Gen. LeMay: B-29s running out of Jap targets
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The Syonan Shimbun (June 21, 1945)
Nippon units recapture strategic height in southern Okinawa sector
Fighting said developing into melee
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Nippon units still active on Saipan
Lisbon (Domei, June 20) – Scattered Japanese resistance groups on Saipan Island in the Marianas are still continuing to offer resistance after nearly one year of the American occupation, American Feet Admiral Chester Nimitz’s Headquarters disclosed today in a dispatch from Guam.
The dispatch said that American troops on Saipan have been engaging the Japanese in night operations since May 27.
Nippon Army feared
Lisbon (Domei, June 20) – “Other armies say that they will fight to the last man but it is only the Japanese Army that does it,” General Sir William Slim, Commander of the 14th Army in Burma, declared at a press conference in London yesterday, according to a Reuters dispatch.
Truman on west coast
Lisbon (Domei, June 20) – American President Harry Truman yesterday arrived in Olympia, Washington, by plane from the American capital for a brief visit after which he will go to San Francisco to address the closing session of the San Francisco Conference, according to an American dispatch.
Kärntner Nachrichten (June 21, 1945)
Für einen Pakt Großbritannien-Frankreich
Aussprache über die Levante-Frage in der französischen beratenden Versammlung
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Nouveau débarquement australien à Bornéo
Les troupes australiennes ont effectué un nouveau débarquement au sud-ouest de Brunei (partie nord-ouest de Bornéo). Elles ont avancé de plusieurs kilomètres.
Des progrès importants ont été réalisés dans l’ile de Luçon où les Américains ont franchi le Cagayan.
La radio japonaise reconnait la perte d’Okinawa
Les Américains ont atteint la côte sud d’Okinawa en deux points. Débordés de toutes parts, les éléments japonais n’offrent guère de résistance sérieuse.
La radio japonaise a d’ailleurs constaté la perte de l’ile et souligné le danger qui en résulte pour la métropole.
Presidential News Conference
June 21, 1945, 10 a.m. EWT
Held in Gov. Mon C. Wallgren’s office in the Legislative Building at the State Capitol in Olympia, Washington
THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Ross–
Mr. Ross: Ladies and gentlemen, the same rules will prevail here as prevail at the Washington press conferences; that is to say, if the President says anything that is off the record, that means it may not be used at all. Anything else may be used, but may not be directly quoted; it may be paraphrased. For example, “he said that,” but it may not be put within quotation marks. If, however, he says that a particular thing may be quoted, then of course it may be. Generally speaking, what he says must be paraphrased, not put in quotation marks. That’s all.
THE PRESIDENT: All right.
The first thing I want to announce to you is that since the time of the closing of the San Francisco Conference has been extended over to next Tuesday, as announced from San Francisco last night, we will stop for three hours in Portland. We will leave here at 10 o’clock Monday morning and arrive in Portland around 11, and try to leave there about 12:30 or 10 o’clock, so as to arrive in San Francisco at 4 o’clock on Monday afternoon. That is for the reason that we feel we should pay visits to all the three Western states, and we have been urged for some time by the people in Portland, and by the Portland Oregonian, to stop there.
I have a telegram this morning from Lew Wallace, Chairman of the Democratic Committee of Oregon – I don’t know whether he is any kin to the fellow that wrote Ben Hur or not, but he signs his name the same way [laughter] – “I am very anxious about your three-hour stopover in Oregon. As Democratic National Committeeman representing the Pacific senior state of this Northwest” [looking around at Governor Wallgren, and laughing] – “it is my full duty to strenuously urge this stopover. Bring Mon along. We like him too.” [Laughter]
The San Francisco Conference seems to have accomplished its purpose, and as I told you before, the reason for the delay has been technical, and the fact that so many translations have to be made on the treaty and the translations have to be agreed on by all the interpreters. That is taking more time for the details than was anticipated, and that is the reason for the two-day delay; but I am very happy that the Conference has been a success, and all that we anticipated that it would be.
I want to read you just a short statement, which I will read very slowly, on how I feel about the Senate approval of the renewal of the trade agreements.
Mr. Ross: Mr. President, may I interrupt? This may be quoted.
THE PRESIDENT: This may be quoted directly, that’s right.
“The action of the Senate in approving the legislation to renew and strengthen the Trade Agreements Act–"
Q. Hold it a minute! [Laughter] “The action of the Senate in approving–?”
THE PRESIDENT: “The action of the Senate in approving the legislation to renew and strengthen the Trade Agreements Act is indeed gratifying.” [Pause] All ready?
Voices: Yes, sir.
