America at war! (1941–) – Part 3

Supreme HQ Allied Expeditionary Force (July 6, 1944)

Communiqué No. 61

Allied troops have taken the railway station at LA HAYE-DU-PUITS, and are pushing on to the south, with the enemy contesting every foot of ground. Our positions at CARPIQUET have been held. Enemy attacks continue.

Fierce combats with strong formations of enemy fighters, which were engaged in varying weather over the battle area and to the south and east, marked out air operations yesterday afternoon and evening. Considerable numbers of our fighters and fighter-bombers, vigorously supporting our ground forces, joined in the air battles which took place along the entire front. Notable air victories were scored in the area bounded by CHARTRES, ROUEN, CAEN and ARGENTAN, by fighters out to attack road and rail transport. They also attacked tanks at CARPIQUET Airfield and special targets indicated by ground commanders close behind the enemy lines and at SAINT-LÔ, VIRE, FALAISE, PERIERS, and DREUX. At least 35 enemy aircraft were shot down during the day and four are missing.

During the night, heavy bombers attacked the railway yards at DIJON. All our bombers returned safely. Light bombers also hit railway junctions and bridges at VILLEDIEU, HYENVILLE and GRANVILLE.

During Tuesday night, a considerable force of enemy E-boats and R-boats attempted to enter the Eastern Anchorage.

The enemy was intercepted, brought to action, and finally driven off by light coastal forces.

Two enemy R-boats were sunk and a third severely damaged.


Special Communiqué No. 4

From 22 June to 3 July, 1944, the French Forces of the Interior have continued their attacks on lines of communication. Previous cuts have in almost all cases been maintained. During this period, FFI troops have been occupied in regrouping and reorganizing.

The VERCORS, part of the GERS, the DOUBS, and ARDECHE and the have been liberated, in spite of violent reaction on the part of the German troops, who were supported by fighter and bomber aircraft and armor. The enemy has suffered severe losses both in men and material. Two aircraft have definitely been destroyed, several armored vehicles have been captured, and in one engagement alone 150 Germans were killed and 15 taken prisoner.

The destruction of lines of communications continues with considerable effect. In the MEURTHE ET MOSELLE, the FFI have, in ten days, caused 24 derailments, thereby destroying five locomotives and 54 trucks. Traffic on the line NARBONNE-SETE-BEZIERS and BEDARIEU was intercepted as a result of numerous attacks, in particular the destruction of two tunnels. Derailments have been caused in the marshalling yards at LUNEVILLE and BLANCVILLE, causing serious dislocation in traffic. The movement of a train of tracks loaded with Tiger tanks was held up in AURILLAC station as a result of the destruction of bridges.

In the neighborhood of the bridgehead, renewed sabotage of the railway lines and the enemy’s telecommunications has been reported. The underground long-distance lines have been cut in more than 100 places. In particular, the important German cable, used by Luftwaffe in the HAUTE SAONE has been destroyed. The repeated station at LIMOGES has been rendered useless. In the ROUSSILLON on the PLATEAU DE MAIMAISON, in the TAIN OULOUSE area, at CHOLEY, in the GERS, many high-tension cables have been cut. An important oil refinery has been put out of action by the FFI. There has been further sabotage of canals.


Communiqué No. 62

Allied troops advancing east of LA HAYE-DU-PUITS have reached the edge of the FORÊT DE MONT CASTRE and are threatening the last area of high ground which dominate the town. Our progress is maintained down the road southwest from CARENTAN in spite of enemy counterattacks.

In the CAEN area, the battle at CARPIQUET Airfield continues with fierce armored and infantry fighting. A number of enemy tanks have been destroyed.

The enemy’s rail and road supply system in the huge triangle PARIS-DOL-LA ROCHE SUR YON, was mauled severely today by our air forces operating in strength and without interruption.

Our fighter-bombers maintained armed reconnaissance patrol in this triangle throughout the morning, severing rail lines at many points. Enemy troop concentrations southwest of CARENTAN and a road causeway near LESSAY were also dive-bombed.

Medium bombers attacked several rail bridges in the combat area with good results. Fuel dumps at CHARTRES, ARGENTAN, and CERENCES were set afire.

Early this morning, during an offensive sweep towards BREST, an enemy force of four armed trawlers was intercepted by destroyer patrols. Three of the enemy were left burning fiercely.

