America at war! (1941–) – Part 5

1681

parry3

I DARE SAY —
The old, old fashion – death

By Florence Fisher Parry

If I should die before I wake
I pray thee, Lord, my soul to take.

Death is so simple and quiet and ordinary. It comes to many while they sleep. They sigh, they let go, they are dead. And the pulse of life goes on, losing only the infinitesimal beat of one heart, now through with its labor.

Such a death without pain or struggle came to our President. It is a boon which God grants to the great, it would seem. He makes the going easy. Wilson died so. Lincoln. Wendell Willkie. A slipping away, a soft silent merging, as a river slips its water into the sea…

And in contemplation of this ancient miracle the mind of the world stands hushed today, the solemn shock of the President’s death eased by reminder of the mercy and pity of God that He should have lifted the burden of life so gently from our wearying leader.

And the comfort comes; if death is so simple a transfer; if the veil is so thin between this world and that. Other that one can slip through so gently – surely then, there can be little difference between them; they are borne on the same current, there is no break in the flow… the banks merely grow wider, wider, until they disappear and one is embarked on the sea…

I think of what Charles Dickens called it – The Old, Old Fashion. The old, old fashion – Death. So very old, so common.

The waste

And it is curious. Death being the certitude it is, that it should be regarded as such a convulsion, such unnatural tragedy. Surely, we knew our President was failing in health. By slow reluctant inches he had been dying this long time now. Do we not believe our eyes?

But no, we are gamblers, we in America. We risked his life, thinking it could be charmed into some kind of extension. Our shock that we lost the gamble should give us pause, provide reminder never again to trifle with the fate of nations and peoples.

Such shock came at Lincoln’s death – but it was violent, a dislocation, something unnatural. In his case, too, there had been made no provision. Who remembers (ask the man on the street) who succeeded him?

And we paid for that improvidence.

We cannot afford to keep on pacing such price…

Now the nation is bowed in grief and panic sweeps through the souls of those too long used to dependence on one man. This is a penalty deserved; who shall say we husbanded what alternates were offered us to keep in reserve? We have been wasteful of strong men, we know that now.

But there are some who remain. Give them growing room. This is the greatest land on earth to grow big men in. There need not be “a lonely place against the sky” if other lordly cedars are given room to spread their branches, too.

I am thinking of these men, and the hurried emergency call upon their greatness now! Let them arise from the mourning bench, when the day of mourning is over, and stand erect each one, and proffer their unpurchasable souls to their country never so much in need of them as now!

We are America

They are in our Congress. They are in our Cabinet. They are in places of power in Industry. They are – yes – they are in our political bodies, some of them still honest, wanting to strain loose from the toils of political corruption. They are in labor, trying to match their decent strategy against the gangster rackets of the czars. They are on our Main Streets, that last stronghold of small Enterprise. They are on the farms and in the pulpits and in our science laboratories. Call them the Unpurchasables.

If they arise and serve, there is nothing to fear. But we need them, every one, a solid front of good Americans to face the Questioners who, from all countries, are ever now converging upon us with the uneasy query: Now that you have lost your leader, WHAT?

We mourn, but we dare not despair. We are America, invincible even in our sorrow.

1682

Luzon Yanks near Jap headquarters

Drive within three miles of Baguio

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1683

Guffey confident of new President

WASHINGTON – U.S. Sen. Joseph F. Guffey (D-Pennsylvania), who organized Pennsylvania Democrats in support of President Roosevelt’s first presidential nomination in 1932 and took rank as “Pennsylvania’s No. 1 New Dealer,” said today President Harry S. Truman will “carry forward the Roosevelt policy, both domestic and foreign.”

Mr. Guffey added:

In the death of President Roosevelt, mankind has lost its truest friend. The nation and the world are eternally enriched by the life of Franklin Roosevelt.

He died on the eve of his greatest triumph, for it is unthinkable that the San Francisco conference will end in anything but success. That should be his greatest and lasting monument.

