America at war! (1941–) – Part 4

Mistake bombing by Fortresses kills 1,200

Rome, Italy (UP) –
Flying Fortresses accidentally bombed the center of Belgrade April 16, killing between 1,200 and 2,000 civilians, it was revealed officially today.

The target of the raid was the Ikarus aircraft factory, three miles from the heart of Belgrade. The group leader was shot down before the Fortresses reached the target area, and they inaccurately dropped 348 bombs of 500 pounds each over a wide area.

Photographs showed that 130 bombs were scattered across the heart of the Yugoslav capital, and no hits were scored on the factory. A Swiss Red Cross representative reported 1,200 civilians were killed, but residents of Belgrade said the figure was closer to 2,000.

Lt. Gen. Ira C. Eaker, Allied air commander in the Mediterranean, ordered complete reports.

Correspondents said the incident caused considerable resentment among the inhabitants, but two days later Marshal Tito sent Gen. Eaker a message thanking him for his air support generally.

Gen. Eaker said at a press conference:

It is inevitable that civilians who live in the vicinity of vital industries serving the enemy are likely to suffer from the bombing of industrial targets.

The losses have not been entirely on one side. The 15th Air Force lost 480 heavy bombers and 155 fighters over the Balkans. We suffered these casualties willingly because we knew they were bringing nearer the day when the Balkans would be free.

Tractor loaded with TNT blows up 300 Nazis in fort

Diehard Germans believed wiped out by terrific blast near Strasbourg

20 more Jap ships sunk by U.S. subs

Washington (UP) –
U.S. submarines, maintaining an unending offensive against Jap shipping, have sunk an enemy light cruiser, a destroyer and 18 more merchant vessels, the Navy announced today.

In addition to the two warships, a communiqué said, the undersea craft destroyed 13 cargo vessels, four cargo transports and a tanker.

Including today’s bag, U.S. submarines have sunk 874 Jap vessels, probably sunk at least 37 and damaged 119, for a total of at least 1,030 Jap vessels hit during this war.

Enemy combatant ship losses from U.S. submarines include 82 sunk, 11 probably sunk and 16 damaged, for an overall total of 109 warships hit by U.S. subs.


Donald Nelson leaves China

Chungking, China (UP) –
Donald Nelson, President Roosevelt’s personal representative, has left China after a 19-day stay during which he aided in the establishment of the new Chinese War Production Board.

In State Department –
Grew appointed Stettinius aide

Clayton, Rockefeller, MacLeish also named

To start in Boston –
Men who quit job must take war position

U.S. agency to direct all hiring

parry3

I DARE SAY —
The new breed

By Florence Fisher Parry

Look at the uniform of any man in the armed services, never mind the color, the cut, the insignia, the rank. That uniform designates a man who is being trained or who has been trained to kill.

Regardless of his work, however indirectly it bears upon actual combat, he is contributing to that one end – killing.

That is war. War means killing or being killed. And until we get that firmly planted in our minds, until we tear away all the pretty heroics and sentiment and other window-dressing, we are party to the most gigantic conspiracy that ever plagued the world – the conspiracy of making killing seem like something else.

The awful thing, the hopeless thing, is that the only persons who actually realize this are those who have come through combat, who have been through the fire and the hell, who have brushed close to death and seen their comrades die, smelt the stench, looked upon the obscenity as well as the terrible pity of death.

And never mind how many millions of these men there are, their number is still not enough to impress the civilian populations they later return to.

‘Safety’

Have you a son or husband whose job has been killing and who has done that job so well that he has somehow managed not to be killed thus far? Then you know that he has ceased to be one of you. He belongs to that other world. He is patient, attentive, polite, very kind. He answers you “Yes” and “No” and then suddenly without warning there is that wall between you – that line drawn, that divide, and he is on one side and you are on the other. There is nothing that you can do about it. You are a stranger to his world and he to yours.

You say to him:

Why did you refuse that nice assignment? Why did you turn your back to safety and certain reward? Don’t you know when your luck is spent? Can’t you see that you’ve earned the right to safety?

Then it is that he answers you: “Safety! Safety! Can’t you see that what you call safety is the most dangerous attitude in the world? You’re tired of this war, aren’t you?” he asks you. “You’re tired of being brave and sacrificial. You’re tired of the suspense of knowing your own to be in danger. You are ready for peace. You crave safety.”

He will say to you:

Don’t you know, don’t you know that it’s just that – that very thing that you are saying, feeling, wanting now, that is going to bring about another war? Can’t you see that the enemy’s only hope lies in your growing tired and fed up and willing to barter in order to secure your own son’s safety?

Yes, that’s what he’ll say.

For they have learned something not given any mortal man save him who has confronted death head-on and sidestepped him for the nonce. They have learned to accept the likelihood of death.