THE PRESIDENT: “The revitalization” – here’s a $40 word – “the revitalization of this act places the United States squarely behind the principles of international trade cooperation, which must prevail in the interests of world peace and economic well-being. Trade cooperation, however, must go hand in hand with monetary and financial cooperation. I am confident that the Senate will also take favorable action on the Bretton Woods legislation dealing with these closely related subjects.”
I was informed last night that the final vote on passage of the bill was 54-21, which is very gratifying indeed. That is more than two-thirds, and a majority is all that was necessary.
I had an interview yesterday afternoon with the Governor of Alaska and Senator Magnuson, and discussed the completion of the Alaska highway up through the “Trench.” It requires a connection of about 600 miles to make that road complete from here to Fairbanks.
Q. Six hundred miles?
THE PRESIDENT: Six hundred miles. It’s a 600-mile gap to fill. It is, I think, absolutely essential that this construction be considered as a postwar project in which Canada, British Columbia, and the United States are all three interested. Senator Magnuson and Governor Gruening are very much interested in this program, and I think I will revitalize the Commission which has had that under consideration, and try to find a way to have that road constructed. It will require the cooperation of all three Governments to do it. Of course, the State of Washington and the Pacific Coast are vitally interested in that connection, and from the standpoint of the State of Missouri, so are we. [Laughter] Senator Magnuson was on that Commission before, and I think the Governor was, too. It’s a good project, and I shall support it.
Now, gentlemen, if you have any questions you want to ask, I will try to answer.
Q. Mr. President, there are stories in the eastern papers this morning getting rid of Mr. Ickes again, saying that Cap Krug is his possible successor. Do you anticipate any change in the post?
THE PRESIDENT: No, I don’t. That’s the first I heard of it, and it’s news to me. I haven’t discussed it with Mr. Ickes at all.
Q. Mr. President, a lot of people out here are interested in CVA. Have you any comment on that?
THE PRESIDENT: In what?
Q. The Columbia Valley Authority.
THE PRESIDENT: Yes. I am interested in it. I think the junior Senator from Washington, Mr. Hugh Mitchell, has introduced a bill for the Columbia Valley Authority, and I am for it.
Q. Mr. President, are there any other Cabinet changes in prospect?
THE PRESIDENT: None immediately anticipated.
Q. You told us to keep asking about Stettinius. We will ask you again, sir?
THE PRESIDENT: That’s all right. No change is contemplated immediately. I will let you know when that–anything of the kind takes place, with regard to any members of the Cabinet, I hope in plenty of time, so that you can get it in the paper.
Q. Mr. President, is there any contemplated change in the dis, charge system, the lowering of the draft, or discharge ages?
THE PRESIDENT: None that I know of. That is strictly a military affair, and will be handled by the War and Navy Departments without interference from me. I think they have handled it, so far, in good shape.
Q. Mr. President, could you tell us anything about your plans for General Eisenhower?
THE PRESIDENT: I have no plans except that General Eisenhower is going back to finish his job in Germany. General Eisenhower is entitled to most anything he wants, and I want to help him get it. [Laughter] He is a grand gentleman, and an able leader, and a diplomat as well. An unusual combination in a military man.
Q. Mr. President, how long do you suppose it will be required for General Eisenhower to remain in Germany?
THE PRESIDENT: Your guess is as good as mine. I don’t know. That is one of the things that will be settled at the conference of the Big Three, I hope.
Q. Mr. President, at the future meeting of the Big Three, do you consider Olympia as a suitable meeting place?
THE PRESIDENT: It will be an ideal place. [Laughter]
Q. Is there anything new on any Big Three plans that you could tell us?
THE PRESIDENT: No. I don’t know of a thing that I can announce on it now.
Q. Have you decided definitely whether it will be possible to make the Mackinac Governors’ Conference?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, due to this extended stay out here, and the fact that the situation in Missouri is one in which I must take a part, the Governors’ Conference may be in some doubt at present, but I am going to still try to make it, if I can. That will depend altogether on the business situation from the Presidential standpoint in Washington, by the time I get through in Independence. Although I am in close touch with everything that is going on back in Washington, it may be necessary for me to be present personally in Washington to sign papers and things of that sort.
Q. Mr. President, Mr. Hoover issued a lengthy statement about the food situation last night. He said that he thought the controls on meat distribution and meat prices had broken down completely. What is your reaction to that, sir?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, I don’t care to make any comment. When the Food Administrator takes charge, I think things will straighten out automatically.
Q. Is there any likelihood of your visiting Fort Lewis while you are here?
THE PRESIDENT: Only by proxy. My military aide probably will go over there. I have visited Fort Lewis and nearly every camp in the United States at one time or another within the last 3½ years, and while I would like to visit Fort Lewis, the Governor and I have other things in contemplation besides inspection trips. [Laughter]
Q. What about Seattle, Mr. President? Will you visit there?
THE PRESIDENT: Well, I looked at Seattle from the air, and as I say, I visited Seattle on a number of occasions, and I think I am entitled to just a few days’ vacation, and I would like to spend a vacation in Seattle, so far as that is concerned, but Olympia is a lovely place. [Laughter]
[13.] Q. Mr. President, touching on the food situation again, do you think the food situation will improve a great deal when the new Administrator takes over?