It is a great satisfaction to know that our new President, Harry Truman, is so fully equipped for the heavy duties that have so suddenly come upon him, and it is reassurance for the world that he will carry forward the Roosevelt policy, both domestic and foreign.

“I am confident President Truman will have the support of every loyal American,” Sen. Guffey concluded.

1684

Oilman denies ‘affair’ with Joan

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1685

Many ‘firsts’ chalked up by Roosevelt

Vast powers gained by federal government

WASHINGTON (UP) – Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 31st President of the United Sates, guided American destiny through 12 of the most momentous years in history.

Years that made the federal government a vastly more powerful instrument affecting the welfare of everyone.

Years that carried the nation into its greatest wars and close to victory in Europe.

First President to fly

Mr. Roosevelt held the nation’s highest office longer than any man and was first to be elected to third and fourth terms.

He was the first President to fly.

He visited more foreign countries on the business of his office than any President before him.

He was the first President to leave the country in wartime.

His administration spent more money, taxed higher than any in history.

Loved and hated

But above all, he made of the federal government the most potent force of the American people. Some like this, some didn’t, to some, he was the champion of the “forgotten man.” To others, he was the hated man whose policies they regarded as destroying free enterprise.

Each of his terms was filled with drama. They began with dark depression and the first two were marked by major domestic reforms.

The last two found him an active war leader, making dangerous trips across ocean and continents to map strategy first-hand with leaders of the United Nations.

New Deal is born

Hardly had he taken his first oath when he called Congress into special session for what proved to be the famous “100 days” birth of the New Deal.

He took the United States off the gold standard, devalued the dollar to approximately 60 percent of its former worth.

Then, under his sponsorship, reform legislation flowed out of the halls of Congress in a steady stream. From these came the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, with power to curtail crops; the National Recovery Administration, which placed unprecedented controls on business, big and little; the Public Works Administration and the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, designed to care for the needy and to “prime” the pump of the nation’s depressed economic machinery.

Under fire, too

As new agency after agency piled up on the governmental pyramid, the New Deal of President Roosevelt began to find itself under fire. Its critics charged the government was seeking to regiment the people and the economic life of the country. Court tests of the constitutionality of some New Deal measures were instituted.

The Supreme Court held the NRA unconstitutional. It held the same for the crop control provisions of the AAA.

Undaunted, the President went on with his reform, program.

In 1937 came the “court-packing” incident which caused the most bitter intraparty strife of the President’s administration up to that time. He asked Congress for authority to add six justices to the Supreme Court if the Court’s members over 70 did not resign.

The President lost out on this one. Congress rebound. But he accomplished his purpose when the older conservative justices resigned one by one and he named their successors.

Sought to avert war

Few if any Presidents were more keenly alert to world developments than Mr. Roosevelt. During the series of international crises which preceded the present war, he resorted to every diplomatic device to head off the almost inevitable world conflict.

When Germany marched into Poland, and Britain and France declared war, he reconvened Congress. After six weeks of wild debate, Congress approved Mr. Roosevelt’s first national defense program.

He lifted the arms embargo, permitting Britain and France to place large orders for armaments here. He proclaimed a limited state of national emergency, instituted a neutrality patrol of coastal waters, and added to the manpower of the Armed Forces.

Lend-Lease follows

Later came the Lend-Lease Act, which permitted large-scale material aid to the Allies even before the United States was itself at war. In August 1941, he met at sea with Prime Minister Churchill and framed the Atlantic Charter.

Finally, the Japs tipped the scales at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.

The United States found itself at war not only with Japan but with Germany and its satellites.

After this, he met with the wartime leaders of the United Nations here and abroad. He went to Canada, to North Africa, to Egypt and to the Crimea to confer with Churchill, Stalin and Chiang Kai-shek.

He died at 63, just as victory over Germany appeared near at hand and as American fighting men were knocking at Japan’s front gates.