U.S. Navy Department (July 6, 1944)

CINCPAC Communiqué No. 73

Reports from a fast carrier task group which attacked Chichijima in the Bonin Islands on July 3 (West Longitude Date) and participated in the attack on Hahajima the same day indicate the following additional damage to the enemy.

A group of several enemy ships located 80 miles northwest of Chichijima was attacked, resulting in the sinking of two destroyer escort type vessels and damage to a medium cargo ship. At Chichijima, the following results were obtained:

One small oiler, one medium ammunition ship and one medium cargo ship, sunk. One minelayer, one trawler and four luggers probably sunk. One large cargo ship, three medium cargo ships, one small cargo ship, two small oilers, one minelayer and one destroyer damaged. Several were beached.

At Hahajima, two small cargo ships and nine luggers were damaged. Buildings and defense installations were bombed at both objectives. Nine enemy aircraft were shot down, and three were damaged on the ground. In these strikes, we lost five pilots and four aircrewmen from seven of our aircraft which failed to return.

Pagan Island in the Marianas was attacked by carrier aircraft on July 4 (West Longitude Date). The runway at the airfield and adjacent buildings were bombed and strafed.

Barracks and supply facilities at Guam Island were bombed by carrier aircraft on July 4, starting large fires. We lost one plane from intense anti­-aircraft fire.

Search planes of Fleet Air Wing Two, Group One, bombed gun positions at Marpi Point on Saipan Island on July 4, strafed the airfields at Tinian Island and bombed defense installations.

Forty tons of bombs were dropped on Truk Atoll by 7th Army Air Force Liberators on July 4, hitting anti-aircraft positions and objectives near the airfield. Five enemy aircraft were in the air but did not attempt to intercept our force. Corsair fighters and Dauntless dive bombers on the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing continued to neutralize enemy positions in the Marshalls on July 4.

The Free Lance-Star (July 6, 1944)

U.S. TROOP COLUMNS DRIVING IN FLANK ATTACKS AROUND LA HAYE
1st Army battles in streets of town

Allies hold fast against Germans

SHAEF, England (AP) –
Three more towns have fallen to Lt. Gen. Omar N. Bradley’s footslogging U.S. infantrymen flanking La Haye-du-Puits, the Germans’ wester anchor point in Normandy, Supreme Headquarters announced today, and the French underground army has liberated whole sections of France.

The Americans took Glatigny, four miles southwest of La Haye and Scorman, nearby, in the sector near the west coast, while six miles east of the besieged town, they captured La Butte, advancing their lines to their edge of the morass, the Marais de Gorges.

SHAEF, England (AP) –
Two hard-fighting columns of the U.S. 1st Army plunged southward beyond besieged La Haye-du-Puits today both to the east and west, outflanking this western anchor of the enemy’s Normandy line while other troops battled inside the town itself after capturing the railway station, nearly half a mile to the north.

The Americans forcing their way south on the Cherbourg Peninsula reached Las du Jardins, three miles southwest of La Haye, while on the east another spearhead penetrated the Forêt de Mont-Castre, three miles southeast of the town, and battled the German 17th Panzer Grenadiers for possession of vital high ground in the wooded region.

As the doughboys advanced virtually foot by foot against the stubborn Germans, a furious tank and infantry battle raged near Caen on the eastern flank of the Normandy battle area. The Allied communiqué said Canadian and British forces held firm against a strong German counterattack in the Carpiquet area, just west of Caen.

Troops closely packed

Headquarters announced that Nazi troops were more densely packed in defense positions in the Caen region than on any battle ground in this or the last war.

The Supreme Command said that the German troops there had reached a concentration of one division to slightly less than three miles of the front – a situation that leaves little room for maneuvering.

Allied troops are also closely packed, with little freedom of movement.

The German High Command was reported throwing tanks and infantry lavishly into the battle, and hand-to-hand fighting was going on for the airfields south of newly-captured Carpiquet.

The mile-long Carpiquet Airfield is no-man’s-land and an officer observer reporter to Supreme Headquarters that three sets of two huge hangars had been destroyed.

It was agreed here that a deluge of high explosives from the air and a mighty artillery barrage are needed to crack a hole in the German lines around Caen. Today’s clearing weather gave promise of the most intense air activity for three weeks.

