America at war! (1941–) – Part 5

Supreme HQ Allied Expeditionary Force (April 5, 1945)

FROM
(A) SHAEF MAIN

ORIGINATOR
PRD, Communique Section

DATE-TIME OF ORIGIN	
051100A April

TO FOR ACTION
(1) AGWAR
(2) NAVY DEPARTMENT

TO (W) FOR INFORMATION (INFO)
(3) TAC HQ 12 ARMY GP
(4) MAIN 12 ARMY GP
(5) AIR STAFF
(6) ANCXF
(7) EXFOR MAIN
(8) EXFOR REAR
(9) DEFENSOR, OTTAWA
(10) CANADIAN C/S, OTTAWA
(11) WAR OFFICE
(12) ADMIRALTY
(13) AIR MINISTRY
(14) UNITED KINGDOM BASE
(15) SACSEA
(16) CMHQ (Pass to RCAF & RCN)
(17) COM ZONE
(18) SHAEF REAR
(19) SHAEF MAIN
(20) PRO, ROME
(21) HQ SIXTH ARMY GP 
(REF NO.)
NONE

(CLASSIFICATION)
IN THE CLEAR

Communiqué No. 362

UNCLASSIFIED: Allied forces north of Nijmegen reached the line of the Neder-Rijn on a broad front. In the Zevenaar area north of Emmerich we made further progress to the northwest. North of the Twente Canal, we cleared Hengelo and made gains to the north and west. Farther north, armored units, advancing northeast from Nordhorn, reached the line of the Ems River at several points. Southeast of Rheine, our troops crossed the Dortmund-Ems Canal.

Northeast of Osnabrück we crossed the Ems-Weser Canal and advanced beyond it. Osnabrück has been entered, but is not yet clear. Other units bypassed the town to the south and reached a point seven miles east of it. Münster has been cleared with the exception of snipers. Over 1,700 prisoners were taken in the city.

Our armor reached the Weser River in the vicinity of Bad Oeynhausen, and other elements reached a point five miles northeast of Bad Salzuflen. Other armored units reached the Bega River, on the outskirts of Lemgo capturing more than 4,000 prisoners. Our infantry is mopping up a bypassed hill in the Teutoburger Forest.

In the Detmold area we are meeting resistance from the remnants of an SS tank battalion. Enemy strongpoints near Gütersloh were attacked by fighter bombers. Kassel has been cleared after heavy house-to-house fighting. Our armor reached the vicinity of Oberdorla, four miles south of Mühlhausen. Other armored elements are in the vicinity of Heldra, northwest of Kreuzburg. Infantry, advancing behind the armor, crossed the Fulda River and reached a point 14 miles northwest of Eisenach.

Eisenach, bypassed by our spearheads, is an enemy strongpoint defended by tanks and infantry. Armored spearheads cleared Gotha and entered Ohrdruf, seven miles to the south.

Farther south of Gotha, our armored units reached the vicinity of Oberhof and cleared Suhl. German troop concentrations at Nordhausen were attacked by escorted heavy bombers. Fighter-bombers hit enemy airfields at Schweinfurt and Jena. On the northern side of the Ruhr Pocket, our infantry crossed the Dortmund-Ems Canal, captured Ickern and Waltrop, and advanced to a point one and a half miles west of Lünen after repulsing several small counterattacks. Resistance continues in Hamm with considerable artillery fire coming from the city.

On the eastern side of the pocket, northeast of Winterberg, our armor reached Hildfeld and Grönebach against tank and self-propelled gun fire. We cleared Oberkirchen to the southwest and repulsed two small counterattacks.

Southwest of Siegen, we cleared a number of small towns including Mudersbach and Katzenbach and repulsed several counterattacks. Targets at Essen and Lüdenscheid, in the pocket, were attacked by fighter bombers. It is estimated that our ground units inflicted 4,600 casualties in breaking the enemy resistance at Aschaffenburg.

Northeast of Aschaffenburg we gained ten miles in rugged terrain, advancing past Obersinn. Burgsinn and Rieneck were cleared. Our forces made another crossing of the Main River south of Lohr. About a half of Würzburg has been cleared. Our armor, driving south of the Main River bend at Ochsenfurt, gained some ten miles.

Farther west our armor reached Igersheim on the Tauber River. Möckmühl, Bad Wimpfen and a number of other towns northeast of Heilbronn were captured. Enemy resistance around Heilbronn was strong and we repulsed a counterattack north of the city. Karlsruhe, was captured against stiff resistance.