1686

Cabinet to regain powers under Truman leadership

Roosevelt’s group merely carried out policies which ere decreed by President
By Charles T. Lucey, Scripps-Howard staff writer

WASHINGTON – A reemergence of the President’s cabinet as a stronger, more influential part of the government is one of the first changes forecast for President Truman’s administration.

The reasons for this flow from the vast differences in personality and characteristics between Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman.

Mr. Roosevelt came to Washington a dominant, powerful figure, full of ideas for his New Deal in American social progress. He himself and the little group of brain-trusters about him developed the policies and his cabinet took a secondary role.

Cabinet members didn’t formulate such policy, they were instead administrators of departments which carried out policies Mr. Roosevelt himself decreed. The President was always regarded as being pretty much his own Secretary of State, even when Cordell Hull held that office, and in considerable degree this held for the other cabinet departments.

But with President Truman, those who know him believe, the story will be different.

Good record

Mr. Truman comes into the presidency with a record as the capable and courageous head of a Senate War Investigating Committee. which has done a superior job. But, say his friends, he realizes well that there are many areas in the vast field of government in which he has had little experience, and here he will rely heavily on men who know these subjects.

Hence Cabinet members and agency heads will have greater influence in their own right than in the last 12 years, it is reasoned, and so some personnel changes are being predicted.

James F. Byrnes flew in from South Carolina to meet the President yesterday and he said afterward that, as private citizen James F. Byrnes he had offered his help to Mr. Truman. Already the signs point to his being Secretary of State to succeed Edward R. Stettinius.

Hannegan for Walker?

President Truman, in the first hour after Mr. Roosevelt’s death had become known here, asked the present Cabinet to remain. But changes are considered pretty certain. At this stage, it is hardly more than speculation, but the names of fervent New Dealers like Secretary of Labor Perkins, Secretary of the Interior Ickes and Attorney General Biddle are always at the top in this speculation.

Another shift frequently mentioned as possible would put Democratic National Chairman Robert E. Hannegan into Postmaster General Frank Walker’s place.

Wallace’s position

Henry Wallace is expected to stay as Secretary of Commerce. But for a long time, the liberal group in the Roosevelt camp has talked up Mr. Wallace as the man they want to support for the presidency in 1948. If this move ripens into something approaching an obvious candidacy, it probably would be difficult for Mr. Wallace to remain in the Truman Cabinet.

Mr. Roosevelt always had a little group of close-in advisers between him and the Cabinet – Tommy Corcoran, Ben Cohen, Ray Moley and others in the early days, and Harry Hopkins and Judge Sam Rosenman in later days. Often Cabinet members resented it, but couldn’t do much about it. The odds are now that many of the old FDR advisers will fade from the scene.

On his first day as President, Mr. Truman went back to Capitol Hill to have lunch with his Senate colleagues, and that, too, betokens a new trend – closer relations between the White House and the Congress.

1687

Truman friend of small business

Convinced of menace of ‘monopolies’
By John W. Love, Scripps-Howard staff writer

WASHINGTON – If President Truman has developed his ideas in the economic field, they include the belief the government ought to do all it can to foster small business. In particular, government ought to make sure the war-built plants in the Midwest are kept in operation after reconversion.

Mr. Truman as a Senator was convinced of the menace of “big business.” Monopoly appears to be primarily a regional concept in his mind. Monopoly to him is also bigness and power, but so far as he has expressed his ideas of what should be done about it, they run to regional solutions. He has also favored such things as competitive bidding for railroad securities.

Good experience

Certainly, few men have had a better opportunity to obtain a vast insight in the detail of American production. His Senate Investigating Committee examined the record of steel, rubber, aircraft, light metals, oil, ships and building construction, and paraded a great quantity of facts.

If an intimate examination of industry can produce a man sympathetic with the problems of production, then this country never had a man of the same preparation in the presidency.

Or if Hugh Fulton, who directed the inquiry, is the one who acquired the broader knowledge in that realm, then Mr. Fulton’s association with Mr. Truman would amount to the same thing. But Mr. Truman was ever the investigator of war production, never its organizer or leader, and the country will not know for some time what climate he will seek for American enterprise.

