America at war! (1941–) – Part 5

Führer HQ (March 24, 1945)

Kommuniqué des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht

In der erbitterten Abwehrschlacht in Ungarn wurden nördlich des Plattensees vorgedrungene Angriffsgruppen der Bolschewisten beiderseits Veszprem und nördlich Zirc nach hohen Verlusten für den Feind zum Stehen gebracht. Unsere Truppen warfen im Gegenangriff die gegen den Raum südlich Komorn angesetzten sowjetischen Kräfte zurück und festigten dadurch ihre Front. Südlich der Gran-Mündung sind heftige Kämpfe im Gange. Die unter verstärktem Artillerieeinsatz südlich Neusohl geführten Angriffe kosteten die Bolschewisten wiederum hohe Verluste, brachten ihnen jedoch nur geringen Bodengewinn.

Im Kampfraum von Oberschlesien vereitelten unsere Divisionen die erneuten Durchbruchsversuche der Sowjets zwischen Bauerwitz und Neiße. Der Verlust von 112 Panzern und die hohen blutigen Ausfälle des Feindes kennzeichnen die Härte unseres Widerstandes.

An der Oderfront beiderseits Küstrin wurde die vom Gegner unter stärkstem Einsatz erstrebte Ausweitung seines Brückenkopfes in zäher Abwehr und erfolgreichen Gegenstößen verhindert. Erneut wurden durch die Erdtruppe 66, durch die Luftwaffe weitere 20 Sowjetpanzer abgeschossen. Damit verloren die Bolschewisten allein in diesem Abschnitt innerhalb der beiden letzten Tage 204 Panzer.

Gegen den Verteidigungsgürtel um Gotenhafen und Danzig setzte der Feind seine Durchbruchsangriffe in unverminderter Stärke fort. Trotz verbissener Gegenwehr unserer schwer ringenden Verbände erzielte er Einbrüche im Raum von Zoppot und Praust.

An der Abwehrfront südlich des Frischen Haffs zerschlugen unsere erprobten Divisionen wiederum die Durchbruchsversuche der sowjetischen Armeen trotz schwerer Kampfbedingungen bis auf einen geringen Einbruch am linken Flügel. Beiderseits der Danziger Bucht wurden gestern 109 Sowjetpanzer vernichtet.

In Kurland blieben die südwestlich Frauenburg mit nachlassender Kraft geführten Angriffe der Bolschewisten ohne Erfolg, während nordöstlich der Stadt und westlich Dohlen vereinzelte eingebrochene Angriffsgruppen des Feindes nach erbitterten Kämpfen aufgefangen wurden.

Schlachtflieger und Flakartillerie der Luftwaffe vernichteten gestern neben zahlreichen Kraftfahrzeugen weitere 59 sowjetische Panzer. In Luftkämpfen wurden 41 feindliche Flugzeuge, darunter sechs durch ungarische Jäger, zum Absturz gebracht.

Nach schwerer Artillerievorbereitung und starkem Einsatz von Schlachtfliegern ist gestern Abend zwischen Rees und Wesel die erwartete Schlacht um den Niederrhein entbrannt.

An dem unteren Sieg hat sich das feindliche, Artilleriefeuer gesteigert. Ein Angriff des Gegners südlich Hennefs blieb liegen. An der Abriegelungsfront östlich Honnefs und an der Wied dauern die Abwehrkämpfe an. Einbrüche in unsere Stellungen wurden abgeriegelt. Im Ostteil Neuwieds behauptet sich unsere Besatzung gegen den heftig angreifenden Feind.

Die Besatzung von Mainz kämpfte sich unter harten Gefechten auf das rechte Rheinufer zurück.

