Editorial: Vanished American
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Background of news –
Québec now and in 1943
By Bertram Benedict
The first conference of President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill at Québec was held a little more than a year ago, from Aug. 17 to Aug. 24, 1943. There were rumors that the conference would produce a notable declaration like the Atlantic Charter, which had come out of the Roosevelt-Churchill meeting on the high seas two years before, or like the “unconditional surrender” demand which had come out of the Casablanca Conference in the previous January, but the 1943 Québec Conference produced nothing of the sort.
The joint Roosevelt-Churchill statement issued at the close of the conference said merely that military operations all over the world, including the war against Japan, had been surveyed. Decisions had been made, but could not be disclosed. It had been resolved to hold another Anglo-American conference before the end of the year, “in addition to any tripartite meeting which it may be possible to arrange with Soviet Russia.” Russia would be fully informed of the decisions reached as to the war against Germany and Italy.
The President’s address at Ottawa following the conference was in the nature of a “peptalk,” telling the world that Germany was about to be defeated.
Invitation denied by Moscow
In 1943, as in 1944, Soviet Russia was not represented. President Roosevelt was understood to say that Marshal Stalin had been invited to come. Thereupon Moscow denied flatly that any such invitation had been received.
While the conference met, Soviet publications continued to criticize the United States and Great Britain for not opening a real second front. The magazine War and the Working Class explained that the Québec Conference was all right as an Anglo-American parley, but said that the real need was for a tripartite Soviet-Anglo-American conference soon in Moscow.
The 1943 Québec Conference met amid fears that Russia would insist on playing a lone hand. There were rumors that Germany had offered Moscow a separate peace.
Several weeks before the 1943 Québec Conference met, Mussolini had been deposed in Italy, and Gen. Badoglio had been named Italian Premier. There was confusion as to Gen. de Gaulle’s status. After the conference adjourned, the United States recognized Gen. de Gaulle’s French Committee of National Liberation as the “administrative authority” of the French overseas territories actually under the committee’s control.
Action on war fronts
While the conference was meeting, the conquest of Sicily was completed. American and Canadian forces occupied Kiska, from which the Japanese had departed unscathed. There was hard fighting on New Guinea. In the east, the Russian advance retook Kharkov.
Goebbels told the German people over the radio that a new secret weapon was under construction which would soon give them relief from Allied air raids.
At Québec in 1943, President Roosevelt made public his executive orders allowing the War Manpower Commission to withdraw draft deferment from recalcitrant strikers and allowing union dues to be placed in escrow in any plant taken over by the government.
The War Labor Board took jurisdiction of the wage dispute in the anthracite mines. The Board also ordered Montgomery Ward to enforce a maintenance of union membership clause. Under Secretary of State Welles was said to be on the point of resigning. Mrs. Roosevelt was in New Zealand.
In Washington –
Simplified tax form due by March 15
20 million payers will be aided
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Security session facing delay
Delegates unable to reach agreement
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Perkins: UMW backing renews Lewis fighting spirit
Roosevelt criticism report approved
By Fred W. Perkins, Pittsburgh Press staff writer
Cincinnati, Ohio –
John L. Lewis had more courage today for a broadside attack on President Roosevelt, courage gained through his smashing victory in the United Mine Workers convention.
The courage of Mr. Lewis, like that of any labor leader, is based on the support of his own organization. Mr. Lewis got a 20-to-1 vote in his favor among 2,800 delegates when he went to them with a personal plea against changing the system under which he appoints more than half of the union’s district officers.
The 64-year-old labor labor’s overwhelming victory over the autonomous wing, led by former UMW Illinois district president, Ray Edmundson of Springfield, came after he had delivered an impassioned plea for delegate support on the convention floor.
Delegates cheer
His voice dropping to emphasize his points. Mr. Lewis charged the autonomy movement was an operator-inspired effort to weaken the UMW internally before next March, when the unions present wage agreement with the mine owners expires.
At the conclusion of his address, the delegates gave the faintly-smiling Lewis a rising ovation, punctuated with handclapping, cheers and cries of “Pour it on, John.”
This issue – home rule – was the first of two major questions in the convention. The second came today when the UMW approved a report which strongly criticized the Roosevelt administration and praised Republican presidential nominee Thomas E. Dewey, while reframing from a direct presidential endorsement.
Indispensable man
The Lewis victory over the proponents of home rule was won partly through a preponderance of delegates speaking in favor of government from UMW headquarters in Washington, and partly through Mr. Lewis’ speech, which established him as “the indispensable man” in the United Mine Workers.
Mr. Lewis charged that a group of UMW members had gone to Washington to ask the U.S. Attorney General “to send me to prison” or suppressing civil liberties.
“And in due time,” Mr. Lewis continued with a smile, “I shall find out who these men are who wanted to send me to prison.”
Hints of operator conspiracy
He said:
I think I also shall find out that one of them stayed in a luxurious suite paid for by a coal operator.
I have no doubt the coal operators would make important contributions to weaken this union before we go into wage negotiations next March, and I’m not sure some of their money hasn’t already been spent in this campaign of slander.