Need air aid

On the American side of the front, Australian and New Zealand Mosquitos supported the advancing doughboys during the night. The pilots reported heavy artillery dueling along the 17 miles of the battlefront on the Cherbourg Peninsula.

The German Air Force took advantage of a cloud cover yesterday to challenge the Allied air supremacy in isolated sectors, but lost 35 planes in the air against 17 for the Allies. Four other German planes were destroyed on the ground.

Northwest Reich under air attack

Airfields in France are pounded by planes of Allies

London, England (AP) –
Around 1,000 U.S. heavy bombers attacked Northwest Germany, enemy airfields and flying bomb grounds in the Pas-de-Calais department today while medium and light bombers assaulted railroad lines leading to the Cherbourg front.

The RAF in great strength bombed the robot platforms on the Channel coast and a rail center of Dijon, 160 miles southeast of Paris.

Flying Fortress and Liberator targets were not immediately specified.

More than 300 Marauder and Havoc bombers, in one of the heaviest operations since D-Day, made 30 attacks on these railroad lines: Saint-Malo–Rennes, Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouët–Fougères–Vitré, Argentan–Le Mans, Flers–Domfront–La Haute-Chapelle and Nogent-le-Rotrou.

Many are in the gap south of the battlefields between the Seine and Loire Rivers, over which most bridges have been destroyed. The assaults were a high-pressured continuation of the campaign started well before the invasion to isolate the Normandy theater.

Germany was possibly under coordinated attack from Italy and England, for Radio Berlin asserted that other U.S. bombers and fighters were approaching southern Germany and Austria. British blows at Dijon were aimed at checking enemy reinforcements and supplies moving to the Norman battlefields.

Fighters and fighter-bombers, flying with the Flying Fortresses and Liberators in the widespread daylight assaults, dive-bombed and strafed unspecified targets.

Better weather placed the aerial offensive on a round-the-clock basis again, even though Winston Churchill said “a considerable proportion of our flying power has been diverted” against the robot bomb launching platforms in the Pas-de-Calais department of France.

Nazi resistance in Italy tighter

Slow Allied advance on Livorno; other key points fall

Enemy on Saipan make final stand

Nimitz: We’re moving westward rapidly as possible

USPACFLT HQ, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (AP) –
Impending slaughter of Japanese, massed body to body for a last-ditch stand on Saipan, and the swift seizure of a second enemy airfield 800 miles southeast of the Philippines added emphasis today to a highly significant prediction by Adm. Chester W. Nimitz.

“What we learn on Saipan we will use in assault on other Japanese positions,” he said at a press conference in which he pointed out that Saipan’s larger land mass afforded valuable lessons of future operations.

The admiral assured:

We are moving westward across the Pacific as rapidly as we can. And we continued to view the future with confidence.

Howard Handleman, representing the combined Allied press, reported today from aboard a flagship off Saipan that thousands of Japs, squeezed into the northeastern eighth of the island, awaited the inevitable.

He said:

The Japs, resigned to death and defeat, lay body to body in caves and pillboxes for a final, frantic gesture against Americans they know they can’t halt.

Massed with them were many of the island’s 25,000 Japanese civilians, whose role in the bloody showdown was a source of conjecture.

At Noemfoor in Dutch New Guinea’s Geelvink Bay, where Southwest Pacific ground forces are 1,000 miles closer to the Philippines than they were a year ago, the capture of Kornasoren Airfield was announced today by Gen. Douglas MacArthur.

Paratroops, dropped in force on two successive days, helped win it on the Fourth of July. On Sunday, 6th Army troops opened the invasion of Noemfoor, investing Kamiri Airfield in the first hours. Kornasoren’s advantage over Kamiri is that it can be enlarged into a heavy bomber base from which the Philippines can be pounded.


Tokyo announces U.S. attacks

New York (AP) –
The Tokyo radio said today that a force of U.S. cruisers had shelled Tinian and Guam Islands yesterday and that two other islands in the Marianas – Rota and Pagan – had been attacked by U.S. planes.

The broadcast, recorded by the FCC, described the attack upon Guam as a “combined operation,” with about 120 planes blasting the island while the cruisers hammered it with high explosives in the morning and again in the afternoon.

