The Nuremberg Trial

Stalin guilty, senator says

By Daniel M. Kidney, Scripps-Howard staff writer

WASHINGTON – If Dictator Stalin were not a former ally, he might be tried under the Nuernberg rules as an “aggressor,” Sen. Willis (R-Indiana) said today.

He cited Russia’s seizure of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania and pointed to the constantly expanding puppet states now recognized as Stalinist satellites.

“From a purely legal standpoint, I think that Sen. Taft is right when he says that the Nuernberg-Nazi trials are a perversion of Anglo-American traditions of law and justice,” Sen. Willis commented.

“We never have believed in ex-post-facto law, except in some of our frontier cases in the Wild West days. Sen. Taft certainly has one of the finest legalistic minds of our time and his statement was courageous if impolitic.

“For myself I feel that the conscience of mankind demanded trial and punishment for these Nazi criminals. Were we to follow through and try all aggressors, it is difficult to see how Stalin could escape, except for the fact that he was an ally.”

Letter: ‘Far-sighted group,’ he calls them

Editor: Commenting on the acquittal of the German General Staff at Nuernberg, Col. D. F. Fritzsche, deputy American intelligence chief in Europe is quoted: “It is very encouraging to any staff officer that the court has not set a precedent under which he might some day be prosecuted just for doing his job.”

As the Associated Press dispatch from Frankfurt puts it: “United States Army officers hailed with satisfaction and relief the tribunal’s ruling that the German General Staff and high command were not criminal organizations.”

As, any intelligent civilian knows, the acts of aggression against which he may be called upon to sacrifice his life would be impossible without the co-operation and active participation of the general staff and high command, acting the role of paid thugs and murderers to a criminal government. That men must pay with their lives to stop such aggression seems of little concern to the American officers.

They are a far-sighted group. They can see the possibility that some time in the future the United States might be defeated by a resurgence of the German army or other aggressors, and in which the country may be ground under the heel of a brutal conquerer. “It is very encouraging to any staff officer” that his personal freedom and safety will be respected though the rubble of our cities be drenched in blood and lesser citizens be sold into slavery.

ROBERT G. CAFFREY
4514 Forbes St.

Allied council considers Nazis’ appeals

Refusal expected for clemency pleas

BERLIN (UP) – The Allied Control Council took up the appeal of 16 Nazi war criminals today, with high American military government officials predicting that all the Nuernberg sentences would be upheld.

The Council adjourned for the day with no statement.

If the Council sustains the sentences, Hermann Goering and 10 of his colleagues will die on the gallows a week from today, and the other convicts will begin serving prison terms.

Secrecy unsurpassed

The four military governors of occupied Germany who comprise the Control Council sat down with their advisers around a big table to take up the sentences which they can ease but not increase.

The Council began its deliberations in an atmosphere

On the Council’s table lay requests from Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel and Col. Gen. Alfred Jodl for execution by a firing squad instead of the prescribed hanging. There also was a request from Grand Adm. Erich Raeder to be shot instead of serving life imprisonment.

Ruling may be delayed

American Military Government officials said the Councils probably would need more than one day to reach a decision on all the appeals.

The Council met in the same room where Roland Freisler, former president of the German People’s Court, sentenced to death Mayor Karl Goerdeler of Leipzig and scores of other Germans for the July 1944 plot against Adolf Hitler.

The Waterbury Democrat (October 9, 1946)

Goering, Sauckel collapse

Nazi slave labor boss mental case, Army tells press

Nuernberg (UP) – An Army spokesman said today that of the 11 condemned Nazi war criminals, Hermann Goering had become a shattered and broken man, and Fritz Sauckel had become a “mental case.”

Maj. Frederick Teich, Army security officer for the Nuernberg Prison, reported the failings of two of the Nazis awaiting the outcome of their appeals and probable execution a week from today.

Only yesterday Teich said that none of the condemned men had shown any sign of collapse or breakdown. It appeared probable that in describing Goering as a completely broken man he was speaking in a general manner without reference to any current change in his condition.

Writes to dissolved tribunal

He said Sauckel, Nazi slave labor boss, had been propounding scientific theories both unique and fantastic. He recommended, Teich said, harnessing the North Sea winds in order to drain the sea and use the land for farming. He also recommended that Germany abandon steam and diesel engines in favor of sailing vessels because of the country’s coal and metal shortage.

