Military forces on the Eastern Front and Pacific Theatre fought in the Arctic region, but how impactful was it?
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The convoys to Murmansk did go north of the polar circel and information from wether stations in Svalbard (Spitsbergen and Green land was usefull for both alies and the Germans. There was some small scale firghting in both Spitsbergen and Greenland related to the disruption of Geman wether stations. You can find information about sm,al scale fighting by Danes against Germans in Greenland in the book The Slegdgepatrol by David Howard and about polar fighting in Spitsbergen in the book Arctic Airmen by Ernest Scofield and Roy Convers Nesbit.
These have some issues but still:
Finland’s War of Choice: The Troubled German-Finnish Coalition in World War II - by Henrik Lunde
Hitlers Forgotten Armies: Combat in Norway & Finland - by Bob Carruthers
Shortly about the events on land…
1939 - 41: The USSR invaded Finland. Where the Red Army performed very badly - which in turn increased Hitler’s interest in invading the USSR. Germany invaded Norway and took control of the whole length of the Norwegian coast. While not all that crucial at the time it had importance when the Western Allies started sending convoys to the USSR.
1941 - 44: Germans were wasting resources in area where they couldn’t really do much anything with the Finns helping and the Finns were not interested. Partly because the USA wanted to have Murmansk railroad open and Finns had no interest in annoying the USA. For Germans it was in many ways a dead end.
1944 - 45: Soviet northern front advances and the Lapland War begins (Finns vs Germans). Germans are pushed back but manage to withdraw orderly and retain most of Norway until the end of the war.
I’d say it was very important. A lot of supplies were send to the USSR from the USA via the artic convoys. Huge convoys were send around the North Cape to Murmansk and Archangelsk. And due to the thread of the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine (U boats and the Bismarck-class battleship KMS Tirpitz hiding in the Norwegian fjords) quite the large escord fleets were send with them. Fleets that could have been used elsewhere if the artic was not important. So yeah the Artic was very important for the war.