Rota was hit by 20-30 planes and Pagan by two waves of 20 planes each, Tokyo said.


Berlin says Japanese expect U.S. landing

London, England (AP) –
The Berlin radio declared today that “Japanese circles” expect an American landing in the Bonin Islands, 500 miles from the Japanese homeland, which a U.S. naval task force has been harassing for days.

Colorful war bond parade and rally here tomorrow

Many units will take part in March; plan program to entertain throng

Efforts made to save 64 trapped in flaming mine


Doomed officer takes own life

americavotes1944

Dewey criticized by South Carolina Governor

Anderson, South Carolina (AP) –
Governor Olin D. Johnston of South Carolina criticized Governor Thomas E. Dewey last night for Dewey’s attendance at what Johnson termed “a Negro drinking party.”

In a radio address at Anderson, Johnston declared:

If additional proof is needed that South Carolinians should remain Democratic, look at the Republican presidential nominee as he attended a Negro drinking party as pictured in the issue of LIFE Magazine of July 3, 1944. President Roosevelt has never been pictured at a Negro liquor party.

In Albany, Dewey declined comment.

The pictures to which Johnston referred were those taken at a gathering of Negro newspaper publishers and editors in New York a week before the Republican National Convention.

Johnston is a candidate for the Democratic nomination for the U.S. Senate seat from South Carolina now held by Senator Ellison D. “Cotton Ed” Smith.

Neither picture showed Dewey drinking or with a drink in his hand.


McCormack to be platform writer

Washington (AP) –
House Majority Leader McCormack (D-MA) was reported to be the choice to head the Resolutions Subcommittee that will write the Democratic Party platform.

His selection is expected to be announced late today by the Democratic National Committee, along with the rest of the subcommittee memberships. As head of the subcommittee, McCormack would be in line for chairmanship of the full Resolutions Committee at the convention opening July 19 in Chicago.

McCormack, now in Massachusetts, is expected to get the subcommittee together in Chicago a few days before the convention opens for preliminary work on the platform.

Conference runs into linguistics

Language difficulties tie up monetary discussions


Nudists called to explain ‘A’ cards

americavotes1944

Republicans seek Willkie support

Backing is sought by campaigners for Governor Dewey; weeks approached

Albany, New York (AP) –
An oblique effort to draw Wendell L. Willie into camp moved forward today as supporters of Governor Thomas E. Dewey bid publicly for campaign cooperation from Congressional and senatorial candidates.

Although the GOP presidential nominee carefully avoided any appearance of soliciting Willkie’s backing, he gave the strategy left-handed approval by including Senator Sinclair Weeks, longtime Willkie enthusiast, in a list of Massachusetts Republicans invited to confer with him here Monday on campaign plans.

Headed by House Majority Leader Joseph Martin, the list of Massachusetts visitors includes Congressmen seeking reelection and candidates such as Governor Leverett Saltonstall. The latter is running from the seat vacated by Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., when he went into the Army and filled temporarily by Weeks. Weeks is not a candidate.

Cake is chosen

Dewey insisted there was no significance in the Weeks invitation, but in New York, National Chairman Herbert Brownell Jr. capped this move by naming both Weeks and Ralph Cake of Oregon on a 15-member executive committee. Cake was Willkie’s campaign manager before the latter quit the presidential race after the April Wisconsin primary.

Appraised of this action, Weeks said both he and Clarke had told Governor Dewey they would do anything they could to help him win the election.

Sprague heads group

The executive group named by Brownell is headed by New York National Committeeman J. Russell Sprague, who is generally regarded as Dewey’s No. 1 strategist and is one of the few of the inner circle of Dewey advisers who has maintained cordial relations with Willkie.

Other executive committee members include Mrs. Worthington Scranton of Pennsylvania, Mrs. Reeve Schley of New Jersey, Mrs. Robert F. Archibald Jr. of Colorado, Clarence J. Brown of Ohio, Mrs. Chris Carlson of Minnesota, Col. R. B. Creager of Texas, Harry Darby of Kansas, Mrs. W. P. Few of North Carolina, Harvey Jewett Jr. of South Dakota, Barak T. Mattingly of Missouri, Carroll Reece of Tennessee and Mrs. Jessie Williamson of California.