Inflation fight true test

Probably the greatest test of his resolution in domestic problems will be found in the degree to which he guides the fight on inflation. Pressures for higher prices and wages are tremendous. A new man in office, no matter how capable, will find the struggle harder than did his predecessor The end of the war in Europe will intensify it.

How far will Mr. Truman be able to resist the inevitable clamor for removal of controls on materials and price as soon as Germany collapses? Will he make sure that goods again flow in full measure before he lifts the restraints?

Trumans to live in Blair House

WASHINGTON (UP) – President and Mrs. Harry S. Truman will move within a few days to Blair House, the official government menage for visitors of state, and will remain there until the Roosevelt family has had time to move from the White House to Hyde Park.

Blair House is a famous, century-old mansion across the street from the White House. It has served as guest house for visiting foreign dignitaries since 1942.

1688

Fulton hinted as successor to Hopkins

Young lawyer has Truman’s confidence

WASHINGTON (UP) – A little more than four years ago when Harry S. Truman of Missouri was appointed chairman of the Senate’s new Special War Investigating Committee, he sought a counsel who would neither “smear nor whitewash” war activities under committee scrutiny.

He asked the Justice Department to recommend a man. The Department said that Hugh Fulton, a special assistant to the Attorney General in the Criminal Division, would fill the bill.

Yesterday, Hugh Fulton was the first man to confer with President Truman as he took over the Chief Executive’s office at the White House.

New job for Fulton

Mr. Fulton spent an hour with Mr. Truman. He would not talk about it afterward, but that the meeting at such a critical hour started a strong thread of speculation running through official Washington.

The talk was that Mr. Fulton would resume his former role as a close and trusted adviser to Mr. Truman – this time in the White House instead of the Senate. There were rumors that he might become President Truman’s “Harry Hopkins.”

Before March 1941, when the “Truman Committee” was established by the Senate, Mr. Fulton and Mr. Truman had never met. But when they did, the Senator from Missouri was impressed. Mr. Fulton got the job.

Fulton not yet 37

Mr. Fulton remained with the committee until Mr. Truman resigned the chairmanship to campaign for the vice presidency last year. The chief counsel resigned at the same time but remained with Mr. Truman as his political adviser during the political campaign. Mr. Fulton then went into private law practice.

Big, boyish-looking, fair complexioned and mild-spoken, Hugh Fulton is not yet 37. He was born in North Baltimore, Ohio, May 24, 1908. Although a hefty fellow, Mr. Fulton has been ruled physically unfit for military service.

Educated at Michigan U

President Truman won national prominence as head of the Senate’s war effort investigations. But he always gave Mr. Fulton a substantial share of credit for the committee’s success.

Mr. Fulton joined the Justice Department in 1940 after serving as an executive assistant to the U.S. Attorney in New York for a year. Before that, he was in private law practice with a firm in New York. He was educated at the University of Michigan.

1689

Eden may sound Truman on early meeting of ‘Big Three’

Churchill, Stalin believed desirous of discussing situation with new premier

WASHINGTON (UP) – British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden, who came here by plane for Franklin D. Roosevelt’s funeral today, may take an early opportunity to sound out President Truman on the idea of an early meeting of the new “Big Three.”

The question of a new Polish government and the rapid approach of victory in Europe are creating new problems and Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Marshal Joseph Stalin may want to survey the situation personally with their new partner.

Mr. Eden was sent here as Churchill’s personal representative at the Roosevelt funeral. Before he leaves Washington, he will talk with the new President about the role in international affairs that Mr. Roosevelt had carved out for the United States.

No change in policy

Mr. Truman has already assured his allies and the world that his foreign policies will be those of Franklin D. Roosevelt. He did so by retaining Secretary of State Edward B. Stettinius Jr., and the rest of the Roosevelt cabinet. And yesterday he formalized it by authorizing Stettinius to state: “There will be no change of purpose or break of continuity in the foreign policy of the United States government.”

