The life of Harry Truman –
Truman Committee was his child
By Frances Burns
…
Atrocities called worst in history
LONDON, England (UP) – Members of the United Nations War Crimes Commission, back from inspecting the German horror camp at Buchenwald, said today that evidence bore out the view that atrocities in the present war had no counterpart in history.
Lord Wright, chairman of the group, said authentic information showed at least 50,000 prisoners perished at Buchenwald.
He said U.S. military authorities had shown remarkable efficiency at improving appalling conditions at the camp, reducing the death rate from 300 daily to between 20 and 30 daily after only 12 days of occupation.
On the return from Germany yesterday, the group stopped at Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower’s headquarters for further consultations.
Neues Österreich (April 29, 1945)
Mussolini auf der Flucht verhaftet
Rom. 28. April – Der Generalprokurator in Rom hat gegen Mussolini Anklage erhoben und einen Haftbefehl erlassen. Mussolini wurde in Lesco am Comosee beim Versuch. Die Schweizer Grenze zu überschreiten, verhaftet. Auch Marschall Graziani und die Faschistenführer Pavolini und Farinacci sind verhaftet.
Kämpfe vor Venedig
Rom, 28. April – In Italien ist die deutsche Abwehr zusammengebrochen. Alliierte Truppen sind in Genua eingedrungen, nachdem sie von La Spezia aus in 48 Stunden 80 km weit vorgedrungen waren. Ein Großteil von Genua war bereits von den italienischen Freiheitskämpfern besetzt worden. 1.500 Mann der deutschen Flottille samt Ausrüstung haben sich gefangen gegeben.
Die 5. und 8. Armee haben die Etsch überschritten und stoßen in die Lombardische Tiefebene vor. Sie stehen am Rande der Verteidigungslinie vor Venedig.
Im Vormarsch auf Mailand hat die 5. Armee Piacenza genommen. In Mailand selbst liquidieren Freiheitskämpfer die letzten deutschen Widerstandsnester. Mailand ist beflaggt. Eine jubelnde Menschenmenge ist auf den Straßen.
L’Unità (April 29, 1945)
Mussolini e i suoi accoliti giustiziati dai patrioti in nome del popolo
Patrioti italiani hanno giustiziato il 28 aprile alle ore 16,10 in località Giulino di Mezzegre (Como):
BENITO MUSSOLINI
Gli stessi patrioti hanno fucilato a Dongo:
| Pavolini Alessandro | Coppola Goffredo | |
| Barracu Francesco | Porta Paolo | |
| Zerbino Paolo | Gatti Luigi | |
| Mezzasoma Fernando | Daquanno Ernesto | |
| Romano Ruggero | Nudi Mario | |
| Liverani Augusto | Bombacci Nicola |
vari altri gerarchi e la Petacci. I cadaveri di questi criminali sono esposti da stanotte in piazzale Loreto.
Führer HQ (April 29, 1945)
Kommuniqué des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht
Tag und Nacht tobt nun der fanatische Kampf in den Stadtteilen Berlins. Die tapfere Besatzung verteidigt sich in schwerem Ringen gegen die unaufhörlichen Angriffe der bolschewistischen Massen. Trotzdem konnte weiteres Vordringen des Feindes in einzelnen Stadtteilen nicht verhindert werde: Zwischen der Potsdamer Straße und dem Belle-Alliance-Platz wird noch erbittert gekämpft. Von Plötzensee drang der Gegner bis zur Spree durch.
Südlich Berlin führten die Sowjets neue Verbände gegen unsere im Angriff befindlichen Divisionen heran, mit denen wechselvolle Kämpfe entbrannt sind. Beelitz wurde genommen und östlich Werder die Verbindung mit dem Verteidigungsbereich in Potsdam hergestellt. Angriffe gegen die Ostflanke dieses Vorstoßes nordwestlich und südlich Treuenbrietzen wurden abgewiesen.
Im Mecklenburg-pommerschen Raum wurde die sowjetische fünfte Panzerbrigade neu herangeführt und drängte unsere Verbände von Templin auf die Seenkette zwischen Lychen-Neubrandenburg und Anklang zurück.
