Editorial: Our way of life
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Background of news –
Surrender, new style
By Bertram Benedict
The impending surrender of Germany will be unlike any other after a war of modern times. “Unconditional surrender” was the demand on Lee by Grant but, as is noted below, the peace of the Civil War came after negotiations. Moreover, the war had been fought on the right of the secession; when the South was defeated, that issue was automatically settled.
Napoleon twice was offered peace before French soil was invaded, peace which would have left him in power. The peace with Germany in 1918 was a negotiated one.
The Italian war against Ethiopia ended without negotiation after the capture of Addis Ababa, and in the Spanish Civil War, there was no negotiation after the capture of Madrid in 1939. But in the first case, the war was fought solely for complete annexation, about which there could obviously be no negotiation, and in the second case, the rebels fought to capture the government, and their victory obviously precluded the need of negotiating.
How wars end
The methods by which great modern wars, beginning with the American Revolution, came to an end might be thus summarized:
1783, American Revolution: The peace negotiations covered almost two years. The American negotiators, at first instructed not to consider a separate peace (that is, one without the participation of America’s ally, France), disregarded the instructions. England was making peace so as to concentrate on her war against France and Spain.
1814, the War of 1812: The peace was negotiated.
1814-1815, the Napoleonic Wars: Late in 1813, the Allies had offered Napoleon peace which did not involve his abdication and which gave France the Rhine as a boundary. Early in 1814, before Paris was taken, the Allies again negotiated with the French dictator, offering to let France have the boundaries of 1792. Each time Napoleon was obdurate.
1847, the Mexican War: The peace was negotiated, although for a time after the capture of Mexico City it seemed that no Mexican government would exist with which to treat, and a strong movement developed in the United States for annexing all of Mexico.
End of the Civil War
1865, the American Civil War: In 1864, President Lincoln had empowered Horace Greeley, at the latter’s insistence, to meet with Confederate envoys at Niagara Falls, to see if they would agree to restoration of the Union and the abolition of slavery. In February 1865, two months prior to Appomattox, Lincoln and Secretary of State Seward met three Confederate envoys on a ship in Hampton Roads to explore peace possibilities. After Lee surrendered, Johnston surrendered his force only after 14 days of negotiation.
1871, the Franco-German War: After the capture of Napoleon III and the capitulation of Paris, the peace was negotiated with the new French Republic.
1898, the Spanish-American War: The peace was negotiated.
1905, the Russo-Japanese War: The peace was negotiated in the United States, under the mediation of President Theodore Roosevelt.
1918, World War I: Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey surrendered unconditionally, but Germany only after almost two months of negotiations. It was agreed that the peace terms would follow President Wilson’s peace principles, with two exceptions. The separate German-Russian peace of March 1918 had also been negotiated.
Curtailed workweek at Ford regarded as key to reconversion
WMC permits 8-hour slash to avert layoff of 16,000 – Willow Run not affected
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WLB awaiting Lewis’ reply to new order
Seizure of mines move delayed
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Old Nazi gang ain’t what it used to be
Wednesday, May 2, 1945
LONDON, England (UP) – A rollcall of the old Nazi gang today would read like this:
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Adolf Hitler: Germans say he is dead.
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Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels: Believed to be in Berlin where, if he is not dead as some London circles report, his fate certainly is sealed.
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Reich Marshal Hermann Goering: Germans said he was pushed out because of bad health, but he is probably dead, too.
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Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop: Ousted today by Adm. Doenitz. He had been unheard of for some time.
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Rudolf Hess: Still captive in Britain.
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Deputy Fuehrer Martin Bormann: Unheard of recently.
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Gestapo Chief Henrich Himmler: Last seen in Luebeck. Significantly not mentioned in reports of Hitler’s death and Doenitz’s succession. Believed he may die in Berlin also.
Frontline chaplain –
Sects mean little to men in foxholes
By Sally MacDougall, Scripps-Howard staff writer
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Gracie Allen Reporting
By Gracie Allen
Well, I’m back home from the World Security Conference, and am I proud of my cities – San Francisco where I was born, and Los Angeles, that big suburb of Beverly Hills where I live.
I just knew it would be a Los Angeles man who’d be the first to meet the Russians. They met in the heart of Germany, and that, as the old saying goes, is practically within the Los Angeles city limits.
That certainly was a joyous occasion. It couldn’t have been more dramatic if it had been arranged by the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce. The Los Angeles-Russian meeting, by the way, has perked up our Chamber of Commerce as rain does a wilted flower. It wasn’t feeling so hot when San Francisco drew the world conference – but now California is happy at both ends.
Sunshine fashions are practically designed
California bareback dress disguised with jackets adaptable to street
By Maxine Garrison
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