Battle of Okinawa (1945)

34

The Pittsburgh Press (April 8, 1945)

FOURTH OF JAP FLEET WIPED OUT
Carrier force sinks Tokyo’s largest ship

8 others blasted – 403 planes destroyed
Sunday, April 8, 1945

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Steady advances on Okinawa are reported by Adm. Nimitz. Marines gained 3,000 yards on the north of the American front while Army troops advanced on two airports in the south.

GUAM (UP) – U.S. carrier planes wiped out approximately one quarter of Japan’s remaining naval strength Saturday by sinking the 40,000-ton battleship Yamato, the most powerful warship left to the enemy, and destroying or damaging eight other war vessels off the southern tip of Japan.

In addition, the Japs lost 403 planes in two days of frantic and largely unsuccessful attacks on the American invasion forces on Okinawa and in nearby waters.

Adm. Chester W. Nimitz revealed in a communiqué that 12 of a small group of enemy lanes attacking U.S. forces Saturday off Okinawa in a follow-up of Friday’s big assault were shot down to add to the earlier bag of 391 Jap aircraft.

3 U.S. destroyers sunk

The Americans lost seven planes in the attack on the enemy fleet; they lost three destroyers sunk and several other destroyers and smaller craft damaged in the Jap air attacks around Okinawa.

The Japs were trying desperately to interfere with the Okinawa invasion which put U.S. ground troops within less than 400 miles of the Jap mainland. But Adm. Nimitz announced that the American advances on Okinawa continued.

In Washington, a Navy spokesman said that what remains of the Jap fleet is a “not-so-powerful task force which could be easily handled” by any one of the major task forces of the mammoth U.S. Pacific Fleet. He said, “It looks like a good 25 percent of the remaining naval Jap combat force” was wiped out.

Sighted by planes

Adm. Nimitz said the Jap fleet was sighted early today by Navy search planes. It had left the Japanese Inland Sea, where U.S. bombers riddled naval hideouts last month, and headed into the East China Sea, passing south of Kyushu.

Vice Adm. Marc A. Mitscher started a fast carrier task force in that direction. At midday, his planes struck.

About 50 miles southwest of Kyushu, southernmost of the main Jap islands, they sank the Yamato with at least eight torpedoes and eight heavy bombs; a light cruiser of the 6,000-ton Agano class, a smaller cruiser or heavy destroyer, and three destroyers.

Three left burning

Three other destroyers were left burning, and Adm. Nimitz’s communiqué said that only about three destroyers escaped. All enemy ships were strafed heavily with rockets and machine guns.

The naval spokesman in Washington said he believed the number of Jap destroyers in the task force may have been overestimated in the excitement of battle, because the Japs probably didn’t have that many destroyers to spare for screening a task force.

After the terrific losses they had taken over Okinawa, the Japs could muster no planes to protect the task force. They put up a heavy screen of anti-aircraft fire, but to no avail.

The Yamato was Japan’s newest battleship. It was laid down in 1938 or 1939 and was believed to have been commissioned after war began in the Pacific. Although estimated at more than 40,000 tons, its exact size is not known. It had a speed of 30 knots or better.

Task groups participating in the attack on the Jap vessels were commanded by Rear Adm. F. C. Sherman, A. W. Redford, G. F. Bogan and J. J. Clark.

Adm. Nimitz said that on Okinawa, Marines of Maj. Gen. Roy s. Geiger’s III Amphibious Corps advanced steadily in the northern sector of Okinawa up to noon Saturday. At that time, it had driven about 3,000 yards to the vicinity of Nago on the west coast to Orbay on the east.

On the south, infantry of the XXIV Army Corps were meeting heavy gunfire from Jap artillery and mortars, but they made a 2,000-yard advance along the east coast and occupied the town of Tsuwa.

United Press writer James MacLean reported that the Army men were fighting savagely to seize three 1,500-foot-high ridges which bar their way to Naha, Jap naval base town, and to the Machinato and Yonabaru airstrips. The Machinato strip is on the west coast and the Yonabaru on the east.

Fighting was becoming more bloody by the hour. The Japs were battling skillfully from caves, trenches and pillboxes rather than expending troops in suicide charges.

The British carrier task force operating under Adm. Nimitz’s overall command, returned to the Sakishima Islands south of the Ryukyus for a two-day strike against airfields and other installations. British pilots destroyed five Jap planes in the air and three on the ground.