Sauckel believes his death sentence resulted from mistranslation of a single sentence in the evidence that he would “squeeze the most out of foreign workers at the least possible cost.” He has written long letters to the now-dissolved tribunal about that point.

Teich said Goering, although a broken man, gets no sympathy from his fellow prisoners.

Sympathize with Jodl

Col. Gen. Alfred Jodl has the sympathy of the other Nazis, Teich said, and they think his request for a soldier’s death by shooting instead of hanging should be granted.

The others are hostile toward Marshal Wilhelm Keitel on grounds that he forfeited the right to any consideration by overstepping the bounds of the Prussian military code.

He said Raeder was worried and depressed by the disappearance of his wife.

Cummings: Nuernberg tribunal proof peace possible

By BETTY BLANCHARD

World peace and world order can be achieved if nations will realize that peace is indivisible, and that there is a marked difference between forfeiture of sovereignty and the forfeiture of nationalism, Philip Cummings, news analyst, geographer, and lecturer, told the Waterbury Women’s Club yesterday afternoon.

Asserting that both Russia and America, with its clashing ideologies, could overcome their national differences, and still retain their sovereignty, the right to govern the destiny of their peoples, the speaker pointed to the Nuernberg Military Tribunal as “living proof that nations can get along together under one government, and that such government, backed by an enforcement group, is workable.”

Opponents of world government who declare that participation in such organization would require the relinquishment of national sovereignty are ill-informed, the speaker said, since according to international law, sovereignty only authorizes the right of a nation to fulfill its own destiny.

Overthrowing prejudices

International unity demands, for most part, Mr. Cummings pointed out, the putting away of prejudices and pettiness, and the ability of nations to mind their own businesses as to the national policy of other nations. He further asserted that progress toward “one world” is dependent upon processes “slow in the making but necessarily so.”

As an illustration, Mr. Cummings pointed to American history which reveals that many of the delegates to the Continental Congress were doubtful whether the people of the various states could put away their differences and prejudices sufficiently to live peacefully under one government, and that only fear of the coming revolution forced them to ratify the Constitution.

“If our efforts in world organization of world peace appear to be slow in the making, we must remember that a fast-healing wound is dangerous,” he emphasized. “What the world needs today is not fear nor force, but a steadying influence and vision. We have grown to accept the process of war. We are beginning to believe that war is a preface or a planting for a future war. But we hope for something better.”

Political feuding

Once again referring to the statement that peace is indivisible, Mr. Cummings asserted if we are to be leaders in the effort for world peace, it is essential that we first settle our internal difficulties. Charging that political office-seekers often use foreign policy as a springboard to vote-getting, Mr. Cummings said: “The present stress in American-Soviet relations is not half so dangerous as the differences which exist between our President and our past Secretary of State. We fight our internal politics on whatever lines we find, and it is just as convenient to fight them on American-Russian relations as anything else.”

The first problem that America faces today, he continued, is the development of backbone and understanding of the position of this nation in world affairs.

He pointed to the fact that most Americans quiver when Pravda, the official Russian newspaper, makes a declaration in regard to American relations. Indifference, he said, will appear to be much more effective than fear. “Then it will be found that Pravda will stop making such assertions. We should have sufficient character to appear inviolable. But we get into a state of hypersensitivity. We should have the courage to tell Russia to mind her business, and we will mind ours.”

World peace first

Mr. Cummings emphasized the way to make peace with Russia, is to make peace the world first, and then included the Soviet. Since Russia will not change her ideology it is necessary for Americans to realize, he said, not merely that peace is indivisible, but we must include the Soviets in our peace plans, and that she holds more than one-sixth the world’s territory and has the largest frontier to defend in the world. He further asserted that Russia must be recognized as an imperial colonizing nation, as has been evidenced in her activities in Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and other satellite nations.

In conclusion, Mr. Cummings asserted that the recent verdict of the Nuernberg tribunal will prove a big factor in keeping world peace, because war-mongers and warmakers for the first time in world history were found not to be immune from judgment.

“It is the greatest step forward in the way of peace,” he said. “For no war criminal can today go free. And every leader, who violates human decencies, will suffer for his sins.”