In Nordwestdeutschland kam es an der unteren Ems zu heftigen Ortskämpfen, in deren Verlauf leer verlorenging. An der Elbe, südöstlich Hamburg, bildeten die Engländer unter starkem Artillerieschutz einen kleinen Brückenkopf auf dem Nordufer des Flusses bei Lauenburg. Reserven sind zum Gegenangriff angetreten. In Oberschwaben drängt der Feind gegen die Linie Memmingen-Augsburg.
In Italien versucht der Gegner, sich den Absetzbewegungen unserer Divisionen durch starke Vorstöße aus dem Raum Parma nach Nordwesten und aus seinem Po-Brückenkopf nach Norden vorzulegen. Bei Piadena und Verona sind heftige Kämpfe mit vorgezogenen feindlichen Abteilungen im Gange.
Auch gestern beschränkten sich die Bolschewisten im Südabschritt der Ostfront auf örtliche Vorstöße. Aus dem Raum Brünn setzten sie ihre Durchbruchsversuche fort und traten auch westlich Mährisch-Ostrau zu dem erwarteten Angriff an. Austerlitz ging in feindliche Hand. Schwere Kämpfe mit eingebrochenen sowjetischen Angriffstruppen sind im Gange. Die tapferen Verteidiger von Breslau schlugen starke Angriffe an der Westfront unter Verlusten für den Gegner ob. Im Kampfraum Bautzen und Meißen drangen unsere Angriffe weiter nach Norden vor. Kamenz und Königsbrück wurden wieder genommen und die Sowjets unter hohen Verlusten zurückgeworfen.
Der Feind konnte gestern nach starker Artillerievorbereitung vom Festland her on der Ostküste der Frischen Nehrung Fuß fassen. In diesen verlustreichen Kämpfen mussten unsere Truppen dem Gegner geringfügig Raum geben.
Über dem gesamten Reichsgebiet herrschte gestern nur geringe feindliche Jagdfliegertätigkeit.
In Fortsetzung ihres Kampfes gegen den feindlichen Nachschubverkehr versenkten Unterseeboote erneut acht vollbeladene Dampfer mit 45.000 BRT, drei Zerstörer und zwei Korvetten.
Supreme HQ Allied Expeditionary Force (April 29, 1945)
FROM
(A) SHAEF MAIN
ORIGINATOR
PRD, Communique Section
DATE-TIME OF ORIGIN
291100B April
TO FOR ACTION
(1) AGWAR
(2) NAVY DEPARTMENT
TO (W) FOR INFORMATION (INFO)
(3) TAC HQ 12 ARMY GP
(4) MAIN 12 ARMY GP
(5) AIR STAFF MAIN
(6) ANCXF
(7) EXFOR MAIN
(8) EXFOR REAR
(9) DEFENSOR, OTTAWA
(10) CANADIAN C/S, OTTAWA
(11) WAR OFFICE
(12) ADMIRALTY
(13) AIR MINISTRY
(14) UNITED KINGDOM BASE
(15) SACSEA
(16) CMHQ (Pass to RCAF & RCN)
(17) COM ZONE
(18) SHAEF REAR
(19) SHAEF MAIN
(20) HQ SIXTH ARMY GP
(21) WCIA OR OWI WASHINGTON FOR RELEASE TO COMBINED U.S. AND CANADIAN PRESS AND RADIO AT 0900 HOURS GMT
(REF NO.)
NONE
(CLASSIFICATION)
IN THE CLEAR
Communiqué No. 386
UNCLASSIFIED: Allied forces advancing along both banks of the Weser River in the Bremen area have occupied Seehausen and Groepelingen. Northwest of Rotenburg we have advanced seven miles and reached Horstedt and Vorwerk. Southwest of Zeven we captured Kirchtimke.
Enemy strongpoints south of Leer and other objectives in Leer were attacked by fighter-bombers.
Our forces advanced three miles into Czechoslovakia and entered Karlsbach, 16 miles south of Tachau. Farther south we entered Maxberg against strong enemy resistance.
North of Regen, in Germany, we reached the vicinity of Neukirchen and entered Oberried.
We captured Deggendorf and entered Schoefweg and Oberauerbach, east of Deggendorf.