That policy falls into two broad categories: (1) making certain that Nazism or Prussian militarism never again can threaten the peace of the world; (2) creating a world organization to preserve world peace and permanently outlaw the forces of aggression.

First major test

The first major test of the new administration will be at the World Security Conference in San Francisco April 25. It will mark the first time that Mr. Stettinius will be, in effect, on his own.

Mr. Truman is first to admit that he is a neophyte in the field of foreign affairs. But he will have the help of men who have been closely associated with the late President – Harry Hopkins, who served as a special Roosevelt emissary on many important occasions, and James F. Byrnes and Mr. Stettinius, who were at the recent Yalta Conference.

Mr. Roosevelt had planned to open the conference. The new President is now being urged to attend to allay any feeling that he feels less strongly about the great project.

Before the conference opens, Mr. Truman may come fact to face with a diplomatic problem that had plagued the Roosevelt administration – the Polish question. Attempts to form a new Polish government have bogged down and, barring a miracle, Poland will not be represented at San Francisco for the opening.

Many of the plans Mr. Roosevelt had for the future in foreign affairs were drafted in his historic meetings with Stalin and Churchill. It will be one of Mr. Truman’s most difficult jobs to step into that spot and carry on.

1690

Jap diplomat lauds Roosevelt

By the United Press

A former Jap diplomat in a signed editorial in one of Tokyo’s newspapers today termed the late President Roosevelt “one of the world’s great leaders” and acknowledged that the Pacific War would be fought “to a finish.”

The statement, a reversal of previous Jap propaganda which had blamed the Pacific War primarily on Mr. Roosevelt, was made by Kumatoro Honda, former Jap Ambassador to Germany and China, broadcast by Radio Tokyo. In a signed editorial in the newspaper Nippon Shimbun, Honda said:

Roosevelt has died but the design he made for world hegemony will not, I think, change… Roosevelt’s death is purely an American internal affair and will have no bearing on the war against Japan.

No matter who may succeed Roosevelt or even his successor will carry on the war to a finish with Japan.

His death is a loss of one of the world’s great leaders and in that respect, it was not without a feeling of regret that I heard the news.

1691

Truman likely to give future Cabinet chiefs increased authority

President is also expected to appoint his own men to White House circle
By Lyle C. Wilson, United Press staff writer

WASHINGTON – Despite invitations to the Roosevelt Cabinet to “stay on,” Washington observers foresee a new political era dawning and a time of new political stars.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt is still dominant here, even in death. But this is his last appearance in Washington.

President Harry S. Truman joined today in the rites for the man who last July decided that he should have his chance to be Vice President of the United States.

Will have own men

After tomorrow, the complexion of this government will begin to change as the man from Missouri and his men take over.

There is talk already of “going back to Cabinet government.” That means a Cabinet of stronger men on the average than Mr. Roosevelt was accustomed to have around him. They would be men who would expect to participate more full, in forming the policy than the late President sometimes permitted his official councilors to do.

The unofficial Cabinet will change too, in time, and Mr. Truman will have his own men around him.

Peace stressed

Fundamental in the policies of the Truman administration as in that of Mr. Roosevelt is the determination to obtain an agreement to maintain the peace.

The new President will make his first formal declaration of policy Monday in an address before a joint session of the Congress. He will speak in the chamber of the House but his words will be directed to the people of the United States and beyond them to the world.

On Tuesday, he will address the armed services by radio with a pledge to carry on the war they have so nearly won in the West and which they are winning in the East.

Victory is first

He will accompany that pledge with a promise that this nation will take its part in seeking to maintain peace, once we get it. But licking Germany and Japan is the immediate order of business.

Already established in the executive offices of the White House, the new President will attend the funeral of his predecessor in the East Room where some 200 of the senior domestic and foreign offices and some of their immediate families will gather.

The President and perhaps his wife and daughter will travel north tonight to Hyde Park where Squire Roosevelt will be buried tomorrow morning.

