enemy base of operations.
31 July
Organized resistance ceased on Tinian. Mopping up continued. Through 9 December, 6,932 Japanese had been killed, 321 taken prisoner on Tinian.
August 1944
2 August
American flag was formally raised on Tinian.
3 August
Air and surface units of a fast carrier task force virtually wiped out a Japanese convoy and raided airfields and installations in the Bonin and Volcano Islands (Mukojima, Chichijima, Hahajima, Anejima, Iwo Jima). Japanese losses were 11 ships sunk, 8 ships damaged; 6 aircraft shot down, 7 destroyed on the ground. We lost 16 planes.
9 August
Organized Japanese resistance ended on Guam. Mopping up continued. Through 9 December, 17,436 Japanese had been killed, and 512 captured on Guam.
30‑31 August & 1 September
Chichijima and Hahajima in the Bonins, and Iwo Jima in the Volcanos were bombed and strafed by aircraft of a fast carrier task force on 30th and the 1st, Chichijima and Hahajima were bombarded by cruisers and destroyers. Japanese losses were: 6 ships sunk, 4 ships probably sunk, 3 ships damaged; 11 aircraft shot down, 35 destroyed on ground. Installations, airfields and supply dumps were damaged. We lost 5 aircraft.
31 August
ADM Nimitz announced that Lt. Gen, Millard F. Harmon had assumed command of all Army Air Force units operating in the Pacific Ocean Areas.
September 1944
3 September
Cruisers and destroyers did extensive damage to enemy installations on Wake Island by surface bombardment. There was no air opposition.
5 September
Aircraft of a fast carrier task force group bombed Palau Islands. Installations were damaged. 17 small craft were left burning.
5‑7 September
Carrier aircraft bombed and strafed Yap and Ulithi in the western Carolines.
6 September
Enemy installations in the Palau Islands were shelled by cruisers and destroyers of the Pacific Fleet.
8 September
Carrier aircraft attacked Mindanao Island in the Philippines. 68 enemy aircraft were shot down, 32 loaded freighters in convoy were sunk by combined air and surface attack; 20 ships in Davao Gulf were damaged; 20 small craft were sunk, 17 damaged.
9 September
Carrier aircraft attacked Angaur, Peleliu and Koror Islands in the Palau Group, and bombed installations and shipping.
10‑11 September
Babelthuap, Peleliu and Angaur were attacked by carrier aircraft of the Pacific Fleet. On the 11th, these islands were bombarded by battleships.
11‑13 September
Carrier aircraft shot down 156 enemy aircraft and destroyed 277 on the ground in strikes at Leyte, Cebu, Negros and Panay Islands in the Visayas group, Philippines. 40 enemy ships were sunk, 44 damaged. Ground installations were damaged.
12 September
Carrier aircraft hit Angaur, Peleliu and Ngesebus in the Palau Islands.
14 September
Supported by fleet air and surface units the 1st Marine Division landed on Peleliu in the Palau Islands. The amphibious operations were commanded by VADM T. S. Wilkinson, USN, Commander, Third Amphibious Force. Expeditionary troops were commanded by Maj. Gen. Julian C. Smith, USMC Ground opposition was fairly stiff. The fast carrier task force supporting the operation was commanded by VADM Marc A. Mitscher, USN. At almost the same hour, our troops under command of Gen. MacArthur landed on Morotai in the Halmaheras. Opposition was negligible and an airfield was captured the first day.
15 September
Carrier aircraft bombed enemy positions and installations on Babelthuap and Peleliu in the Palau Islands.
16 September
The 81st Infantry Division, U.S. Army, invaded Angaur, southernmost of the Palau Islands, under cover of air and surface bombardment. Opposition was light. Military government was set up on Peleliu Island.
19 September
Organized resistance ceased on Angaur Island.
20‑21 September
Elements of the 81st Infantry Division, covered by ships of the Pacific Fleet, occupied Ulithi Atoll in the western Carolines. They were unopposed. The Pacific war came back, after 2½ years, to the Island of Luzon, with a smashing two‑day attack by carrier‑based aircraft of the Pacific Fleet. Japanese losses:
40 ships sunk.
11 ships probably sunk.
6 small craft sunk.
11 small craft damaged.
2 floating drydocks damaged.
169 aircraft shot down.
188 aircraft destroyed on the ground.
45 aircraft damaged on the ground.
3 aircraft damaged by ships gunfire.
Extensive, widespread damage to military targets.
Our losses: 11 aircraft.
28 September
Carrier planes of the Pacific Fleet struck at Cebu, Leyte, Negros, Luzon, and Nactan, in the Visayas Group of the Philippine Islands. Japanese losses were 22 ships sunk, 43 ships damaged, 20 to 30 small craft sunk or damaged; 7 aircraft shot down, 29 destroyed on the ground.
27 September
1st Marine Division landed on Ngesebus and Kongauru in the Palaus Islands, with the usual air and surface bombardment cover. Both islands were quickly secured.
30 September
Military government was proclaimed on Angaur. Military government was set up on Kongauru and Ngesebus Islands.