Southeast of Regensburg, we reached the outskirts of Aiterhofen and Perkam and cleared Alteglofsheim and Thalmassing.
In the area southwest of Regensburg, our troops cleared Teugn and Abensberg and advanced six miles into the Durrenbucher Forest.
South of Ingolstadt, we repulsed a small enemy counterattack and reached the vicinity of Mainberg and Hirnkirchen.
Our units are closing in on Munich in a wide arc extending from north to southwest of the city. Advance elements are within 20 miles of the city.
Mechanized cavalry drove 15 miles southeast from the vicinity of Neuberg to Pfaffenhofen. Infantry across the Danube, west of Neuburg, was within 20 miles of Munich to the northwest after capturing Haag and Tandern.
Our forces across the Lech River north of Augsburg reached Aindling and Willprechtszell. We captured Augsburg including the garrison and the major general commanding it, and advanced to Freiburg four miles farther east.
East and south of Landsberg, we captured several towns including Schoeffelding, Finning and Stadl. Farther south along the Lech River, we reached Schongau after a 20-mile advance from the northwest.
Other elements advanced 25 miles east from the Kempten area to the vicinity of the Lech River between Schongau and the Austrian frontier. Burggen, Lechbruck and Dietringen were captured.
To the south Fuessen was taken and we crossed into Austria in that vicinity.
All organized resistance in the Black Forest Pocket ceased and the area is being mopped up.
On the Maritime Alps front, our forces were at or across the Italian frontier for a stretch of 50 miles from the Ligurian Sea. At some points we pushed ten miles into Italy.
From the vicinity of Neuburg to the Iller Canal area we captured 24,887 prisoners, including three generals, and between the Iller Canal and the Rhine, more than 7,000 were taken.
Allied forces in the west captured 57,533 prisoners 27 April.
COORDINATED WITH: G-2, G-3 to C/S
THIS MESSAGE MAY BE SENT IN CLEAR BY ANY MEANS
/s/
Precedence
“OP” - AGWAR
“P” - Others
ORIGINATING DIVISION
PRD, Communique Section
NAME AND RANK TYPED. TEL. NO.
D. R. JORDAN, Lt Col FA4655
AUTHENTICATING SIGNATURE
/s/
U.S. Navy Department (April 29, 1945)
CINCPOA Communiqué No. 347
A Navy Hospital Ship, USS COMFORT (AH-6), was attacked and heavily damaged by a Japanese aircraft about 50 miles south of Okinawa at 2058 local time on April 28 (East Longitude Date). The crashed Japanese plane which made the suicide attack is still on the COMFORT. The vessel which was engaged in evacuating wounded from Okinawa suffered 29 killed, 33 seriously wounded, and 100 missing, including patients, passengers, and crew. At the time of the attack, she was operating under full hospital procedure, was clearly marked and was fully lighted. She is now proceeding to port under her own power.
Elements of the 27th Infantry Division captured the northern half of Machinato Airfield on Okinawa on April 28 as a general advance was made in the southern sector of the island. The 7th Infantry Division secured the high ground near Kochi Village and was continuing to move southward. Corsair fighters of the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing and planes from the carriers of the Pacific Fleet bombed and strafed ahead of the advancing troops. The attack was supported by heavy artillery and by the guns of heavy units of the fleet.
A series of attacks involving a total of about 200 enemy aircraft were made on our forces in the Okinawa area during the afternoon of April 28 and the night of April 28‑29. Combat air patrols from escort and fast carriers of the U.S. Pacific Fleet and from the 2nd MarAirWing prevented any enemy planes from penetrating to our main forces during daylight. Attacks after nightfall and continuing until 0215 on April 29 caused some damage to light units of the fleet. A total of 104 enemy aircraft were destroyed by ships’ guns and carrier and land‑based aircraft.
Carrier aircraft strafed targets on Kume Island west of Okinawa on April 28.
From the beginning of operations against Okinawa and surrounding islands through April 27, the Tenth Army lost 1,527 soldiers and 320 Marines killed in action. A total of 7,826 soldiers and 1,322 Marines were wounded and 413 soldiers and five Marines were missing.