Miners’ convention slaps Roosevelt, praises Dewey
But resolutions committee report deftly sidesteps presidential endorsement
Cincinnati, Ohio (UP) –
The United Mine Workers convention today approved a report recommending that the union refrain from a presidential endorsement, but which strongly criticized the Roosevelt administration and praised Governor Thomas E. Dewey, Republican presidential nominee.
The report, submitted by the resolutions committee, was approved by a standing vote after delegates supporting Mr. Roosevelt argued in 40 minutes of debate that criticism of the administration by UMW President John L. Lewis and his officers was unjustified.
The report received a heavy majority vote, but fell far short of being unanimous among the 2,700 delegates.
Enslavement charged
The report charged that the Roosevelt administration had actively opposed labor generally and the UMW in particular; had refused to appoint a labor member as Secretary of Labor, and had abolished collective bargaining in favor of “the fiat of governmental agencies.”
The report said:
It is the first administration to bind men to their jobs like indentured servants the basis of a rigid economy that destined to regiment and enslave labor and the American people as a whole.
In contrast to the New Deal record, the report charged the “labor plank of the Republican Party’s platform promises the recognition and representation that belongs to labor.”
Dewey ‘in harmony’
Mr. Dewey, it said, has worked “in complete harmony with the legitimate trade unions of his state” as Governor of New York.
“Dewey has not met the expectations of the betrayers of labor, the misleaders of Iabor, or the Communists who dominate the CIO and the political actionites,” it said.
While praising the GOP, the report said the committee felt the UMW should not depart from “its traditional political policy” and endorse a candidate or party in the 1944 campaign.
The winter: No-strike!
Wavering UAW revokes, then reaffirms pledge
Reconversion jitters has ‘bad boy’ union punch-drunk at the final gong
By Ray De Crane, Scripps-Howard staff writer
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MPs V-Day to be followed by hangover
London, England (UP) –
Alfred Denville, Conservative member of Parliament, announced his plans for V-Day today.
They include giving $20 to every woman in his constituency who has a baby that day, tearing up his wartime identity card in a public ceremony, kissing all the girls he knows, and having a drink with every friend he can find.
Marlene in Iceland
Reykjavík, Iceland –
Movie star Marlene Dietrich has arrived in Iceland from Greenland to entertain troops before proceeding to the European Theater with a USO unit.
Boston case decided –
Trolley men granted bonus by Labor Board
Decision may affect many other employees
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Stokes: Dewey strategy
By Thomas L. Stokes
With Dewey party –
The “hideaway” phase of Governor Dewey’s presidential campaign this week, which has taken him into Nebraska’s sand hills and the mountain fastnesses of Wyoming, has aroused speculation.
Examination shows that it was very cleverly contrived.
He has made no speeches other than occasional and brief “Howdy-dos.” But through the forum of his press conferences, the Republican candidate has capitalized upon the antipathy to the New Deal and to war restrictions that is most emphatic among the independent-type folks who live on farms, ranches and in the small towns in the territory which he has covered. This is transmitted in turn to such folks in other parts of the country through the medium of the 50-odd newspaper correspondents on this trip.
This small town-rural element is the basis of Dewey strength.
He laid the foundation for his sort of campaign in his first speech at Philadelphia in which he advocated that the boys overseas be brought home as soon as possible after the war, and in which he declared that the Roosevelt administration was afraid of peace. This tack obviously had its seductive appeal to women – mothers, wives, and sweethearts.
MacArthur made an issue
Along this same general line, he sought to create suspicion of political motives in President Roosevelt’s management of the war when he said this week that now that Gen. Douglas MacArthur is no longer “a political threat” to the President, his magnificent talents should be given greater scope and recognition, insinuating also that adequate supplies had been withheld from the general during the Philippine campaign.
He did not suggest specifically that Gen. MacArthur be named overall commander in the Pacific. But his remarks were in connection with the Québec Conference where it was first reported that a Pacific commander was to be selected by President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill. Gen. MacArthur, a popular figure, has been a sort of symbol and rallying point for Republicans who have raised him to the role of martyr.
When his campaign trip carried him into the farm and cattle country, Governor Dewey began to emphasize government war restrictions and regulations, which still seem to be onerous to people in this area.
At Des Moines, he said there is no doubt there will be large surpluses of food when the war is over, and he declared that this required efficient handling. He said the New Deal is not capable to prevent release of this food in a way that would be “a catastrophe” to the farmers.
Cites cattle surplus
At Valentine, Nebraska, in the heart of the cattle beyond the needs of the country, raising the question of a large surplus before housewives who have had trouble getting meat for their table. He criticized OPA’s handling of the problem.
That this type of campaign may be effective is indicated by the sharp outcries from Democrats, who are attacking this sort of appeal to win votes and are charging misrepresentation by the Republican candidate.
Experienced political correspondents on this train have recognized the general import and significance of this kind of campaign in a nation now growing war weary and, from past observation, they see how it may be effective in the psychological condition of the voters.