Wiener Kurier (October 10, 1946)

Alliierter Rat wird heute Entscheid über Gnadengesuche bekanntgeben

Beratungen über das Vermögen der Hauptkriegsverbrecher

Berlin (INS.) - Der Alliierte Kontrollrat für Deutschland hielt gestern eine vorläufige Beratung über die Gnadengesuche der durch den Nürnberger Gerichtshof verurteilten Hauptkriegsverbrecher ab. Die Sitzung wurde am Nachmittag geschlossen, ohne daß der Rat Erklärungen über den Inhalt der Konferenz abgab. Es wurde jedoch angedeutet, daß ein abschließendes Kommuniqué über das Schicksal der verurteilten Hauptkriegsverbrecher wahrscheinlich heute veröffentlicht wird.

Der Alliierte Kontrollrat für Deutschland wird sich in seiner derzeitigen Sitzung auch mit der Frage der Verwendung des Vermögens der in Nürnberg verurteilten deutschen Hauptkriegsverbrecher beschäftigen.

Nach Mitteilung des Sekretariats stehen für die weitere Verwendung der Vermögen der ehemaligen Führer des Dritten Reiches zwei Pläne zur Beratung: Ein Vorschlag sieht die Verwendung dieser Vermögenswerte im Rahmen des deutschen Reparationsprogrammes vor, während eine andere Gruppe für die Sammlung dieser Vermögen in einem „Wiedergutmachungsfonds“ eintritt, aus dem Opfer des Naziterrors laufende Zuwendungen und Beihilfen erhalten sollen.

Die drei Freigesprochenen kommen vor deutsche Gerichte

Nürnberg (WK.) - Schacht, der jetzt in Stuttgart auf das Verfahren des deutschen Entnazifizierungsgerichts wartet, wurde gestern von seiner Frau besucht. Später sprach Frau Schacht bei dem Leiter der amerikanischen Militärregierung von Württemberg-Baden, Oberst Dawson, vor, um, wie man annimmt, die Freilassung ihres Mannes bis zu dem Prozeß zu erwirken.

Nach einer Meldung des amerikanischen Nachrichtendienstes in Deutschland kündigte ein Sprecher des Koordinierungsamtes des Länderrates gestern an, daß gegen Schacht in Stuttgart verhandelt werden wird.

Wie die amerikanische Nachrichtenagentur in Deutschland weiter berichtet, wurden gemäß einer Mitteilung der Presseabteilung des bayerischen Staatsgerichtshofes von Papen und Fritzsche durch den Ministerpräsidenten von Bayern angewiesen, Nürnberg nicht zu verlassen. Der bayerische Ministerpräsident hat einen Erlaß herausgegeben, daß sowohl von Papen als auch Fritzsche von einem Denazifizierungsgericht abgeurteilt und beide - wie der Erlaß hinzufügt - verhaftet werden sollen, falls sie Nürnberg zu verlassen versuchen.

Deutsche Staaten und Provinzen fordern auch Überlassung der Nürnberger Verbrecher

Berlin (Reuter) - Nach einer Meldung des amerikanischen Nachrichtendienstes in Deutschland von gestern abend geht aus einem von der Alliierten Kontrollkommission herausgegebenen Kommuniqué hervor, daß von sieben deutschen Staaten, vier Provinzen und zwei freien Städten im März dieses Jahres das Ansuchen gestellt worden ist, die Nürnberger Kriegsverbrecher deutschen Gerichten zu überstellen.

Österreichs Auslieferungsantrag überreicht

Wien (ACA.) - Der österreichische Justiz-minister überreichte gestern der Alliierten Kommission für Österreich einen offiziellen Antrag der Bundesregierung auf Auslieferung Papens und Schirachs zur Aburteilung in Wien.

Raeders Frau ist verschwunden

Die Frau des Angeklagten Erich Raeder wird seit dem 26. September vermißt, wie Beamte des Nürnberger Gefängnisses gestern bekanntgaben. Frau Raeder hatte an diesem Tag Berlin in Begleitung einer russischen Wachmannschaft verlassen, um ihren Gatten in Nürnberg zu besuchen.

Königin Wilhelmine wird Seyß-Inquarts Gnadengesuch nicht unterstützen

Den Haag (UP.) - Königin Wilhelmine von Holland hat beschlossen, das Gnadengesuch für den ehemaligen Reichskommissar für die Niederlande, Arthur Seyß-Inquart, das bereits dem Alliierten Kontrollrat in Berlin übermittelt wurde, nicht zu unterstützen.