Navy search aircraft of Fleet Air Wing One attacked a convoy west of Kyushu on April 27 scoring four hits with medium bombs on cargo ships. Aircraft of the same wing attacked shipping in Shimonoseki Strait with bombs and torpedoes during the night of April 28‑29. During daylight on April 29, FlAirWing One planes destroyed a small cargo ship, damaged seven others, and set a picket ship afire in attacks made in the waters around Kyushu, Honshu, and the Ryukyus.
Army Mustangs of the VII Fighter Command strafed small craft, radio installations, and other targets in the area of the Bonins on April 29.
Corsair fighters and Avenger torpedo planes of the 4th MarAirWing bombed targets in the Palaus through moderate anti-aircraft fire on targets April 28 and 29.
Army Liberators and Thunderbolt fighters of the Strategic Air Force bombed and strafed airfields and installations at Truk in the Carolines on April 28 and 29. On April 29, Navy search planes of FlAirWing One hit the same target setting a drydock afire and sinking a ship in the harbor.
The Pittsburgh Press (April 29, 1945)
LAST BERLIN LINE SMASHED
Soviet armies join in center of dying city
Parts of 3 downtown districts captured
Saturday, April 28, 1945
Cutting up the Nazi Army, Allied forces advanced from all directions. In the north, the Second White Russian Army drove far west of Stettin. Soviet troops gained inside Berlin, and drove to the Elbe River to the west. In the south, the U.S. Third Army in Austria near Passau advanced toward a junction with the Russians along the Danube. To the west, the U.S. Seventh Army closed in on Munich, where an anti-Nazi revolt road, and crossed into Austria to the southwest. In Italy, U.S. troops were reported to have reached the Swiss border at Como.
LONDON, England (UP) – The Red Army, breaking through Berlin’s last defense line to the Alexander Platz, captured parts of the three central districts of the doomed capital, today.
The German radio reported Nazi parachutists were dropping into the city in a last, desperate reinforcement gamble.
The First White Russian and First Ukrainian Armies joined forces at the western edge of the Berlin downtown area, a Moscow communiqué announced.
More than 45,000 Germans had been killed in two days in the hopeless defense of the city and 14,000 prisoners were taken from a huge trap southeast of the city where survivors are being “annihilated.”
Beyond falling capital
Forces of three Soviet armies were storming on beyond the falling capital and had gained up to 25 miles in an overwhelming offensive that was ripping what remains of Germany to shreds.
Marshal Gregory K. Zhukov’s First White Russian Army captured the big electrical works settlement of Siemensstadt, the Moscow communiqué said – revealing that the town had been temporarily lost following its first reported capture three days ago.
The Russians then stormed through the northwestern quarter of Charlottenburg and reached the Bismarckstrasse, a continuation of the Charlottenburger Chaussee and Unter den Linden – the main axis of the German defense. They also seized the western half of Moabit, just east of Charlottenburg and site of Moabit Prison.
Marshal Zhukov’s tank forces in Eastern Berlin moved west from the fallen Tempelhof district to seize half of adjoining Schoenberg.
Swinging up through Berlin’s southwest section, Marshal Ivan S. Konev’s First Ukrainians captured the town districts of Friedenau, Grunewald and Ruhleben and linked up with the First White Russians.
A German High Command communiqué admitted that Zhukov’s tank teams had broken through to the Alexander Platz, eastern anchor of the Unter den Linden line. They also penetrated to Berlin’s Waterloo Circle to the southwest, only 1,000 yards from the Reich Chancellery, the communiqué said.
Turn backs on Yanks
German defenders of the erstwhile Western Front were reported “turning their backs” on the Americans in an effort to fight through to the relief of Berlin.
The Germans still held 30 square miles of Berlin, based on the Tiergarten, Unter den Linden and the Friedrichs, Potsdam and Anhalter stations. Heavy Soviet cannon, in one of the most terrible barrages of history, were obliterating everything inside that pocket.
The Germans insisted Adolf Hitler was staying in Berlin to meet a Wagnerian death. Moscow broadcasts said he had fled to the Austrian Tyrol and had made a brief flight from there to the Baltic port of Flensburg, described as the emergency seat of the German High Command.