De Gaulle here for 4-day visit

Two conferences planned with President Roosevelt

Editorial: Japan’s situation

Editorial: End for Germany

Berlin reports Yanks in France reinforced

London, England (AP) –
Berlin radio said today U.S. forces in Normandy had been reinforced with the 83rd Infantry Division landing from Britain. There was no Allied confirmation.

Draft of pre-medical students not deferred

The Pittsburgh Press (July 6, 1944)

Ernie Pyle V Norman

Roving Reporter

By Ernie Pyle

In Normandy, France – (by wireless)
It is 11:15 at night. The sky darkens into an indistinct dusk, but it is not yet fully dark. You can make out the high hedgerow surrounding our field and the seven long barrels of the other ack-ack guns of our battery poking upwards.

We all lean against the wall of our gun pit, just waiting for our night’s work to start. We have plenty of time yet. The Germans won’t be here for 10 or 15 minutes.

But no. Suddenly the gun commander, who is at the phone, yells, “Stand by!”

The men jump to their positions. The plane is invisible, but you can hear the distant motors throbbing in the sky. Somehow you can always sense, just for the tempo in which things start, when it is going to be a heavy night. You feel now that this will be one.

One of the gunners turns a switch on the side of the gun, and it goes into remote control. From now on, a mystic machine at the far end of the field handles the pointing of the gun, through electrical cables. It is all automatic. The long snout of the barrel begins weaving in the air and the mechanism that directs it makes a buzzing noise. The barrel goes up and down, to the right and back to the left, grinding and whining and jerking. It is like a giant cobra, maddened and with its head raised, weaving back and forth before striking.

Finally, the gun settles rigidly in one spot and the gun commander calls out: “On target! Three rounds! Commence firing!”

The gun blasts forth with sickening force. A brief sheet of flame shoots from the muzzle. Dense, sickening smoke boils around in the gun pit. You hear the empty shell case clank to the ground.

Darkly silhouetted figures move silently, reloading. In a few seconds, the gun blasts again. And one again. The smoke is stifling now. You feel the blast sweep over you and set you back a little.

The salvo is fired. The men step back. You take your fingers from your ears. The smoke gradually clears. And now once more the gun is intently weaving about, grinding and whining and seeking for a new prey.

That’s the way it is all night. You never see a thing. You only hear the thrump, thrump of motors in the sky and see the flash of guns and the streaking of red tracers far away. You never see the plane you’re shooting at, unless it goes down in flames, and “flamers” are rare.

I found out one thing by being with the ack-ack at night. And that is that you’re much less nervous when you’re out in the open with a gun in front of you than when you’re doubled up under blankets in your tent, coiled and intent for every little change of sound, doubtful and imagining and terrified.

We shoot off and on, with “rest” periods of only a few minutes, for a couple of hours. The Germans are busy boys tonight.

Then suddenly a flare pops in the sky, out to sea, in front of us. Gradually the night brightens until the whole universe is alight and we can easily make each other out in the gun pit and see everything around us in the field.

Now everybody is tense and starring. We all dread flares. Planes are throbbing and droning all around in the sky above the light. Surely the Germans will go for the ships that are standing off the beach or they may even pick out the gun batteries and come for us in the brightness.

The red tracers of the machine guns begin arching toward the flares but can’t reach them. Then our own “Stand by!” order comes, and the gun whines and swings and feels its way into the sky until it is dead on the high flare.

Yes, we are shooting at the flare, and our showering bursts of flak hit it, too.

You don’t completely shoot out a flare. But you break it up into small pieces, and the light is dimmed, and the pieces come floating down more rapidly and the whole thing is over sooner.

Flares in the sky are always frightening. They strip you naked, and make you want to cower and hide and peek out from behind an elbow. You feel a great, welcome privacy when the last piece flickers to the ground, and you can go back to shooting at the darkness from out of the dark.

Völkischer Beobachter (July 7, 1944)

Die Vergeltung macht Churchill verhasst –
Noch immer kein Mittel gegen ‚V1‘

Ratloser Grimm bei den Erfindern des Terrorluftkrieges

Eine Erklärung der japanischen Regierung –
‚Chinafeldzug gilt nur Engländern und Amerikanern‘

Erklärung der Nanking-Regierung –
Für ein geeintes China