Between the Aschaffenburg area and Heilbronn, 2,594 prisoners were taken.

Allied forces in the west captured 28,817 prisoners 3 April.

Supply depots at Ebrach, east of Würzburg and Grossaspach, northeast of Stuttgart were targets for medium and light bombers. Enemy troop concentration and fortified positions in the area from Heilbronn northeastwards to Bamberg and Nurnberg, and a barracks area at Crailsheim were struck at by medium, light and fighter-bombers.

Submarine yards at Kiel and Hamburg and airfields in northwest Germany were attacked by escorted heavy bombers in very great strength. Road and rail transport in Holland in the Meppen and Cloppenburg areas northwest of Osnabrück; near Oldenburg and Bremen; and in the area of Mühlhausen and Halle, and railyards at Erfurt, Schweinfurt and Crailsheim were heavily attacked by medium, light and fighter bombers.

In all the day’s operations, 31 enemy aircraft were shot down and 32 others were destroyed on the ground.

According to reports so far received, nine of our heavy bombers; three medium bombers and 17 fighters are missing. Last night heavy bombers were over Germany in very great strength with synthetic oil plants at Merseburg and Hamburg as the main objectives.

Light bombers again attacked targets at Berlin.

COORDINATED WITH: G-2, G-3 to C/S

THIS MESSAGE MAY BE SENT IN CLEAR BY ANY MEANS
/s/

Precedence
“OP” - AGWAR
“P” - Others

ORIGINATING DIVISION
PRD, Communique Section

NAME AND RANK TYPED. TEL. NO.
D. R. JORDAN, Lt Col FA4655

AUTHENTICATING SIGNATURE
/s/

U.S. Navy Department (April 5, 1945)

JCS Press Release

For Immediate Release
April 5, 1945

The Joint Chiefs of Staff today made the following announcement regarding the command directive for the war against Japan:

The Joint Chiefs of Staff, with the approval of the President, have modified the command organization for the war against Japan with a view to giving full effect to the application of our forces against the Japanese including the large forces to be redeployed from Europe, taking into account the changed conditions resulting from our progress in both the Southwest Pacific and the Pacific Ocean Areas. The rapid advances made in both areas, which have brought us into close proximity with the Japanese homeland and the China Coast, and the corresponding change in the character of operations to be conducted are the considerations which dictated the new directive.

GEN MacArthur, Commander of the Southwest Pacific Area, under the terms of the new directive will be given command of all Army forces and resources in the Pacific Theater. Similarly, ADM Nimitz, Commander of the Pacific Ocean Areas, will be given command of all Naval forces and resources in the Pacific Theater. GEN Arnold will continue in command of the 20th Air Force.

The Joint Chiefs of Staff will continue to exercise strategic direc­tion of the entire Pacific Theater and will charge either GEN MacArthur or ADM Nimitz with the overall responsibility for conducting specific operations or campaigns. Normally GEN MacArthur will be charged with the conduct of land campaigns and ADM Nimitz with the conduct of sea campaigns. Each Commander will furnish the forces and resources of his service for the joint forces which are required for the conduct of the operation or campaign which has been duly directed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Essentially the new arrangement permits either Commander-in-Chief to conduct operations or campaigns in any part of the entire theater as directed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the choice as to which shall be charged with the responsibility in each case will be dependent on the nature of the operation or campaign which is to be undertaken.

The Pittsburgh Press (April 5, 1945)

Reds end Jap pact

Ultimate Soviet entry into war in Pacific foreshadowed by act


Cornered now, Japanese may provoke war on Reds

Third Army 120 miles from Berlin

Ninth Army crosses Weser, next to last river barrier before capital

Tokyo cabinet quits

Admiral is successor to Koiso who admits Yanks are too close

Showdown battle near on Okinawa

Yank drive slowed by stiff resistance

GUAM (UP) – The showdown battle of Southern Okinawa and the Jap island bastion’s capital city of Naha appeared to be shaping up or already mounting to full fury today.

Field reports said suddenly stiffened resistance had slowed the Tenth Army’s advance on Okinawa to a snail’s pace. The Japs were fighting hard from well-prepared positions – perhaps the lines on which they chose to undertake a stand – a little more than four miles north of Naha.

Both American and Jap tanks were jockeying for positions. A front dispatch reported the possibility of a major tank battle, the first of the war in the Pacific, on the plain between Naha and Kaniku.

