America at war! (1941–) – Part 3

8525

Letter Asking if President Roosevelt Will Accept a Fourth Term Nomination
July 11, 1944

robhannegan

Dear Mr. President:

As Chairman of the Democratic National Committee, it is my duty on behalf of the Committee to present for its consideration a temporary roll of the delegates for the National Convention, which will convene in Chicago on July 19, 1944.

The National Committee has received from the State officials of the Democratic Party certification of the action of the State conventions, and the primaries in those States, which select delegates in that manner.

Based upon these official certifications to the National Committee, I desire to report to you that more than a clear majority of the delegates to the National Convention are legally bound by the action of their constituents to cast their ballots for your nomination as President of the United States. This action in the several States is a reflection of the wishes of the vast majority of the American people that you continue as President in this crucial period in the Nation’s history.

I feel, therefore, Mr. President, that it is my duty as Chairman of the Democratic National Committee to report to you the fact that the National Convention will during its deliberations in Chicago tender to you the nomination of the Party as it is the solemn belief of the rank and file of Democrats, as well as many other Americans, that the Nation and the world need the continuation of your leadership.

In view of the foregoing, I would respectfully request that you send to the Convention or otherwise convey to the people of the United States an expression that you will again respond to the call of the Party and the people. I am confident that the people recognize the tremendous burdens of your office, but I am equally confident that they are determined that you must continue until the war is won and a firm basis for abiding peace among men is established.

Respectfully,
ROBERT E. HANNEGAN

Letter from President Roosevelt Agreeing to Accept a Fourth Term Nomination
July 11, 1944

Rooseveltsicily

Dear Mr. Hannegan:

You have written me that in accordance with the records a majority of the delegates have been directed to vote for my renomination for the office of President, and I feel that I owe to you, in candor, a simple statement of my position.

If the Convention should carry this out, and nominate me for the Presidency, I shall accept. If the people elect me, I will serve.

Every one of our sons serving in this war has officers from whom he takes his orders. Such officers have superior officers. The President is the Commander in Chief and he, too, has his superior officer – the people of the United States.

I would accept and serve, but I would not run, in the usual partisan, political sense. But if the people command me to continue in this office and in this war, I have as little fight to withdraw as the soldier has to leave his post in the line.

At the same time, I think I have a right to say to you and to the delegates to the coming Convention something which is personal – purely personal.

For myself, I do not want to run. By next Spring, I shall have been President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces for twelve years – three times elected by the people of this country under the American Constitutional system.

From the personal point of view, I believe that our economic system is on a sounder, more human basis than it was at the time of my first inauguration.

It is perhaps unnecessary to say that I have thought only of the good of the American people. My principal objective, as you know, has been the protection of the rights and privileges and fortunes of what has been so well called the average of American citizens.

After many years of public service, therefore, my personal thoughts have turned to the day when I could return to civil life. All that is within me cries out to go back to my home on the Hudson River, to avoid public’ responsibilities, and to avoid also the publicity which in our democracy follows every step of the Nation’s Chief Executive.

Such would be my choice. But we of this generation chance to live in a day and hour when our Nation has been attacked, and when its future existence and the future existence of our chosen method of government are at stake.

To win this war wholeheartedly, unequivocally, and as quickly as we can is our task of the first importance. To win this war in such a way that there be no further world wars in the foreseeable future is our second objective. To provide occupations, and to provide a decent standard of living for our men in the armed forces after the war, and for all Americans, are the final objectives.

Therefore, reluctantly, but as a good soldier, I repeat that I will accept and serve in this office, if I am so ordered by the Commander-in-Chief of us all – the sovereign people of the United States.

Very sincerely yours,
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT

8526

The Pittsburgh Press (July 11, 1944)

ROOSEVELT ‘WILL ACCEPT’
’Have as little right to quit as a soldier,’ President asserts

Chief Executive leaves way clear for party to drop Wallace from Vice Presidency
By Lyle C. Wilson, United Press staff writer

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8527

NAZIS FALL BACK IN FRANCE
Yanks driving on transport hub of Saint-Lô

Canadians reach Orne below Caen
By Virgil Pinkley, United Press staff writer

map.071144.up
Yanks opened a new offensive in Normandy today as the Canadians drove to the Orne River below Caen. The British fell back from Maltot but continued to advance toward the Orne in other areas as a big tank battle raged (1). The new U.S. offensive toward Saint-Lô (2) gained several hundred yards. South of La Haye-du-Puits, the Americans cleared out a forest on the road to Lessay and to the east advance from captured Sainteny (3).

SHAEF, London, England –
U.S. troops hit the center of the Normandy line today and plunged to within two miles of the big transport hub to Saint-Lô, field dispatches reported, and to the east, the Canadians drove an armored spearhead to the Orne River below Caen.