Secretary aide mentioned

Among the men around Truman who will have great influence, in this new administration if they want it, is Leslie Biffle, the slight, quiet secretary of the Senate who has known the new President intimately for 10 years.

Mr. Biffle is one of the few persons in Washington with a real passion for anonymity. His long service as secretary to the Democratic majority and recently as secretary of the Senate has equipped him better than most men to keep the President informed of the temper of Congress.

There is Hugh Fulton, who was counsel to the Truman committee which investigated the administration’s conduct of the war. A boyish-looking man of about 37 years, he is already on the White House scene. Max Lowenthal was an aide in earlier investigations.

Byrnes offers services

There are Sam O’Neal. former St. Louis and Washington newspaper reporter who now is publicity director of the Democratic National Committee, and Robert E. Hannegan, the committee head.

James F. Byrnes has offered his services to the President in a private capacity. Mr. Byrnes long was Mr. Roosevelt’s most effective spokesman in the Senate.

Mr. Roosevelt placed him on the Supreme Court, then enticed him to the White House to be more active in winning the war. Mr. Byrnes resigned this month as director of the Office of War Mobilization.

More conservative

Mr. Byrnes is regarded as a “strong man.” The word is passing around Washington that the new President will want stronger men in certain positions. That there will! be Cabinet changes is assumed here almost without dissent.

Mr. Truman’s tendency to lean more to the conservative wing of the Democratic Party than did Mr. Roosevelt’s would seem to assure that.

It also is a fact that Mr. Truman concedes his lack of mastery of some matters which require executive decision. Mr. Roosevelt’s habit of acting as his own secretary of this or that when tough decisions were to be made is not one Mr. Truman is likely to adopt right away.

State Department watched

Foreign relations is a field in which he certainly is no expert. It remains to be seen, therefore, whether the team which Mr. Roosevelt placed in the State Department this year to carry out White House policies will be the team Mr. Truman will need to participate more fully in the making of policies before they have to be carried out.

There is no disposition to underrate Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, but one fact stands out.

Mr. Stettinius, a young man, is next in line of succession to the Presidency. Mr. Truman is a vigorous man who will be 61 years old next month. Even vigorous men die.

Strict party man

One of the things which endears Mr. Truman to many Democrats is that he not only is a strict party man, but a strict organization man, too.

Mr. Truman’s loyalty to his Democratic organization is as firm as that of James A. Farley, who used to be Mr. Roosevelt’s political manager.

Regular men are delighted to have an organization man in the White House. Mr. Roosevelt was not an organization man. His first exploit as a 28-year-old freshman member of the New York State Legislature was to lead a bolt against the party organization. Regular Democrats have been bemoaning Mr. Roosevelt’s party irregularity for years.

Liked in Congress

Mr. Stettinius is not an organization Democrat. either. The Democrats in Congress like Mr. Stettinius fine but they probably would be appalled at the idea of his succeeding to the party leadership.

In the more than 12 years that he was in office, Mr. Roosevelt personalized the executive departments. Around himself he gathered a little group of advisers who came and went, causing anxiety and mistrust among regular party men at every appearance Harry L. Hopkins is currently the best known of these.

Mr. Hopkins was Mr. Roosevelt’s confidante at the various international conferences in which the late President met with the leaders of other great nations. Now there is speculation that there will be another Big Three meeting soon. Mr. Hopkins probably would not be there. Mr. Byrnes would be a more likely choice.

Gets Yalta program

Some persons suggest that things have not gone so well as was expected after the Yalta Conference. If so, adjustment is in order and it might have to be made at the top. Mr. Byrnes outlined to Mr. Truman yesterday his inside slant on the Yalta meeting. He also discussed problems to be created by Germany’s imminent collapse.

It is suggested here that a meeting of the Big Three is indicated. An unchallenged fact is that Mr. Truman, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Marshal Joseph V. Stalin ultimately must decide on methods of Anglo-American-Soviet discussion of top priority matters. The question is whether Mr. Truman cares to continue the personal contact which so pleased Mr. Roosevelt.