Reach outposts

In one sector, a Jap tank concentration had already stalled the American push temporarily.

“Apparently we have reached the outposts of enemy defenses in the south, where a force of as many as 60,000 Japanese may be concealed,” United Press writer Edward L. Thomas reported from an advanced command post on Okinawa.

He said Jap strongpoints appeared to be scattered through the hills around the villages of Kaniku, Tsuwa and Tabaru. Approaching them, the Americans overran several preliminary lines of resistance in advances of 500 to 1,500 yards down the 3½-mile wide isthmus separating Central and Southern Okinawa.

Run into heavy fire

The hills command much of Southern Okinawa. Troops pushing through a misty rain toward one 600-foot height guarding the approaches to Shuri ran into heavy artillery, machine-gun and mortar fire.

The enemy appeared determined to hold Machinato and Yonabaru airfields, both within a mile and a half to two miles of the advancing Americans.

The veteran 32nd Infantry Regiment of the 7th Infantry Division on the eastern end of the line above Naha smashed the first organized resistance of the campaign yesterday with the capture of a ridge above Ishado on Nakagusuku Bay naval anchorage.

The 184th Infantry Regiment, meanwhile, was attacking a Jap pocket estimated at company strength – possibly 200 men – on the west coast.

The Army advances on the southern front, coupled with a Marine push to the north deep into the narrow isthmus between Southern and Central Okinawa, gave the Americans control of 80 square miles – one sixth – of the island only 330 miles southwest of Japan.

The campaign was already 12 days ahead of schedule, with the invasion forces controlling 17 miles of the west coast and 12 miles of the east coast, including half the shoreline of the vital Nakagusuku Bay.

Marines gain

The XXIV Army Corps’ line in the south, as of yesterday, ran from Uchi-Tomari to the west coast, 4½ miles north of Naha and 1¾ miles north of Machinato Airfield. Through Kamiyama, in the center, to a point just north of Nakagusuku village and two miles north or Yonabaru Airfield in the east coast.

On the northern end of the beachheads, Marines of the III Amphibious Corps drove to 2½ miles beyond Ishikawa in the narrow neck of land separating South-Central and Centra! Okinawa, where it had been anticipated the Japs might make another stand.

Resistance continued light on the Marine front, though observation planes reported enemy concentrations ahead.

Jap planes attack

Jap planes made several small-scale air attacks on the invasion armada early yesterday, and four of the aircraft were shot down.

U.S. planes from a carrier task group commanded by Rear Adm. Frederick C. Sherman attacked airfields and other installations in the Amami Islands just north of Okinawa Tuesday.

They destroyed 45 planes in combat and two on the ground, damaged nine others on he ground, destroyed or damaged 25 small craft, damaged two small cargo ships and a torpedo boat, and set fuel dumps and buildings afire.

V-E Day by proclamation –
Eisenhower doubts if Nazis ever surrender

Tells Roosevelt he expects guerrilla war

Actual casualties now over 900,000

WASHINGTON (UP) – U.S. combat casualties officially compiled and announced here reached 892,909 today. This means that the actual total, including losses yet to be recorded in Washington, has surpassed 900,000.

Today’s official figure was 20,047 greater than that announced a week ago. It included 798,383 Army and 94,526 Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard casualties.

The figures:

Army Navy TOTAL
Killed 156,471 36,649 193,120
Wounded 486,929 42,988 529,917
Missing 88,755 10,623 99,378
Prisoners 66,228 4,266 70,494
TOTAL 798,383 94,526 892,909

‘Ding Dong Daddy’ gets 30-year term

I DARE SAY —
Good neighbors

By Florence Fisher Parry

After Nazis’ defeat –
U.S. may limit draft to boys, 18

Two bills being considered in Senate

U.S. seeking to end current difficulties facing Big Three nations

Stettinius cites progress already made but admits dangers are still faced


Dulles named ‘Frisco adviser

Americans die, baby is shot – village learns about war

By Ann Stringer, United Press staff writer

1,800 planes rip South Germany

Yanks hit railyards, supply dumps


U.S. drive in Italy reported by Nazis

U.S. campaign in Philippines in final stage

Americans invade Masbate Island

New offensive hinted by Hitler

Speech reveals hope for another ‘bulge’

Superfortresses fire 5 areas of Japan

Editorial: Fix post-war taxes now

Editorial: Still a mess

Editorial: Keep those war bonds!