Pressure by U.S., British and Canadian forces on Marshal Erwin Rommel’s do-or-die line was beginning to bear fruit, and the Germans were slowly giving ground at both ends and in the middle.

Lt. Gen. Omar N. Bradley sent his U.S. assault forces over the top north of Saint-Lô in a new attack aimed at the core of the transport network below the Cherbourg Peninsula, and was reported in dispatches to have scored initial gains of several hundred yards.

Beginning to sag

At numerous points between La Haye-du-Puits and Caen, the Nazi line was beginning to sag, but the fighting everywhere was extremely fierce and the enemy was yielding ground only when he had no alternative.

U.S. forces captured six towns and villages scattered along the western part of the Normandy front, and at the eastern end of the line, the British and Canadians seized two more to bring the prongs of the arc thrown around the area of captured Caen to within four miles of junction below the big inland port.

Early this morning, British forces east of Caen hammered out a “most satisfactory” advance of about one mile, capturing the industrial suburbs of Colombelles and coming within four miles of the Canadian spearhead driven through Louvigny to the west bank of the Orne.

Desperate Nazi thrusts

“Extremely fierce and bitter fighting” was still going on below Caen. The Germans counterattacked repeatedly in the Orne–Odon corridor, throwing everything they had into futile attempts to recapture vital Hill 112 and the road junction a mile to the northeast.

After capturing Louvigny, two miles southwest of Caen, the Canadians consolidated their positions along the west bank of the Orne to a point northeast of Maltot.

To the west, the Americans made “substantial advances” in expanding their bridgehead across the Vire above Saint-Lô, headquarters reported. No word was forthcoming here on the new attack by the Americans, aimed at Saint-Lô from two directions, according to reports from the front.

In the Vire bridgehead sector, the Americans captured the villages of Hauts du Verney and Le Mesnil-Angot, as well as the hamlet of La Raoulerie, about three miles north of Saint-Lô. They had been unable to advance beyond Le Désert and Pont-Hébert, northwest of Saint-Lô, according to the latest advices here.

Dougald Werner, United Press staff writer at a Thunderbolt base in Normandy, reported that 9th Air Force fighter-bombers broke up two concentrations of German tanks moving northward toward the battlefront in the Saint-Lô area.

One squadron assigned to attack a strongpoint northwest of Saint-Lô spotted a number of tanks and destroyed 13 and damaged three.

Southwest of Carentan, U.S. forces widened their positions to the west and south, reaching a point a mile beyond Sainteny. East of the Carentan–Périers road, the Americans were held up south of a woods known as the Bois de Grinot and the village of La Corbinière.

On the western flank, the Americans completed the conquest of high ground in the Mt. Castre Forest below La Haye-du-Puits, reaching the southern slopes.

They pushed some 800 yards down the road from La Haye to Lessay and captured the village of Mobecq, two and a half miles southeast of La Haye.

German Marshal Erwin Rommel threw nearly 100 German tanks, including some 60-ton Tigers, into futile attempts to smash the British threat to his flank below Caen yesterday and all signs indicated that he was using his reserves at a rate that may cost him the Battle of France.

The Nazi-controlled Vichy radio said British patrols reached the Orne River, but later withdrew. The fighting south of Caen has developed into a “great battle which is now raging with fury,” the broadcast said.

15 towns captured

Though stiff German resistance slowed the British advance, the U.S. 1st Army captured 15 towns and villages in advances of up to a mile and a half yesterday on the central and western sectors of the 111-miles Normandy front.

The Americans seized Pont-Hébert and La Meauffe, four miles northwest and five miles north of Saint-Lô, advanced down the Carentan–Périers highway to within 4¾ miles northwest of Périers, and gained a mile and a half on a half-mile-wide front south of La Haye-du-Puits.

A dispatch from 1st Army headquarters in Normandy said the Americans were meeting little or no resistance in their advance west of the La Haye–Lessay road, the first report of a voluntary enemy retreat since the start of the American phase of the offensive a week ago yesterday.

Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower’s communiqué said the fighting was “particularly severe” between the Odon and Orne rivers south and southwest of Caen with the enemy “hotly contesting” the British advance to high ground overlooking the Orne.

Determined Nazi attack

Samuel D. Hales, United Press staff writer with the 2nd Army, said the British pulled out of Maltot, captured only yesterday, and took up a new line along the Esquay–Caen road during the night in the face of determined enemy counterattacks.

The British held firmly to Hill 112 overlooking the Orne, however, and Ronald Clark, another United Press staff writer with the 2nd Army, reported that Lt. Gen. Sir Miles C. Dempsey’s forces were working their way down the slopes of the hill toward the river despite a hail of enemy artillery and mortar shells from the opposite bank.