Nazipressechef Dietrich schreibt ein Buch

Frankfurt (AP) - Wie das Hauptquartier der 3. amerikanischen Armee gestern bekanntgab, hat der ehemalige „Reichspressechef“ Otto Dietrich, der seinerzeit mit dem Buch „Mit Hitler an die Macht“ ein ansehnliches Vermögen verdiente, nunmehr einen Fortsetzungsband unter dem Titel „Mit Hitler in den Untergang“ veröffentlicht.

„Ohne Papen wäre Hitler nie Reichskanzler geworden“

Schuschnigg in einer belgischen Zeitung

Brüssel (APA.) - „Die Rolle, die von Papen in Wien gespielt hat, war nichts anderes als die eines Vollzugsorgans“, erklärte Exkanzler Schuschnigg im Verlaufe eines der „Libre Belgique“ gewährten Interviews. Schuschnigg fügte hinzu, daß die schwerste Verantwortlichkeit Papens in der Hilfe liege, die er Hitler vor dessen Machtergreifung geleistet habe „Ohne von Papen“, sagte er, „wäre Hitler niemals Reichskanzler geworden.“

Die Vorträge Schuschniggs haben in Belgien erbitterten Widerspruch und lebhafte Zwischenfälle in Brüssel und Lüttich ausgelöst. Der Gemeinderat von Brüssel hat in Erwägung gezogen, die, Vorträge zu verbieten.

The Evening Star (October 10, 1946)

Nazi doctors to face Allied trial on Nov. 15

NUERNBERG (AP) – American authorities said today that German doctors charged with using human beings as guinea pigs for inhuman experiments in SS (Elite Guard) laboratories would face trial about November 15 in renewed war crimes proceedings in Nuernberg.

Attorneys said SS officials and doctors involved in such experiments on concentration camp inmates and other persons would be grouped together in the first of a series of six trials. The second group, they said, would include Nazi People’s Court judges who issued summary death sentences, often without even hearing defense testimony.

At least a dozen doctors engaged in so-called medical experiments for the SS have been brought here for trial and an entire corridor of the Nuernberg courthouse has been roped off for weeks for the interrogation of witnesses.

Experimental laboratories were discovered by invading Allied armies in several areas of Germany.

‘Consorting’ with Nazis’ wives by Americans at trial charged

SEATTLE (AP) – Sen. Mitchell (D-Washington) said last night he had transmitted reports to the Senate War Investigating Committee that unidentified members of the U.S. prosecutor’s staff “consorted” with wives of some of the Nazis they prosecuted at Nuernberg.

Sen. Mitchell said he was not making the charges which, he said, “were given to me by International News Service, which asked that I transmit them to the Kilgore Committee, which I did. A Kilgore Committee investigator is being sent.”

The senator said he could not now identify the accused men.


In Wheeling, West Virginia, Sen. Kilgore (D-West Virginia), chairman of the investigating committee, said, “I personally have never heard of such a charge, and it was not brought up in the committee.”

Chief Counsel George Meader, to whom Sen. Mitchell said he sent the report, told newsmen in Washington he had not received it and knew nothing about it. Mr. Meader was due to leave yesterday for Europe to make a survey of American occupation activities for the committee, but was delayed by weather conditions.

Editorial: Relics from Nuernberg

It has been reported from London that the flags of the United States, Great Britain, France, and Russia which hung behind the judges at the Nazi war trials at Nuernberg are to come to the Library of Congress for permanent preservation. With these precious relics of the first international proceedings against the authors of global strife will be associated the originals of all documents introduced by the American prosecutors. The greatest bibliographic establishment in the world obviously is a proper depository for any and all such material. Already installed under its roof are the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States in which the principles of democracy and justice first effectively were set forth in modern times. The universal public now is learning that those pronouncements of the eighteenth century had application everywhere, among all nations. It has been demonstrated that, just as tyranny in any place is a threat to liberty in every place, freedom and equity are forces for good wherever they may appear.

The trials at Nuernberg may seem mere acts of vengeance to some persons. But to a much larger number they are important because of the fact that they represent a legitimate attempt to make the elementary moral law of righteousness and fair dealing a truly dynamic power in human experience. The end is not yet, of course. Pure justice, like pure fellowship, is a value to be obtained only by generations of endeavor. One day the flags from the Nuernberg courtroom and the documents offered by the American delegation there may be displayed in the Library of Congress in company with flags flown and papers recorded in the ultimate tribunal, the definitive parliament in which the whole population of the earth will be joined.