Unter Einsatz von Schwimmpanzern konnten die Amerikaner bei Oppenheim den Rhein überschreiten und einen kleinen Brückenkopf bilden. Im Gegenangriff wurde er durch rasch herangeführte eigene Kräfte eingeengt und eine Reihe von Ortschaften zurückerobert. Gegen Ludwigshafen führte der Feind den ganzen Tag über starke Angriffe von Norden und Südwesten. Nach schweren, für beide Seiten verlustreichen Kämpfen drang er bis in das Stadtinnere vor. Zwischen Speyer und dem Westwall nordöstlich Weißenburg leisten unsere Truppen dem überall angreifenden Gegner erbitterten Widerstand.

Deutsche Schlacht- und Jagdfliegerkräfte bekämpften den feindlichen Nachschub im Westen bei Tag und Nacht. Starke Explosionen und ausgedehnte Brände wurden beobachtet.

In Mittelitalien beschränkte sich die Gefechtstätigkeit gestern auf beiderseitige gewaltsame Aufklärung.

In Westkroatien dauern die Abwehrkämpfe im Raum um Bihac an. Südlich der mittleren Save vertrieben kroatische Kampfgruppen die Banden aus der Stadt Gracanica. Weitere Säuberungsunternehmen sind in gutem Fortschreiten.

Ein britisches Kommando, das sich auf der Insel Calchi westlich Rhodos festgesetzt hatte, wurde wieder ins Meer geworfen und ließ dabei Gefangene in unserer Hand.

Auch gestern richtete sich die feindliche Lufttätigkeit über dem Reichsgebiet vorwiegend gegen den frontnahen rheinisch-westfälischen Raum, wo wiederum, besonders in mehreren Orten des Ruhrgebietes, Personenverluste und schwere Zerstörungen in Wohnvierteln entstanden. Andere Verbände griffen Städte in Nord-, Mittel- und Südostdeutschland an. In der Nacht flogen nur schwache Kräfte ins Reich ein. 29 anglo-amerikanische Flugzeuge wurden abgeschossen.

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Im Süden der Ostfront hat sich die 6. Kompanie des Gebirgsjägerregiments 28 unter der tatkräftigen Führung von Leutnant Lucas bei Abwehr von wiederholten starken Angriffen des Feindes innerhalb von sechs Tagen durch besondere Tapferkeit und Standhaftigkeit ausgezeichnet. Leutnant Lucas war seinen Männern in diesen Kämpfen trotz eigener Verwundung ein Vorbild mitreißenden Kampfgeistes.

Bei dem im Wehrmachtbericht vom 23. März gemeldeten erfolgreichen Angriff auf einen nach Murmansk laufenden Nachschubgeleitzug zeichnete sich die Besatzung des unter Führung von Oberleutnant zur See Westphalen stehenden U-Bootes besonders aus.

Supreme HQ Allied Expeditionary Force (March 24, 1945)

FROM
(A) SHAEF MAIN

ORIGINATOR
PRD, Communique Section

DATE-TIME OF ORIGIN
241100A March

TO FOR ACTION
(1) AGWAR
(2) NAVY DEPARTMENT

TO (W) FOR INFORMATION (INFO)
(3) TAC HQ 12 ARMY GP
(4) MAIN 12 ARMY GP
(5) AIR STAFF MAIN
(6) ANCXF
(7) EXFOR MAIN
(8) EXFOR REAR
(9) DEFENSOR, OTTAWA
(10) CANADIAN C/S, OTTAWA
(11) WAR OFFICE
(12) ADMIRALTY
(13) AIR MINISTRY
(14) UNITED KINGDOM BASE
(15) SACSEA
(16) CMHQ (Pass to RCAF & RCN)
(17) COM ZONE
(18) SHAEF REAR
(19) SHAEF MAIN
(20) PRO, ROME
(21) HQ SIXTH ARMY GP
(REF NO.)
NONE

(CLASSIFICATION)
IN THE CLEAR

Communiqué No. 350

UNCLASSIFIED: Allied forces have established another bridgehead across the Rhine, in an area south of the Remagen bridgehead. The crossing was made at 2200 hours Thursday, without air or artillery preparation and our forces have since been engaged in enlarging the bridgehead.