Another front dispatch said waves of German infantry attacked Hill 112 last night and, in some sections, reached Allied gun positions, but were finally driven off after an hour and a half of close-quarters fighting. Many German dead remained on the slopes of the hill.

Murky weather continued to ground the Allied air forces, preventing air support that might turn the tide of battle if unleashed in full fury.

8528

2,000 planes pound Munich; Toulon ripped

U.S. bombers defy weather and flak
By Walter Cronkite, United Press staff writer

Bulletin

London, England –
Twenty bombers and two fighter planes were listed as missing in today’s raid over Munich, Germany, the U.S. 2nd Tactical Air Force announced.

London, England –
U.S. warplanes estimated at more than 2,000 strong defied bad weather and violent anti-aircraft fire today to invade southern Germany and smash at targets in the Munich area, while Liberators based in the Mediterranean area struck at big port of Toulon on the southern French coast.

More than 1,100 Fortresses and Liberators were in the task force, surrounded by an escort of 70 Thunderbolt, Mustang and Liberator fighters, which flew through bad weather to lay their bombs by instruments through a solid blanket of clouds over Munich.

Escorted by Mustangs

The Mediterranean-based Liberators, meanwhile, flew with an escort of Mustangs through heavy flak to bomb naval installations at Toulon. Returning crew members reported they encountered no enemy fighters and saw a good pattern of bombs fall on the target area.

The new two-way raids came as SHAEF announced that Allied aircraft had flown 158,000 sorties during the first month of the invasion, with a total loss of one percent. The announcement listed 1,284 planes lost as against a destruction of 1,067 enemy planes.

The number of enemy planes listed as destroyed did not include those destroyed or damaged in attacks on airfields, airfield factories or assembly plants, the report said.

Crewmen returning from the raid on Munich today said they did not encounter any interference from enemy fighters, but that flak directly over the target was very heavy.

Berlin battered

Berlin radio, acknowledging the attack, said the raiders encountered “powerful opposition,” but in early broadcasts made no specific mention of fighter interception.

The raid on Munich area targets followed an attack on Berlin during the night by Royal Air Force Mosquito bombers.

Second Tactical Air Force Mosquitoes ranged over northeastern France to attack road and rail transport along the German supply lines to the battlefields last night, despite bad flying conditions.

The Seine River ferries were assaulted: six troop trains bombed and strafed together with several focal points for troop movements. The raids were carried out in the area bounded by Paris, Amiens, Lille and Saint-Quentin by RAF, Australian and New Zealand squadrons.

Attack Nazi tanks

Supreme Headquarters announced that fighter-bombers and rocket-firing fighters attacked German tank and troop concentrations and motor transport south of Caen yesterday in direct support of Allied troops.

Two Mosquito fighter pilots staged a private 30-minute blitzkrieg on long camouflaged German freight trains south of Poitiers. As the trains entered a tunnel, the pilots shelled the rear cars, then swung around and caught the front end with machine-gun bullets as it emerged from the tunnel, blowing up the engine.

8529

De Gaulle to rule liberated areas

French group backed as authority by U.S.

Washington (UP) –
President Roosevelt said today that the United States has decided to accept Gen. Charles de Gaulle’s French Committee on National Liberation as the actual working authority for civilian administration of the liberated areas of France.

Mr. Roosevelt told his news conference, however, that Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Allied Supreme Commander in Europe, would continue to have complete and clear-cut authority over all military questions in France and would decide when any given part of France is ready for civilian government.

Tells about parleys

Telling about his talks last week with Gen. de Gaulle, the President explained that this country was accepted the French Committee as the de facto authority for government of France. De facto recognition means that a condition is accepted as existing, but it does not carry the complete legal and diplomatic acceptance, which is called de jure recognition.

President Roosevelt said the United States was prepared to use as a basis for further relations with the French National Committee the recent drafts for restoration of civil administration which have been worked out by the French and British. Those drafts, according to Gen. de Gaulle, were worked out on a “technical” level and require further negotiation.

The President said those agreements were being redrafted. Asked whether the United States would sign an agreement or a memorandum, he replied that it probably would be a memorandum.

Asked whether his announcement meant that all recent difficulties between the United States and the French Committee of National Liberation had been ironed out during the conferences with the French leader, the President replied that if a time limit were put on the question, the answer would be yes.

Gives example

He emphasized repeatedly that the plans call for Gen. Eisenhower to have the final word and to determine what would be classified as civilian areas.

Asked whether Gen. Eisenhower would be able to deal with French groups other than the French Committee of National Liberation, the President said that the best way to describe that would be by example.

After the Allies have captured a town in France and moved in, he said, members of Gen. de Gaulle’s committee would appear before a committee on civil administration set up by Gen. Eisenhower and suggest names of people to run the city – mayors, councilmen, and so forth.