October 1944
8 October
Marcus Island was bombarded by surface units of the Pacific Fleet. Elements of the 81st Infantry Division landed on Garakayo in the southern Palau Islands. The island was secured the following day.
9 October
For the first time of the war, carrier aircraft of the Pacific Fleet attacked the Ryukyu Archipelago. The strikes were in great force. 46 enemy ships and 41 small craft were sunk. 20 ships were probably sunk; 20 ships damaged. 23 enemy aircraft were shot down, 59 destroyed on the ground; 37 were damaged on the ground. Ground installations were heavily damaged. Our losses: 8 aircraft.
10 October
Troops of the 81st Infantry Division landed on Bairakaseru Island, Palau. There was no opposition. Our carrier planes attacked Luzon Island in force.
12 October
Organized resistance on Peleliu ceased. Mopping up continued. Through 9 December, total Japanese casualties on Peleliu and Angaur were 13,354 killed, 433 taken prisoner.
11‑15 October
Aircraft of a fast carrier task force struck Formosa in force 11‑13 October. Air battles ensued which lasted until the 15th. Enemy losses were: 416 aircraft destroyed; 32 ships sunk, 13 probably sunk, 55 damaged. We lost 66 aircraft. Ground installations were extensively damaged. (Following our carrier attacks on Formosa and Luzon, Tokyo announced a great Japanese victory, claiming 11 U.S. carriers were sunk, 6 damaged; 2 battleships sunk, 1 damaged; 3 cruisers sunk, 4 damaged etc. These figures were raised in a broadcast of 25 November to the following: 50 carriers, 20 battleships, 2 battleships or cruisers, 30 cruisers, 16 cruisers or destroyers, 7 destroyers and 22 unidentified craft sunk or damaged. See entry for October 17 below).
13 October
Luzon was attacked by carrier aircraft. No airborne opposition.
15 October
Carrier aircraft struck again at Manila Bay area. Ngulu Atoll, in the western Carolines, was occupied. Resistance was slight.
16 October
Carrier aircraft attacked Manila area. Japanese losses were: 20 aircraft shot down, 30‑40 destroyed on the ground.
17-18 October
Carrier aircraft attacked northern Luzon and the Manila area. 56 enemy aircraft were destroyed; four ships were sunk, 23 damaged. Our losses were: 7 aircraft.
17 October
The Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas, announced that no U.S. battleship or aircraft carrier had been damaged in the Formosa and Luzon battles. Two medium sized ships had been damaged.
19 October
Carrier aircraft of a fast carrier task force bombed, rocketed and strafed targets in the Visayas Group, Philippine Islands. U.S. 6th Army, under command of Gen. MacArthur began landings on Leyte supported by the largest concentration of Allied forces yet assembled in the Pacific. This goaded the Japanese Navy to action. Three powerful enemy task forces converged on the landing beaches from the South China Sea and the Japanese home islands. Thus, the stage was set for the Second Battle of the Philippine Sea.
20 October
Carrier aircraft strafed and bombed enemy aircraft and shipping targets in the Philippine Islands.
22-27 October
SECOND BATTLE OF THE PHILIPPINE SEA. This was one of the decisive victories of the war in the Pacific. Enemy losses: 2 battleships, 4 carriers, 6 heavy cruisers, 3 light cruisers, 3 small cruisers or large destroyers, 6 destroyers. Severely damaged, may have sunk: 1 battleship, 5 cruisers, 7 destroyers. Damaged: 6 battleships, 4 heavy cruisers, 1 light cruiser, 10 destroyers. U.S. losses: Sunk: the light carrier PRINCETON (CVL-23); 2 escort carriers, the ST. LO (CVE-63) and the GAMBIER BAY (CVE-73); 2 destroyers, the JOHNSTON (DD-557) and the HOEL (DD-533); 1 destroyer escort, the SAMUEL B. ROBERTS (DE-413); and a few lesser craft. Our units involved were from the 3rd and 7th Fleets. In this battle the Japanese fleet was divided into three forces:
FORCE “A”: 5 battleships, 10 heavy cruisers, 1 light cruiser, 13‑15 destroyers. Two heavy cruisers were sunk west of Palawan on the 22nd as Force “A” proceeded north. A third, damaged, turned back. On the 23rd, Force “A” was attacked by our carrier aircraft in the Mindoro Straits. 1 light cruiser was sunk. 1 battleship and 1 light cruiser were heavily damaged and turned back. Several other ships were hit. This force continued through the San Bernardino Straits on the 24th, however, and on that date was met by escort carriers and other light units of the 7th Fleet east of Samar. Aircraft of the 3rd Fleet entered the engagement about noon. At least one enemy heavy cruiser was sunk, 1 destroyer left dead in the water. The entire Japanese force turned back. Later in the day the force again was attacked by our aircraft, and a damaged cruiser was sunk by our surface units. On the 25th, this fleeing force again was attacked by carrier aircraft and 1 heavy cruiser and 1 light cruiser were sunk and other vessels damaged.