1692

Roosevelt ‘gay until end,’ Russian-born artist says

Woman was alone with President when he complained of ‘terrific headache’

RALEIGH, North Carolina (UP) – The last impression left by Franklin D. Roosevelt on the woman portrait painter who was alone with him when he was stricken was a man who was kind, pleasant and “gay until the end.”

Mrs. Elizabeth Shoumatoff, middle-aged artist, who was sketching the late President as he worked on some papers in the “Little White House” at Warm Springs, Georgia, was on her way home to Locust Valley, New York, today.

Mrs. Shoumatoff was still shaken by the sudden collapse of the man who had been chatting cheerfully as he arranged his papers a short time before.

Friend of cousins

Mrs. Shoumatoff, a Russian-born artist, was a friend of the late President’s two cousins, Laura Delano and Margaret Suckley, who were with him at Warm Springs.

She had done a watercolor in 1943 of Mr. Roosevelt wearing his favorite Navy cape which he liked so well that he had it copied and distributed prints to close friends at his last birthday party.

She had gone to Warm Springs to sketch the President for another portrait while he relaxed at his Southern retreat. Mrs. Shoumatoff was accompanied by Nicholas “Robbins” Katzubinsky, a Russian-born photographer whom she employs to photograph in character studies persons who do not have time to pose at length for portraits.

Wrong identity

It was Katzubinsky who in the contusion following Mr. Roosevelt’s death was identified as N. Robbins and was said to be the artist with him at the time he was stricken.

But it was Mrs. Shoumatoff who was alone with the President when he complained of a “terrific headache.” He was sitting before the open fireplace. She summoned Miss Delano, who sailed one of the physicians attached to the Presidents staff. Mr. Roosevelt was unconscious when they reached his side.

“The President never looked better than he did just before he was stricken,” Mrs. Shoumatoff said. “He was such a wonderful person, and he was so gay until the end.”

1693

Roosevelt’s death means ‘end of world’ for valet

Navy steward was close to President

WASHINGTON (UP) – The happy little world, in which Chief Petty Officer Arthur Prettyman lived in quiet dignity during the last six years he served as President Roosevelt’s valet, has collapsed.

Few men were as close to the President, or as devoted, as was this Negro Navy steward.

It was PO Prettyman who carried the prostrate form of his “Chief” from the room in which he fainted to a bed in the “Little White House” at Warm Springs, Georgia. White House attendants say the President’s death was tantamount to the end of the world for PO Prettyman.

Served aboard cruiser

His happy association with the President began some years ago while he was serving aboard the cruiser USS Tuscaloosa during one of the President’s many trips out of the country. Mr. Roosevelt took a fancy to PO Prettyman and when his old valet retired, he called in PO Prettyman to serve him.

PO Prettyman retired from the Navy and went to the White House. For the last six years, he had helped the President dress, took care of his dog Fala and went with him on every trip. Mr. Roosevelt would trust no one except him to bathe Fala.

PO Prettyman carried himself with a quiet dignity. In conversation he referred to Mr. Roosevelt as “Chief.” But in addressing Mr. Roosevelt, he always said “Mr. President.”

Never talked of President

He had very little contact with members of the White House staff and, as one messenger said, “We could never get a word out of him about the President.”

After the outbreak of war, PO Prettyman was placed on active duty as a chief steward in the Navy but remained assigned to the President. The only difference was that PO Prettyman wore a gray Navy uniform.

When the President was in Washington, PO Prettyman usually went home nights to his family in Marshall, Virginia, near the capital. But if the President needed him in the evening, or at any time, he was always on hand.

1694

Tornado deaths now exceed 110

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1695

27 Americans rule 150,000 in Frankfurt

Dog-tired officers each do work of 4
By Helen Kirkpatrick

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1696

Roosevelt death to spur last-ditch stand by Nazis

Hitler expected to seize on event to demand just a little more resistance by followers

PARIS (UP) – A senior officer at Allied Supreme Headquarters said today that the death of President Roosevelt would encourage a German withdrawal into “national redoubts” in the northern port area or the Southern Alps.