Discusses currency

Other groups may appear before the same committee, the President said, and it will be up to Gen. Eisenhower’s committee and Gen. Eisenhower himself to determine in such cases who shall administer the area.

Mr. Roosevelt said there is some talk at present about letting the French National Committee issue a new currency. He emphasized that the question had not been decided but added that he could see no reason why the committee should not be granted authority to issue a new temporary currency.

8530

Yanks outflank Italian stronghold

Drive northwestward against Livorno
By Reynolds Packard, United Press staff writer

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8531

Task force hits Japs in Marianas

Guam, Rota rocked five straight days
By William F. Tyree, United Press staff writer

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8532

U.S. sub lost in accident

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8533

I DARE SAY —
The imponderables

By Florence Fisher Parry

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8534

Loses 60 pounds in 4 hours –
Captain bakes to death in car as heat dehydrates body

Unaware of fate as he drives along in 130-degree heat on desert trail

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8535

Steel needs grow, while output drops

Industry unaffected in reconversion plan
By Robert Taylor, Press Washington correspondent

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8536

54,000 Nazis taken prisoner in Normandy

Invasion going well, Montgomery says
By the United Press

Allied forces in Normandy have captured more than 54,000 prisoners and are “developing our offensive operation in accordance with our plans,” Gen. Sir Bernard L. Montgomery, commander of ground forces in France, said today in his first message to his troops in a month.

Gen. Montgomery’s message, broadcast by the London radio, said the first month of the invasion has given “good ground for satisfaction.”

He said:

The pace has been hot and it was clear that someone would have to give ground sooner or later. It was equally clear that Allied soldiers would see it through to the end and would never give up, and so the Germans have been forced to give ground, which is very right and proper…

We have given the enemy forces a tremendous pounding and we know from prisoners what great losses they have suffered. We have enlarged and extended our lodgment area and, in that area, we are very firm and secure…

And so, to every Allied soldier in Normandy, I said, “Well done!” Well done, indeed! You have done a great task in a manner which is fully in keeping with the great traditions of the fighting stock of which we all come!

8537

Yanks batter Jap air base off New Guinea

Meet no opposition in raid on Sorong
By Don Caswell, United Press staff writer

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8538

americavotes1944

39 ‘educated’ Negroes register in Alabama

Dothan, Alabama (UP) –
Houston County election officials revealed today that they had allowed 39 “educated” Negroes to register for voting, but that the Negroes would not be permitted to cast a ballot until after next February when they pay their 1945 poll tax.

8539

Juggling of supplies to MacArthur charged

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8540

Allies replace Nazis as ex-Fascists’ guests, Italian paper charges

Conscientious Romans resent impunity with which Germans’ former friends operate
By Edward P. Morgan

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8541

Roosevelt forecasts long amity with Russia

By the United Press

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War veterans to get identification cards

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8542

Eisenhower warns of tough fighting

Says Allies will battle for every foot
By Edward W. Roberts, United Press staff writer

Allied advanced command post, France –
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower said yesterday at his first press conference since the invasion that the overall war picture could be viewed with optimism sobered by the very definite conclusion that from now on, the Allies would have to fight for every foot of ground.

Reviewing the war situation including the robot bomb and the weather, Gen. Eisenhower confided that if President Roosevelt planned an early visit to the European War theater, he had not been advised of it.

The Allied commander called the robot bomb a damnable thing, but said that it did not appear that in the measurable future it would be made more effective.

Sees heavy losses

The Allies, Gen. Eisenhower said, must now be prepared in all their operations right round the perimeter of their lines for bitter fighting of the most strenuous character, with resultant heavy losses to all.

NBC’s Merrill Mueller reported that Gen. Eisenhower said the possibility of a crack in German morale was not excluded but that he believed Gestapo control of Germany was so complete that hope for an internal collapse was false.

Discusses optimism

He acknowledged that in view of the tremendous Allied victories of the last two years in Africa, Sicily, Italy, Russia and the Pacific, people in general could not be blamed for allowing optimism to rise greatly.

Gen. Eisenhower indicated his satisfaction with the progress the Allied armies are making in Normandy.

The American drive on the Allied west flank in Normandy, he said, will be continued as part of his overall plan.

Weather big worry

Discussing the weather, Gen. Eisenhower indicated that it was still one of his chief worries. He said he would swear that he did not believe there had ever been a time when anybody had been as lucky with the weather as the enemy had since D-Day.

The Earl of Halifax, British Ambassador in Washington, visited Gen. Eisenhower and lunched with him before he started on a tour of U.S. military installations.

At a press conference, Lord Halifax said that he was not in Britain to arrange another conference between President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill.

8543

Inquest opens in circus deaths

160th victim dies; unidentified buried

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8544

Nazi defeat called certain in 1944 or 1945

But U.S. agency warns Axis army is strong

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