It begins to appear, too, that President Roosevelt himself will be forced to make a campaign to meet the Dewey thrusts. Smaller-fry spokesmen cannot get the hearing nationally that may be required.
Democratic leaders, by the charge of “misrepresentation” have laid the way for the President’s entry, for he said he did not plan to make a campaign except to answer “misrepresentations.”
Gracie Allen Reporting
By Gracie Allen
Hollywood, California –
It’s amazing how quickly French fashion designers got back into production after the liberation of Paris. I understand it was possible because they kept working underground during the Nazi occupation.
That’s wonderful, but imagine the styles they may bring out after spending four years underground. Instead of sable and mink we may have mole and groundhog. Why, the whole fashion world may turn upside down. Instead of flowers and birds on our hats we may have roots and gophers.
I think we women ought to band together and refuse to wear any such silly hats. Let’s just keep our sensible, conservative last years’ models – with oil derricks, birdcages, waffle irons, etc. I have one built like an aircraft carrier – and when I bend over, a little airplane takes off. And I’m keeping it – none of those silly hats for me.
Anti-fourth-term sentiment reflected in G.I.s’ letter
Hershey’s plan to keep Army mobilized ridiculed as his ‘latest morale booster
Washington –
Despite Democratic reports to the contrary, some overseas soldiers are not going to vote for a fourth term, Rep. John Jennings (R-TN) predicted today in making public a letter he received, ridiculing the Hershey plan to keep the Army mobilized after Germany is defeated.
The letter was dated Aug. 23 and addressed from “somewhere in Europe.” It was signed by 10 enlisted men privates, corporals and sergeants. Two are from Tennessee, one being from Mr. Jennings’ hometown of Knoxville.
The letter said:
Everywhere in the bloodstained hedgerows of France, the foxholes of Italy, the damp darkness of the jungle and in the shrapnel-torn skies of the world, tired, grim American soldiers stood up to cheer the latest morale booster of our beloved friend, Maj. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey. I quote from The Stars and Stripes of Aug. 23, 1944:
We can keep people in the Army about as cheaply as we could create an agency for them when they are out.
Right now, we think that Gen. Hershey could be voted the man with whom we should like most to share a slit-trench in the frontlines, for we believe him to be a man of vision; a man of understanding, especially of the wants, hopes and dreams of the common soldier.
It is this keen understanding, and the General’s well-known ability of expression and timing that will swing President Roosevelt back into the White House with the certain vote of every mother, father, sweetheart and wife who has a man serving overseas. That is why I urge you to support Mr. Roosevelt – he has such men around him to guide and counsel him in his moments of decision.
As you can see, I can hardly control my enthusiasm, for we love it here and will love it even more so after the war is won. We love the simple life of ease and quiet dignity, far from the clamor and turmoil of America and home.
Our only wish is that we can have an end to this dreadful talk of demobilization, that awful specter of returning home over the storm-tossed waters of the gray Atlantic. We want to stay here forever and forever among our pleasant European friends (Yeah, friends).
We are certain that none of us would ever consider returning home to America and taking work away from the poor fellows who have so nobly stood up under the strains of gasoline rationing, cuffless trousers and union scales. Never, not in a thousand years! And we know that they feel pretty much the same way about us, for they would never deprive us of the wonderful opportunity we now have here. Never, not in a thousand years would they come over here and take away our work.
They are content with their work-a-day world, and dull evenings at home with wives and children. Indeed, we are grateful to note in Fortune Magazine’s poll that some 44 percent of the folks back home have swung around to the General’s point of view and are unwilling to have us begin our reluctant trek home.
In fact, we have heard several soldiers state that they wish to have a list of those persons in that 44 percent of which Fortune Magazine writes, so that we could send them an old unexploded hand grenade or some nice unused mustard gas.
Millett: Gobs of love Navy’s rule
Sailors learn how to write letters
By Ruth Millett
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Kay Williams asks final divorce decree
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Four-way struggle for pennant resumes in American League
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College football –
Midwest gets 4-game start
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U.S. State Department (September 15, 1944)
Lot 60–D 224, Box 55: DO/PR/22
Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State to the Secretary of State
Washington, September 15, 1944
Subject: PROGRESS REPORT ON DUMBARTON OAKS CONVERSATIONS – TWENTY-THIRD DAY
Because Sir Alexander Cadogan was called to Quebec to confer with Prime Minister Churchill (on matters other than the Dumbarton Oaks conversations), no official meetings were held today.
Various members of the American group took advantage of the suspension of meetings to confer with one another and examine latest drafts of various documents.
Members of the secretariat took advantage of the delay to catch up with preparation of minutes and other papers. The latest draft of the document, based upon changes agreed to by the joint formulation group at its meeting yesterday afternoon, was copied and distributed to participants in the conversations.
Marshal Stalin’s reply to the President’s message on voting procedure was received. I sent a wire to the President quoting the exact text of the formula now under study.
At 4:00 p.m., Messrs. Long, Hackworth, Pasvolsky and I met with you for a 40-minute roundup discussion on the open questions.