Acceptance

Let me tell it to you this way: I said to a fortress pilot who had survived those early suicidal missions over Germany: “What makes a man crackup – mentally, I mean? What makes him break? Fear? Too complex a nervous system? Strain? What?”

And he answered:

None of these, really. It is quite simple. For I have found that the men in the Air Force who break in combat flying are those men who have not been able to accept the fact of death; and those who do not break are those who have been able to accept it.

He said:

It’s as simple as that. Some men cannot give up the desperate dearness of life; so, when they face the prospect of losing it, the fact becomes intolerable. There is no out for them. So, they crack. Then there are these others. On some day, at some hour or moment, it suddenly comes over them that they cannot expect to live, and they are able to accept this probability, this certainty. And in the instant of their accepting it, they find themselves at peace – nerveless, strong, unbreakable.

So, I guess we civilian-minded, earthbound home-fronter had better just be quiet; not waste our breath when one of these men of this new, strange breed tells us or writes us that he’s going on into fresh danger.

Will there be enough of these, I wonder, to make the world safe, to ensure its safety? Or shall we lesser, baser, craven creatures, by our fears, our tears and war-weariness, cheat them again of the future they are so readily now dying for?

Witness says Mrs. Dorsey cut Hall’s nose

Tottler and gambler are also blamed

U.S. heavies rip western Germany

RAF Lancasters also attack in daylight

In Washington –
1946 budget may fall below $100 billion

79th Congress will get it next month

Walkouts end in 2 Detroit war plants

Settlement in third strike is promised

A Nazi asks: Is this in vain?
Nerve of German soldier dries up as Yanks crawl on over bodies

By Jack Frankish, United Press staff writer

Benny goes on air as dispute fizzles

Simms: Treaty ratification procedure based on early sectional fears

Requirement for two-thirds vote of Senate aimed at protecting rights of minority
By William Philip Simms, Scripps-Howard foreign editor

Filipinos take towns on Samar

Action on Leyte bogged down by rain


Adm. King hints of secret weapons

U.S. to stay armed, Gen. Marshall says

World aviation plan approved at conference

Air freedom pacts to come later

Minor Nazis slated to toil for Russians

U.S. expected to agree to Soviet plan

Miss Kellems tells of ‘persecution’

Inside the Reich –
Nazis taking Hans’ rations to feed Fritz

Eating problem grows worse in Germany
By Nat A. Barrows

Seventh and last of a series

Stockholm, Sweden –
The Nazis’ problem of feeding 80 million weary, bedraggled Herrenvolk is fast reaching the point where it is a question of taking food from Hans to help Fritz.

Each new mile of Allied advance into Germany’s homeland increases the extremely complicated task of distributing the daily rations. If Cologne, for example, loses its rations in the splatter of Allied bombs, emergency supplies must be moved up perhaps at the temporary expense of another city.

The Nazis have long been prepared for just such contingencies, but enough bombs and enough German territory in Allied hands will make it hurt – in the stomach.

Germany appears to have enough food to get it through the winter, despite the dwindling supplies from foreign countries. No civilian is going to wax fat, however, on what the Nazis dole out to him. The acute problem hinges more on distribution.

No more oranges

At best, the average German civilian today has practically nothing to eat beyond his monotonous rations. No more oranges from Spain… no more olives from Italy… no more raisins and citrus fruits from the Balkans.

Most German people today are being fed by masses – wholesale distribution on a vast scale, governed by a complicated system of differentials. The army and other fighting units get the best available food and, apparently, are not suffering from undernourishment. War workers also get top selections.

The political aspects of the military situation obliged the Nazis to improve rations for foreign workers and for peasants doing compulsory farm labor.

Cereal crop smaller

This year’s cereal crop seems to have been smaller than in 1943 as reflected by the reduction in the weekly bread ration, but killing off more pigs due to the feeding shortages probably will enable the average German to get his basic rations through this sixth war winter.

Sugar is hard to obtain and it will grow scarcer because sugar beets must be diverted into alcohol production for motor fuel to make up for the losses of the Nazis’ gasoline supply.

On the basis of a careful survey from facts available here, the Germans can be expected to keep their mass-produced factory and canteen soup kitchens adequately supplied these coming months – but not much more.

Causes listed

The Nazis have definite food problems before them, nevertheless, due to several factors beyond their control, such as:

  • Labor shortages for which no relief is possible.

  • Badly-reduced fertilizer quotas, especially phosphates and nitrogen.

  • Loss of farming areas and stored up harvests because of military retreats.

  • Decreased efficiency in overstrained farm workers.

  • Reduced allotment of gardening and home breeding of poultry and rabbits because of restrictions in feed, bomb damage and overtime in factories.

To the top of the world –
Tibet government provides house for Lhasa visitor

Food gifts also presented to newspapermen; capital rimmed on three sides by mountains
By A. T. Steele

Germans capture hill in Italy

Other attacks near Bologna repulsed