Marshal Konstantin K. Rokossovsky’s Second White Russian Army struck swiftly to forestall a protracted German stand in Schleswig-Holstein, where Flensburg lies, and Denmark. Marshal Joseph Stalin announced his troops had captured the Pomeranian strongholds of Eggesin, Torgelow, Pasewalk, Strasburg and Templin.
Templin is 30 miles north of Berlin, 48 miles southwest of Stettin and 100 miles from British Second Army troops at the Elbe. Reaching Templin in an overnight advance of 25 miles, Marshal Rokossovsky’s forces were driving beyond fallen Stettin and north of Berlin on a 45-mile front with a speed that promised to overrun Germany’s “northern redoubt” in a matter of days.
Linking on 85-mile front
Moscow indicated the Allied armies were linking up on an 85-mile front from Torgau north to the Elbe west of Rathenow, where Cossack horsemen had driven 14 miles to the river from the captured town. The U.S. Ninth Army was on the Elbe west bank there. After the initial linkup at Torgau, Moscow dispatches said, two other Soviet divisions made contact with corresponding U.S. forces farther downstream.
German “mobile reserves,” presumably parachutists, as well as food and ammunition were landed in the city, the Nazi communiqué said in an indication of the desperateness of the situation.
Truman spikes peace rumor
German surrender report ‘unfounded,’ President announces
By Merriman Smith, United Press staff writer
…
Associated Press carries false report on surrender
Wild cheering touched off as radio, some newspapers carry groundless rumor
…
May not be true yet –
Hitler, high aides reported killed
Rumors from Naziland swirl fast and furious
Saturday, April 28, 1945
LONDON, England (UP) – U.S. troops captured Hans Goebbels today and reports from Switzerland said his notorious brother, Paul Joseph Goebbels, Nazi propaganda chief, Adolf Hitler and Hermann Goering all had been killed.
Hans, who held the rank of major general in the Nazi Party, was taken prisoner by U.S. First Army troops as he was preparing to flee from him home in a suburb of Duesseldorf. He had packed his luggage.
A high-ranking German diplomat reaching the Swiss border was quoted in a British dispatch from St. Margrethen that Hitler and Goebbels were shot last Wednesday. Another “high German personality” reaching that border post, said Goering had been killed at the same time. The diplomats did not say when or where or by whom the leading Nazis had been exterminated.
Another report, from the Exchange Telegraph’s Stockholm correspondent, said that according to reliable diplomatic circles there, Hitler is completely helpless and probably unconscious because of a brain hemorrhage.
Gestapo Chief Heinrich Himmler was said to have rushed to Berlin from Southern Germany by plane, accompanied by his right-hand man, a Gen. Schellenberg. The diplomat also said revolution had broken out in Munich, as reported from other sources.
A radio identified as the “German People’s” station reported that a group of German sailors had revolted in the Baltic seaport of Kiel, killing all the Nazis among them and wiping out the Nazi detachment sent to quell them. The rebels were said to have set up machine guns in their barracks yard.
Radio Oslo said Hitler was in Berlin and had decorated several officers and men including Col. Anton Eder, commander of the Berlin defense sector. Hitler was said to have conferred at his Berlin headquarters with Col. Gen, Ritter von Greim, new Luftwaffe chief.
A Zurich dispatch to the Exchange Telegraph Agency said it had been learned from a reliable Munich source that Himmler had ordered the arrest of Dr. Otto Meissner, Nazi undersecretary of state, but Meissner could not be found. The dispatch said that eight generals and other high officers had been executed by special SS Guards on the grounds that they had been involved in high treason with Goering before he was relieved as Air Force commander.
Swiss border reports quoted a diplomat’s chauffeur who said not a German soldier had been seen when they drove through Garmisch, 50 miles southwest of Munich.
Refugees reaching Switzerland from the German border city of Bregenz said big placards. “Kill Hitler,” were on many Bregenz houses. The road from Bregenz to St. Margrethen as crowded with an estimated 90,000 refugees.
The Moscow radio said many Nazi leaders were trying at Luebeck to find ways of escaping to Denmark and Norway. Some were said to have been found in the coal bunker of a steamer.