740.00119 PW/8-1145: Telegram
London, August 11, 1945
[Received August 11 — 3:15 p.m.]
2263
I have been asked to forward to you the following message:
“His Majesty’s Government have received your communication to the Swiss Government for the Japanese Government, and agree.”
The acceptance of the British suggestions in the final text was deeply appreciated here.
WINANT
740.0011 PW/8-1145
Washington, August 11, 1945
Dear Mr. Secretary: It is, as I am sure you will agree, of the first importance that the Japanese people should be informed of the surrender offer of their Government and the reply communicated by our Government on behalf of ourselves, the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and China.
According to the best available information, the Japanese Government has not informed the Japanese people of the offer. The Office of War Information has been broadcasting since noon today the substance of the note of August 10 from the Swiss Government communicating the Japanese offer and my reply of August 11. Short wave broadcasting, however, is an inadequate means of reaching the masses of the Japanese people. Only an extensive leaflet raid would seem capable of attaining the desired result.
I am therefore writing to request that a leaflet raid upon the Japanese home islands be carried out at the earliest possible moment. It will be deeply appreciated if the War Department finds it possible to comply with this request.
Sincerely yours,
[JAMES F. BYRNES]
August 11, 1945
Mr. McCloy circulated separate draft communications to the United Kingdom, Soviet and Chinese Governments with respect to the designation of General MacArthur as Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers to accept, coordinate and carry into effect the Japanese surrender, and the designation of representatives of each to be present with him. These documents, he explained, were prepared at the request of Secretary of State Byrnes. He pointed out that each communication set forth in general terms the Japanese forces which are to surrender to its designated commander, these provisions to be made specific later in General Order No. 1. He also pointed out that each of the communications included a statement that it was assumed that this procedure would be acceptable and that preliminary instructions were being issued to General MacArthur. He stated also that the War Department, with the approval of Mr. Byrnes, was communicating this information to General MacArthur.
In response to a question by Mr. Gates, Mr. McCloy stated that he was informed that the selection of General MacArthur as Supreme Commander had been directed by President Truman.
The Committee approved these three draft communications, on behalf of their respective departments, and agreed that they be delivered to the Secretary of State.
Mr. McCloy stated that it had been determined this morning not to have the Emperor sign the surrender instrument and that the note sent to the Japanese had been revised accordingly. This, he stated, required revision of the instrument of surrender. He presented redrafts of (1) the Instrument of Surrender, (2) the Directive to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to be signed by President Truman, and (3) General Order No. 1 to be issued by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters at the direction of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. He stated that these documents had been approved by the War Department and requested their prompt consideration by the State and Navy Departments.
He explained that the term “Imperial General Headquarters” had been substituted for “High Command” in all documents as a result of research by the War and Navy members of the Joint Staff Planners. He also stated that the draft General Order No. 1 was intended to be forwarded to General MacArthur with instructions to use it as a guide rather than as a document to be literally adhered to, thus giving him the authority to alter it to meet circumstances as they exist at the time of issuance.
The Committee agreed that these three documents be processed by the Secretariat as a paper in the SWNCC 21 series for consideration by the Committee.
Mr. McCloy presented a draft of a further communication to the Japanese Government to be transmitted after receipt of agreement by the Japanese to the note transmitted to it this morning and after agreement by the three Allies to the proposals contained in the communications to be addressed to them (Item 1). This communication sets forth the steps to be taken at once by the Japanese Government. It will not be cleared with our Allies but copies will be sent them after transmission.
The Committee approved this draft communication to the Japanese Government.
[Washington, August 11, 1945]
SWNCC 21/5
Military and Naval
I. The Imperial General Headquarters by direction of the Emperor, and pursuant to the surrender to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers of all Japanese armed forces by the Emperor, hereby orders all of its commanders in Japan and abroad to cause the Japanese armed forces and Japanese-controlled forces under their command to cease hostilities at once, to lay down their arms, to remain in their present locations and to surrender unconditionally to commanders acting on behalf of the United States, the Republic of China, the United Kingdom and the British Empire, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, as indicated hereafter. Immediate contact will be made with the indicated commanders, or their designated representatives, and their instructions will be completely and immediately carried out.
a. The senior Japanese commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces within China, excluding Manchuria, Formosa and French Indo-China north of 16° north latitude shall surrender to the Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek.
b. The senior Japanese commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces within Manchuria, Korea north of 38° north latitude and Karafuto shall surrender to the Commander-in-Chief of Soviet Forces in the Far East.
c. The senior Japanese commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces within Thailand, Burma, Malaya, French Indo-China south of 16° north latitude, Sumatra, Java, Andamans, Nicobars, Borneo and the Lesser Sundas shall surrender to the Supreme Allied Commander, Southeast Asia Command.
d. The senior Japanese commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces in the Celebes, Halmahera, New Guinea, the Banda Sea areas, Bismarcks and Solomons shall surrender to the Commander-in-Chief, Australian Imperial Forces.
e. The senior Japanese commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces in the Japanese Mandated Islands, Bonins and other Pacific Islands shall surrender to the Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet
f. The senior Japanese commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces in Korea south of 38° north latitude shall surrender to the Commanding General, U.S. Expeditionary Forces in Korea.
g. The Imperial General Headquarters, its senior commanders, and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces in the main islands of Japan, minor islands adjacent thereto, the Ryukyus, and the Philippines shall surrender to the Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Army Forces in the Pacific.