Meanwhile other forces are in the process of mopping up the remaining German pockets in the Saar. The last such pocket between Koblenz and Ludwigshafen is being reduced at a point eight lines miles north of Worms. Fighting continues in Ludwigshafen and Rheingönheim, on the southern edge of the city, has been cleared.

Speyer and Landau have been captured and our units are mopping up in Edenkoben north of Landau and in Spirkelbach to the east.

Our forces have broken through another section of the remaining Siegfried Line defenses and are rapidly reducing the last enemy elements along the Alsace border near the Rhine.

Klingenmünster, Bad Bergzabern and Oberhausen have been captured and our units have reached Winden. Enemy elements remaining in this area have been squeezed into a strip ten miles deep along the Rhine east and southeast of Landau. Resistance is stubborn and we repulsed a counterattack near Steinfeld, five miles west of Wissembourg.

Hennef, in the northern part of our Remagen bridgehead, has been captured. In the central sector we reached the Autobahn east of Rahms, extending the bridgehead to a depth of ten miles at that point. Farther south our units are across the Wied River on a 14-mile front north of Neuwied. Breitscheid, Waldbreitbach, Niederbreitbach, Niederbieber and Segendorf have been captured and Neuwied has been cleared. Enemy artillery fire was heavily in the vicinity of Breitscheid.

Enemy armor and road transport northeast of the bridgehead were bombed by fighter bombers.

Allied forces in the west captured 14,056 prisoners 22 March.

The air attack on the enemy communications was again very heavy yesterday.

Marshalling yards at Osnabrück, Rheine, Münster, Coesfeld, Recklinghausen and Gladbeck and east and southeast of the Ruhr at Unna, Geseke, Holzwickede, Siegen and Narburg were attacked by escorted heavy bombers in very great strength. A rail bridge northeast of Bielefeld and another over the Weser River at Bremen were attacked with 22,000- and 12,000-pound bombs by other escorted heavy bombers.

More than 20 communications centers between Münster and the Rhine were hit by medium and light bombers which operated in very great strength throughout the day.

Fighter-bombers ranged over a wide area mainly north and east of the Ruhr attacking rolling stock, rail lines, and road transport. Many gun positions also were hit. Road traffic was bombed in the Frankfurt, Giessen, Fulda area.

Farther south, railyards at Heidelberg and Neckargemünd, rail bridges at Neckarelz and near Mosbach, southeast of Heidelberg, rail lines and other targets east of the Rhine were attacked by medium and fighter-bombers.

Two enemy airfields in Holland, a factory west of Meppen and an ammunition dump and other objectives in the Arnhem area were hit by fighter bombers and rocket-firing fighters.

During the day, a very large number of rail cars, locomotives, motor and horse-drawn vehicles was destroyed or damaged.

Twenty-five enemy aircraft were shot down and ten others were destroyed on the ground.

Targets in Berlin were attacked by light bombers last night.

COORDINATED WITH: G-2, G-3 to C/S

THIS MESSAGE MAY BE SENT IN CLEAR BY ANY MEANS
/s/

Precedence
“OP” - AGWAR
“P” - Others

ORIGINATING DIVISION
PRD, Communique Section

NAME AND RANK TYPED. TEL. NO.
D. R. JORDAN, Lt Col FA4655

AUTHENTICATING SIGNATURE
/s/
FROM
(A) SHAEF FORWARD

ORIGINATOR
PRD, Communique Section

DATE-TIME OF ORIGIN
241530A March

TO FOR ACTION
(1) AGWAR
(2) NAVY DEPARTMENT

TO (W) FOR INFORMATION (INFO)
(3) TAC HQ 12 ARMY GP
(4) MAIN 12 ARMY GP
(5) AIR STAFF MAIN
(6) ANCXF
(7) EXFOR MAIN
(8) EXFOR REAR
(9) DEFENSOR, OTTAWA
(10) CANADIAN C/S, OTTAWA
(11) WAR OFFICE
(12) ADMIRALTY
(13) AIR MINISTRY
(14) UNITED KINGDOM BASE
(15) SACSEA
(16) CMHQ (Pass to RCAF & RCN)
(17) COM ZONE
(18) SHAEF REAR
(19) SHAEF MAIN
(20) PRO, ROME
(21) HQ SIXTH ARMY GP
(REF NO.)
NONE

(CLASSIFICATION)
IN THE CLEAR

Special Communiqué No. 7

UNCLASSIFIED: The Allied forces today are crossing the Rhine River on a wide front north of the Ruhr. Elements of the First Allied Airborne Army have been landed east of the Rhine.