FORCE “B”: 2 battleships, 2 heavy cruisers, 7 destroyers and possibly 2 light cruisers. This force was attacked in the Sulu Sea on the 23rd by our carrier aircraft, and damaged. As it passed through Surigao Straits (night of October 24‑‑25) it was attacked by our force and all units sunk or decisively defeated.
FORCE “C”: 1 carrier, 3 light carriers, 2 battleships with flight deck aft, 5 cruisers, 10 destroyers. This force, proceeding southward off the east coast of Luzon, was surprised by our 3rd Fleet carrier planes early on the 24th. All carriers were sunk. 1 battleship with a flight deck aft was damaged, 2 cruisers or destroyers sunk. 1 damaged cruiser was sunk during the next night by a U.S. submarine.
28 October
Carrier aircraft attacked southern Luzon and the Central Philippines. Enemy losses: 3 cargo vessels sunk, 1 cruiser probably sunk, 2 cruisers and 1 tanker damaged; 78 aircraft shot down, 12 destroyed on the ground.
November 1944
1 November
A carrier group of the 3rd Fleet was attacked in the Western Pacific by enemy aircraft. Damage was inflicted on several ships. Ten of the attacking aircraft were destroyed.
4 November
Carrier aircraft of the 3rd Fleet attacked Manila Harbor and five nearby airfields, 191 enemy aircraft were destroyed. Two enemy cruisers, 3 destroyers and several cargo ships were damaged.
5 November
Carrier aircraft of the 3rd Fleet continued attacks on Luzon. In addition to the enemy’s aircraft losses of 4 November, 249 aircraft were destroyed. 3 cargo vessels and an oiler were sunk. 6 other vessels were damaged. Ground installations were heavily damaged.
7-8 November
Approximately 200 Japanese landed on Ngeregong Island northeast of Peleliu where a small Marine patrol had previously landed. The Marines were evacuated without loss.
10 November
Iwo Jima was bombarded by ships of the Pacific Fleet. Carrier aircraft of the 3rd Fleet attacked a 10‑ship enemy convoy just outside Ormoc Bay, destroying 7 ships, probably sinking 2 others, and damaging the other ship. 15 enemy aircraft were downed. We lost 9 aircraft.
12 November
Carrier aircraft attacked shipping in Manila Bay. 1 light cruiser, 4 destroyers, 11 cargo ships and oilers were sunk. 28 enemy aircraft were downed, 130‑140 strafed on the ground.
14 November
Troops of the 81st Infantry Division reoccupied Ngeregong in the Palau Islands, which had been heavily attacked with bombs and gunfire. There was no resistance.
18 November
Aircraft from a carrier task force struck shipping and airfields in and around Manila. 10 ships were damaged, 1 sunk; 100 enemy aircraft were destroyed on the ground.
21 November
Matsuwa in the Kurils was bombarded by a naval task force. Shore batteries did not reply.
24 November
Carrier-based aircraft of the 3rd Fleet attacked Luzon. 18 vessels were sunk; 16 were damaged. 87 enemy aircraft were destroyed. In the first B-29 raid on Japan from our newly established super‑bomber base on Saipan, high explosives and incendiaries were poured on the Tokyo waterfront area and on the Musashina aircraft plant (Prior to this raid, B‑29s based in the India-China theater had attacked Japan six times, beginning with the first of such raids on 15 June 1944; and Maj. Gen. James H. Doolittle’s filers had struck Japan once with B‑26s taking off from the USS HORNET (CV-8), on 18 April 1942.)
December 1944
6 December
Japanese aircraft raided B‑29 base at Saipan. 6 enemy aircraft shot down. 1 B-29 was destroyed, 2 damaged.
7 December
A very heavy attack on Iwo Jima was carried out by a large force of B‑29s, together with 108 Liberators and 30 Lightnings. On the same day naval surface units bombarded the island.
8 December
CinCPac communiqué announced that Lt. Gen. Millard F. Harmon had been assigned to command the Strategic Air Force, Pacific Ocean Areas, including all shore‑based aircraft of the Pacific Ocean Areas normally employed on offensive missions.
11 December
Great Britain announced that a British Pacific Fleet would be sent to the Pacific theater, under command of ADM Sir Bruce Fraser, GCB, KBE. On the 19th, it was announced that FADM Nimitz and ADM Fraser and their respective staffs were engaged in a series of conferences at FADM Nimitz’s head quarters.
13-15 December
Carrier aircraft of the Pacific Fleet bombed and strafed harbor and airfield installations on Luzon. Enemy losses: 34 ships sunk, 36 damaged; 61 aircraft destroyed in the air, 208 destroyed on the ground. We lost 27 aircraft.
15 December
Army troops under Gen. MacArthur invaded Mindoro Island, South of Luzon, in the Philippines.
19 December
ADM C. W. Nimitz, CinCPac and CinCPoa, assumed the rank of a Fleet Admiral of the United States Navy.
20 December
Organized resistance on Leyte has ended, according to announcement from Gen. MacArthur’s headquarters on Leyte.