The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters further orders its commanders in Japan and abroad to disarm completely all forces of Japan or under Japanese control, wherever they may be situated, and to deliver intact and in safe and good condition all weapons and equipment at such time and at such places as may be prescribed by the Allied Commanders indicated above. (Pending further instructions, the Japanese police force in the main islands of Japan will be exempt from this disarmament provision. The police force will remain at their posts and shall be held responsible for the preservation of law and order. The strength and arms of such a police force will be prescribed.)
II. The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters shall furnish to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, within (time limit) of receipt of this order, complete information with respect to Japan and all areas under Japanese control, as follows:
a. Lists of all land, air and anti-aircraft units showing locations and strengths in officers and men.
b. Lists of all aircraft, military, naval and civil, giving complete information as to the number, type, location and condition of such aircraft.
c. Lists of all Japanese and Japanese-controlled naval vessels, surface and submarine and auxiliary naval craft in or out of commission and under construction giving their position, condition and movement.
d. Lists of all Japanese and Japanese-controlled merchant ships of over 100 gross tons, in or out of commission and under construction, including merchant ships formerly belonging to any of the United Nations which are now in Japanese hands, giving their position, condition and movement.
e. Complete and detailed information, accompanied by maps, showing locations and layouts of all mines, minefields and other obstacles to movement by land, sea or air and the safety lanes in connection therewith.
f. Locations and descriptions of all military installations and establishments, including airfields, seaplane bases, anti-aircraft defenses, ports and naval bases, storage depots, permanent and temporary land and coast fortifications, fortresses and other fortified areas.
g. Locations of all camps and other places of detention of United Nations prisoners of war and civilian internees.
III. Japanese armed forces and civil aviation authorities will insure that all Japanese military, naval and civil aircraft remain on the ground, on the water, or aboard ship, until further notification of the disposition to be made of them.
IV. Japanese or Japanese-controlled naval or merchant vessels of all types will be maintained without damage and will undertake no movement pending instructions from the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. Vessels at sea will immediately render harmless and throw overboard explosives of all types. Vessels not at sea will immediately remove explosives of all types to safe storage ashore.
V. Responsible Japanese or Japanese-controlled military and civil authorities will insure that:
a. All Japanese mines, minefields and other obstacles to movement by land, sea and air, wherever located, be removed according to instructions of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.
b. All aids to navigation be reestablished at once.
c. All safety lanes be kept open and clearly marked pending accomplishment of a above.
VI. Responsible Japanese and Japanese-controlled military and civil authorities will hold intact and in good condition pending further instructions from the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers the following:
a. All arms, ammunition, explosives, military equipment, stores and supplies, and other implements of war of all kinds and all other war material (except as specifically prescribed in Section IV of this order).
b. All land, water and air transportation and communication facilities and equipment.
c. All military installations and establishments, including airfields, seaplane bases, anti-aircraft defenses, ports and naval bases, storage depots, permanent and temporary land and coast fortifications, fortresses and other fortified areas, together with plans and drawings of all such fortifications, installations and establishments.
d. All factories, plants, shops, research institutions, laboratories, testing stations, technical data, patents, plans, drawings and inventions designed or intended to produce or to facilitate the production or use of all implements of war and other material and property used by or intended for use by any military or paramilitary organization in connection with its operations.
VII. The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters shall furnish to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, within (time limit) or receipt of this order, complete lists of all the items specified in paragraphs a, b, and d of Section VI, above, indicating the numbers, types and locations of each.
VIII. The manufacture and distribution of all arms, ammunition and implements of war will cease forthwith.
IX. With respect to United Nations prisoners of war and civilian internees in the hands of Japanese or Japanese-controlled authorities:
a. The safety and well-being of all United Nations prisoners of war and civilian internees will be scrupulously preserved, to include the administrative and supply services essential to provide adequate food, shelter, clothing, and medical care until such responsibility is undertaken by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers;
b. Each camp or other place of detention of United Nations prisoners of war and civilian internees together with its equipment, stores, records, arms, and ammunition will be delivered immediately to the command of the senior officer or designated representative of the prisoners of war and civilian internees;
c. As directed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, prisoners of war and civilian internees will be transported to places of safety where they can be accepted by allied authorities;
d. The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters will furnish to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, within (time limit) of the receipt of this order, complete lists of all United Nations prisoners of war and civilian internees, indicating their location.
X. All Japanese and Japanese-controlled military and civil authorities shall aid and assist the occupation of Japan and Japanese-controlled areas by forces of the Allied Powers.
XI. The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and appropriate Japanese officials shall be prepared, on instructions from Allied occupation commanders, to collect and deliver all arms in the possession of the Japanese civilian population.
XII. This and all subsequent instructions issued by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Forces or other allied military authorities will be scrapulously and promptly obeyed by Japanese and Japanese-controlled military and civil officials and private persons. Any delay or failure to comply with the provisions of this or subsequent orders, and any action which the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers determines to be detrimental to the Allied Powers, will incur drastic and summary punishment at the hands of allied military authorities and the Japanese Government.
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (August 11, 1945)
Military needs will continue for occupation
By George Zielke, Post-Gazette Washington correspondent
…
Nipponese aggression always outwardly sanctioned by ‘divine’ rule, hence fanaticism in conflict
By Richard Tompkins, Associated Press staff writer
…
The Pittsburgh Press (August 11, 1945)
Victory proclamation in Pacific war only matter of days away
…
General discloses weapon dropped on Nagasaki was different from one which hit Hiroshima
…