Such a movement, in apparent preparation for a last-ditch stand, has been evident for several weeks. But it is believed that not all Nazis were convinced they would win anything from a long-drawn-out suicide stand.

It is believed that Adolf Hitler’s strategists may view the death of President Roosevelt as weakening the bond among Britain, Russia, and the United States.

Hope to escape justice

The Allied officer pointed out that Berlin repeatedly has denounced Mr. Roosevelt as the man who welded the three major Allied powers against Germany and the Nazis may feel that there is a greater chance now of a falling-out among Allied powers which would give the Nazis a chance to escape justice if they held out long enough.

Therefore, they are driving their forces at top speed, first north of a line running roughly from Emden east to Luebeck, secondly into a resistance zone running from the Black Forest of Germany to Prague, Czechoslovakia.

Kiel, former headquarters of the German Grand Fleet, would be the capital of the northern “redoubt” and Berchtesgaden, Hitler’s hideout, would be the capital of the southern.

Without commenting upon the merits of the Nazi belief of the effects of Mr. Roosevelt’s death, it obviously is the kind of occurrence which Hitler and Nazi Propaganda Minister Goebbels would seize upon as an excuse to demand just a little more resistance by their followers.

According to some observers here, in the beginning Hitler’s demand for protracted resistance was based on the claim that Nazi inventors soon would bring new weapons from their laboratories to change the face of the war and to nullify Allied superiority in manpower and weapons.

Plants smashed

As the battle of Germany roared to a climax, more and more of the laboratories and factories which might have produced a new weapon were reduced to ashes. Hitler’s weapon argument lost its punch.

At the same time, German desertions increased manyfold. Prisoners admitted their high hopes for the effect from a new weapon were shattered.

The tragedy of Mr. Roosevelt’s death gives Hitler something new to use.

“Fight a little longer,” he will say. “Soon our enemies will be quarreling with one another. Perhaps we can escape the trap. Only keep fighting.”

1697

On Luzon –
Battle-weary Yankees sent to rest camp for four days

6th Division in combat 64 straight days before officers find a relief center
By Lee G. Miller, Scripps-Howard staff writer

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1698

British 22 miles from Bologna

Eighth Army driving eastward in Italy

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1699

Jap counterattack fails on Okinawa

U.S. troops resume slow advance

GUAM (UP) – Troops of three Army divisions battled slowly through Southern Okinawa today after turning back a strong Jap counterattack along the Naha defense lines.

The attack was made by between 500 and 750 Japs and a large proportion of them were killed in the futile attempt to check the American drive.

Although ground artillery and heavy naval guns continued an intense pounding of the enemy positions, the troops were unable to make any substantial gains and their advances were measured in yards.

Marines gain

Marines in Northern Okinawa, however, were moving ahead on Motobu Peninsula and Ishikawa Isthmus against ineffective resistance.

A Jap communiqué claimed that suicide planes were still attacking U.S. warships around Okinawa and that an additional 12 vessels were sunk or damaged.

Adm. Chester W. Nimitz disclosed that Vice Adm. Marc A. Mitscher’s fast carrier force had destroyed 1,200 Jap planes in less than four weeks.

In the last three days alone, more than 228 planes were destroyed throughout the Ryukyu chain, of which Okinawa is the principal island.

Blast Formosa

Disclosure of these results indicated that some 2,000 Jap planes had been destroyed or damaged since March 18. The others were accounted for by British carriers, land-based Army, Navy and Marine planes and Superfortresses.

The British task force destroyed 17 enemy planes and damaged five in an attack on airdromes on Formosa Thursday. Tokyo reported that about 70 carrier planes raided Formosa again yesterday for the second straight day.

U.S. carrier planes destroyed 13 other Jap aircraft in the Northern Ryukyus yesterday and in addition sank 23 barges and small craft.

1700

75 taken off roof of train in river

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Actress’ suicide laid to lovers’ quarrel

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