THE PRESIDENT: There isn’t any question about that. We are working on that constantly all the time. This is no reflection on the present Administrator, who would straighten it out under him just the same. We are working constantly on it, and I hope we will get it straightened out. Mr. Hoover was helpful in the conversations I had with him on the subject, and I appreciated what he had to say. I haven’t read his statement; therefore, that is the reason I can’t comment on it.
Q. Mr. President, will your visit to Portland be limited to the airport, or will you go into the city proper?
THE PRESIDENT: Just speaking as I anticipate the thing, we will probably land at Portland about 11 o’clock and if they want to take a drive through the streets for a half hour or an hour, whatever they think is necessary, I can probably do that, and then come back and get aboard the plane and go on to San Francisco. It’s just a courtesy call on the part of the President, on account of the urgings we had from the various people in Oregon, due to the fact that they claim to be the senior State in the Northwest. [Laughter] How about that?
Governor Wallgren: Too many arguments taking care of Missouri.
Q. Going to pay respects?
THE PRESIDENT: That’s right. That is the intention exactly.
Q. Reversing the process?
THE PRESIDENT: Reversing the process. [Laughter]
Q. Mr. President, could you give us some comment on Admiral Nimitz’s statement this morning, that the Japs have finally been completely defeated at Okinawa?
THE PRESIDENT: That is all I know about it. That is only the-- what the Admiral has said, and I of course am very happy that they are finally defeated. I understand that there are still some mopping-up operations that will be required, just as always is the case; but we are in complete possession of Okinawa, and it will be the base from which we will make it more “pleasant” for the Japanese in Japan.
Q. Mr. President, is there any possibility of a single control of food prices and food administration generally?
THE PRESIDENT: That is what we are trying to arrive at now. I hope so.
Reporter: Thank you, Mr. President. [Some hurried exits]
THE PRESIDENT: You’re welcome. It’s nice to be with you.
Q. Mr. President, may we have an afterthought? Did you mean to say that prices and food control would be under one head?
THE PRESIDENT: No, no. I meant.
Q. Misunderstanding?
THE PRESIDENT: I didn’t mean to convey that thought at all. I intended to have them in balance. That is the objective all the way along.
The Pittsburgh Press (June 21, 1945)
OKINAWA RESISTANCE ENDS
Stilwell new Tenth Army head
Preparations started for American landing on Japan, Tokyo says
GUAM (UP) – The U.S. Tenth Army has won the battle of Okinawa after 82 days of the bloodiest fighting of the Pacific war, Adm. Chester W. Nimitz announced today.
Simultaneously, Gen. Douglas MacArthur, in a surprise move, appointed Gen. Joseph “Vinegar Joe” Stilwell, chief of U.S. Army Ground Forces, to command the victorious Tenth Army in the Battle of Japan.
Radio Tokyo said the United States apparently has already begun preparations for a “direct invasion of the Japanese mainland.”
Adm. Nimitz’s brief, triumphant communiqué reported that all organized Jap resistance on Okinawa, hard-won stepping-stone island only 330 miles southwest of Japan, ended today.
“Remnants of the enemy garrison in two small pockets in the southern portion of the island are being mopped up,” the communiqué said.
Only yesterday, Marines and Doughboys of the Tenth Army had split diehard enemy remnants into three separate death pockets. Adm. Nimitz’s announcement indicated one of the three pockets since had been wiped out and the others made powerless.
Total Jap casualties were not announced immediately. But they were believed well above the 90,000 mark. A total of 87,343 Jap dead had been counted through Tuesday and 2,565 other enemy troops had surrendered.
American casualties have not been tallied for publication since May 24. Then they totaled 35,116 in the Army, Marine Corps and Navy, including 9,602 dead.
It was a costly campaign for the U.S. fleet as 31 ships, mostly smaller units, were sunk, and 54, including four large units, were damaged.
Top other invasions
At that time, the American casualties already had exceeded those suffered in the invasions of Tarawa, Iwo and Saipan. previously the most costly in the Pacific campaign.
Conquest of the island gave the Americans an island base 60 miles long with a number of air bases and sufficient ground area to mass hundreds of thousands of troops for the invasion of Japan.
The return of Gen. Stilwell, one of America’s most experienced Far Eastern warriors, to a field command for the big Pacific battles to come was announced by Gen. MacArthur in Manila in his new capacity as commander of all Army forces in the Pacific.