Operations are being assisted by Allied navies and air forces, following an intensive aerial preparation.

COORDINATED WITH: G-2, G-3 to C/S

THIS MESSAGE MAY BE SENT IN CLEAR BY ANY MEANS
/s/

Precedence
“OP” - AGWAR
“P” - Others

ORIGINATING DIVISION
PRD, Communique Section

NAME AND RANK TYPED. TEL. NO.
D. R. JORDAN, Lt Col FA4655

AUTHENTICATING SIGNATURE
/s/

U.S. Navy Department (March 24, 1945)

CINCPOA Communiqué No. 308

Following the destructive attacks on objectives in the Inland Sea on March 19 (East Longitude Date), fighting between the carrier‑based aircraft of the Fifth Fleet operating in Japanese home waters and the enemy air force based on Kyushu, Shikoku and Honshu continued on March 20 and 21. Although complete details are not yet available reports show that large numbers of Japanese aircraft were shot down both by the fire of the Hellcat and Corsair fighters of the Fleet and by its anti-aircraft guns. On the afternoon of March 21, approximately fifty enemy aircraft were shot down in one encounter with a loss of three of our fighters. During this fighting one of our destroyers was seriously damaged and one larger unit received minor damage.

On March 23 and 24, in bad weather, units of the U.S. Pacific Fleet struck objectives in the Ryukyus including aircraft, shipping, airdromes and installations in the Kerama‑Retto at Okinawa, at Ie Shima and at Minami Daito Shima. Carrier aircraft destroyed some enemy shipping and damaged numerous small craft. Fast battleships attacked coastal objectives with their heavy guns.

Mustangs of the VII Fighter Command based on Iwo attacked targets on Chichi Jima in the Bonins on March 24.

Corsair and Hellcat fighters of the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing bombed and damaged the causeway between Koror and Babelthuap in the Palaus and set supply dumps afire elsewhere in these Islands on March 24.

During the week of March 11 through 17, garrison forces killed 51 of the enemy and took 16 prisoners on Saipan, Tinian and Guam in the Marianas and Peleliu in the Palaus.

On March 23, Navy Search Privateers of Fleet Air Wing Two bombed Wake Island.

Neutralizing attacks on enemy‑held bases in the Marshalls were continued by fighters of the 4th MarAirWing on March 23 and 24.

CINCPOA Press Release No. 45

For Immediate Release
March 24, 1945

The Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet, regrets to announce the loss of the escort aircraft carrier, USS BISMARCK SEA (CVE-95), due to enemy action. The commanding officer and most of the ship’s company are survivors. Next of kin of those who lost their lives have been notified.

While supporting the assault on Iwo Island, the Bismarck Sea was damaged by enemy air attacks on the evening of 21 February (East Longitude Date) and fires were started aboard her. Subsequently the fires spread throughout the ship and, having made every effort to save her, the ship’s company was ordered to abandon her. She sank a short time later.

The BISMARCK SEA, of the CASABLANCA Class, was built by the Kaiser Shipyards at Vancouver, Washington, and was commissioned in 1944. After a period of escort duty, she was assigned to the Seventh Fleet and supported the invasion of Lingayen, Luzon. She then joined the forces which participated in the Iwo operation.

CAPT John Lockwood Pratt, USN, was commanding officer.

Published information on the CASABLANCA Class

Displacement About 4,000 tons
Length About 500 feet
Speed About 19 knots
Aircraft About 20

CINCPAC Press Release No. 745

For Immediate Release
March 24, 1945

New Commanding General of Marine Aircraft

MajGen James T. Moore, USMC, has been named Commanding General, Aircraft, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific. He succeeds MajGen Francis P. Mulcahy, USMC, who will shortly receive a new assignment.

Gen Moore, who has served 24 years with Marine Corps aviation, is a veteran of 27 months of the Pacific air war. He recently returned from the combat areas where he was, at the same time, Commanding General of the 2nd Marine Air Wing during the Peleliu operation and Commander, Garrison Air Force, Western Carolines.

When war was declared, Gen Moore was serving as Chief of the U.S. Air Mission to Peru and Commanding General of the Peruvian Air Force. In December 1942, he was named Commanding General of the 4th MarAirWing which then had its headquarters in the Hawaiian Islands. In May 1943, he began a 17‑month tour of duty in the South Pacific as Chief of Staff of the 1st MarAirWing.

After the occupation of Munda airfield on New Georgia in August 1943, Gen Moore became Commander, Aircraft, New Georgia, and took command of all Allied air activity in the fight for aerial supremacy over the Central and Northern Solomon Islands.

In the fall of 1943, he became Commanding General, 1st MarAirWing. He later served as Commander, Aircraft, Emirau Island, during the invasion and consolidation of that element of the St. Mathias group. While there, Gen Moore also was Island Commander.

He then was named Commander, Aircraft, Solomon Islands, and after a brief period at this post took command of the 2nd MarAirWing.

The Pittsburgh Press (March 24, 1945)

6 ARMIES OVER RHINE
Final assault cracks Nazi lines – Air troops land, planes fill sky

13 miles of east bank seized – hundreds of Germans surrendering

Smoke veils big sectors of Rhine front

Paratroops glide down by the hundreds
By Jack Fleischer, United Press staff writer

Headed for Berlin!
Europe’s last battle, men of 9th Army believe as they cross Rhine

Reporter accompanying troops finds hopes are high, casualties low in big push
By Clinton B. Conger, United Press staff writer

U.S. carrier planes attack big Japanese naval base

Okinawa being raided for second day, according to broadcasts from Tokyo

LATE WAR BULLETINS

Rhine barrier breached at 4 points

PARIS – The Rhine barrier has been breached at four or more points on a front of 40 miles from Duesseldorf north to the Wesel area, it was announced today. Twenty-four hours after the attack started, the Germans had failed to mount a single major counterattack.

Enemy in a corner, Monty declares

LONDON – Field Marshal Sir Bernard L. Montgomery told his XXI Army Group troops today that the “enemy has been driven into a corner and he cannot escape.”

40,000 paratroops in attack

NEW YORK – A Blue Network broadcaster reported from Paris that almost 40,000 U.S. and British paratroopers were landed in the Rhine bridgehead today.

Italy-based bombers blast Berlin

ROME – Italy-based U.S. heavy bombers today bombed Berlin for the first time.

Nazis evacuate Hungarian city

LONDON – A German military commentator reported today that Nazi troops have evacuated Szekesfehervar, 34 miles southwest of Budapest and key to the Lake Balaton defenses of Austria.

I DARE SAY —
Bumped

By Florence Fisher Parry

U.S. AIMS TO ‘BIG NAMES’ IN TAX INQUIRY
Those living off ‘tips’ also face probe

Indictments due, official says

Rural PAC planned by farmers’ union

Action follows defeat of Aubrey Williams

ONLY RIFLE FIRE OPPOSES PATTON’S RHINE CROSSING
Night surprise push likened to maneuvers

150 Nazis captured in first few hours
By Robert Richards, United Press staff writer

Ground battle ‘colossal,’ say Yank airmen

Bombers, fighters stream to Germany

German patrols repulsed in Italy

Editorial: Soldier students

Editorial: Unpublicized snub

Edson: Low-cost clothes order has its complications

By Peter Edson