Headed by MacArthur
Okinawa at present is under the overall operational command of Adm. Chester W. Nimitz. But Gen. MacArthur’s new post leaves the selection of local Army commanders to him.
Gen. Stilwell will succeed Lt. Gen. Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr. who was killed in action on Okinawa Monday as he watched his forces carve up the Jap remnants in the final phase of the campaign.
With the battle of Okinawa now officially concluded, Gen. Stilwell can concentrate on readying the combat-tested Tenth Army for the next stage of the Pacific war. A Manila dispatch said it was a virtual certainty that he would be one of the top commanders for the conquest of Japan.
Touring fronts
He is at present somewhere in the Pacific on a tour of battlefronts and training areas. He will take over his new command as soon as he can reach Okinawa, Manila said.
Gen. Stilwell has already conferred at length with both Gen. MacArthur and Adm. Nimitz during his Pacific tour on the strategy of the battle of Japan. He inspected the Tenth Army on a stopover at Okinawa earlier this month.
While at Okinawa, Gen. Stilwell told newsmen that the United States would need an army of at least 500,000 men to involve Japan. He warned that the war may last mother two years if the Japs choose to fight to the end in North China and Manchuria.
Chance for revenge
His new post will give him a long-sought opportunity for revenge. He had to walk from Burma to India with the remnants of British and Chinese forces in 1942 after taking what he called a “hell of a beating” at the hands of the Japs.
He subsequently was made American commander in China, Burma and India, chief of staff to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and deputy commander of the Southeast Asia Theater under Adm. Lord Louis Mountbatten.
While in Chungking and India, he helped plan the liberation of Burma, the building of the Ledo supply road to China which later was given his name, and the reopening of the old Burma Road.
Split with Chiang
Subsequent differences of opinion with Gen. Chiang led to Gen. Stilwell’s recall to Washington last October, where he was given command of U.S. Army ground forces.
Gen, Stilwell’s new appointment leaves open the post of Ground Forces commander. Adm. Nimitz gave Maj Gen. Roy S. Geiger of the Marines command of ground forces in the Ryukyus after Gen. Buckner’s death. But he expressly left vacant the Tenth Army command because he said it was the Army’s responsibility.
Radio Tokyo said informed quarters in the Jap capital reported American preparations underway “for their next operations, which in all probability will involve direct invasion” of Japan.
Cites B-29 raids
Tokyo cited these signs of American intentions:
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B-29 raids on small as well as large Jap cities point to an attempt to destroy the country’s transportation network and factories in a prelude to invasion.
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More than 100 American transports are at anchor in the American-won Kerama Islands southwest of Okinawa and two naval task forces have appeared near Miyako Island, farther southwest.
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Gen. Douglas MacArthur’s establishment of a Western Pacific Command indicates that large bases are to be set up for the assembly of personnel and material for an invasion of Japan.
Build blast furnaces
A Tokyo broadcast said Japan was rushing the construction of portable electric blast furnaces to convert the scrap from bomb-devastated cities into grenades and other weapons to “smite the enemy invaders.”
Field dispatches from Okinawa said the last surviving Jap civilian and troops on the island were milling about frantically in wild confusion under murderous American tank, anti-tank, machine-gun and small-arms fire.
Began Easter Sunday
The battle of Okinawa began on the morning of April 1, Easter Sunday. Gen. Buckner led his troops ashore on the western coast.
Jap opposition was so negligible as to cause wonderment. The reason came a few weeks later when the Americans began – striking southward – the Japs had pulled back to a powerful defense line in the south.
Prior to the landings on the island, which lies 900 miles from Tokyo and 510 from Shanghai, the U.S. 77th Infantry Division had driven into the Kerama Islands on March 26 and won six of them, wiping out bases from which the Japs could have launched flanking attacks on the main force going into Okinawa.
Thirty hours after the invasion, the Americans had cut through to Okinawa’s east coast. By April 18, the northern end of the island – which is 65 miles long and two to 18 miles in width – had been reached and three-fourths of Okinawa was ours.
Capture Yonabaru field
The other one-fourth of the island, however, turned out to be the bloodiest battlefield of the Pacific war.
On May 14, the Americans launched a major attack southward and quickly won the east coast airfield of Yonabaru. That gave them four fields – Machinato, Yonabaru, Yontan and Kadena – and later they won the main Naha airfield. Tokyo has since reported a total of 15 fields now in operation on Okinawa and nearby Ie Island.
On May 29, the Americans broke into the fortress city of Shuri, central anchor of the Jap line, and also seized the west coast capital city of Naha. That was the beginning of the end. By June 6, the Americans had taken Naha Airfield south of the capital and the Japs were falling back to the Yaeju-Dake plateau, the last Jap defense position on the island.