Latest box score of Pacific war

Saturday, April 7, 1945

GUAM (UP) – The following is an official recapitulation of Jap and American warship and plane losses in the major air and sea engagements in the Pacific:

CORAL SEA

Japan U.S.
Warships sunk 5 3
Warships damaged 4 1
Planes lost 132 66

MIDWAY

Japan U.S.
Warships sunk 10 2
Warships damaged 7 No estimate
Planes lost 350 150

GUADALCANAL

Japan U.S.
Warships sunk 18 9
Warships damaged 8 10
Planes lost 70 30

PHILIPPINE SEA

Japan U.S.
Warships sunk 5 0
Warships probably sunk 2 0
Warships damaged 11* 3
Planes lost 429 100

(*superficially)

LEYTE GULF

Japan U.S.
Warships sunk 25 5
Warships damaged 33 Few small craft
Planes lost 423 No estimate

OKINAWA

Japan U.S.
Warships sunk 6 3
Warships damaged 3 Several destroyers
Planes lost 391 7
35

General pictures Okinawa as potent advance base

Much work needed to use its advantages – plans made by men who never saw island
By William McGaffin
Saturday, April 7, 1945

WITH THE U.S. TENTH ARMY ON OKINAWA – The general, who will command this island after its capture has been completed, is looking ahead to the time when it will be the Pearl Harbor of the Western Pacific – a more potent advance base even than Guam.

Among its assets, according to his view, are:

  • It has a good fleet anchorage – one of those considered among the finest in the Far East.

  • It has plenty of room in its 485-square-mile area for use as a staging base for troops and planes.

  • It is close to Japan. From Naha, its capital city, to Kageshima, capital of Kyushu, southernmost of the Japanese mainland chain, is only as far as the distance from Chicago to Kansas City. Medium bombers can operate an effortless shuttle run to the mainland, a couple of hours’ flight.

Extra bombing arm

Thus, an extra bombing arm can be brought to bear, in addition to Superfortresses, flying out of the Marianas and Liberators, capable of attacking Japan from recently-captured Iwo Jima.

We have come a long way since December 7, 1941, when Pearl Harbor was our nearest bombing base to Japan.

Much labor and material must be poured in, of course, before the island commander’s vision of a remodeled Okinawa becomes a powerful reality.

Some of the tasks

Here are some of the tasks on his list:

  • Dredging of and pier construction on Nakagusuku Bay, the superior anchorage on the east coast, and on Chimu Bay, her sister anchorage on the north side of the west coast.

  • Development of Okinawa’s six airfields into longer, sturdier airdromes.

  • Transformation of the present “excellent network of poor roads” into several hundred miles of two-lane, modern, coral highways so that approaches can be made from two directions to any point on the island, at present a physical impossibility.

  • Hospitals for Navy and Army personnel and Okinawa civilians.

  • A health program for civilians, who are fortunately proving to be friendly, and a general effort to improve island sanitation.

Twice size of Guam

Okinawa, 60 miles in length and three to 10 miles wife, is more than twice the size of Guam, and it has a better climate. At present what construction is being done is exclusively for tactical purposes. but the island commander is ready with complete plans when his Marines and doughboys finish occupying the ground.

Incidentally, the commander is pretty proud of these plans, which bright young men on his staff drew up while thousands of miles away, with the aid only of photographs and maps. None of these “architects” had ever laid eyes on the place. Now they are able to start walking over the ground and checking their plans.

And the plans are proving to be so well drawn, according to the commander, that no changes are necessary.

“Even the sites we chose for dump locations are right on the beam,” says he, proudly.

36

U.S. Navy Department (April 8, 1945)

CINCPOA Communiqué No. 326

On the afternoon of April 7 (East Longitude Date), the XXIV Army Corps drove into heavily defended terrain in the southern sector of Okinawa and captured the villages of Uchitomari and Kaniku. The enemy resisted stubbornly from numerous pillboxes and blockhouses which are emplaced to take full advantage of the broken terrain. In the north, Marines of the III Amphibious Corps continued to move northward rapidly against negligible opposition. Four enemy aircraft appeared in the Okinawa area on April 7 and all were shot down.

On the following day, XXIV Corps troops made small gains against heavy opposition in the south. By 1800 of that date the front line on their right had moved forward about 200 yards and on the left about 400 yards. Heavy artillery was used by the enemy throughout the night and day. Our troops are being supported by ships’ gunfire, carrier aircraft and field artillery. In the northern sector of the island on April 8, Marines of the III Amphibious Corps had moved 3,000 to 4,800 yards westward along Motobu peninsula by nightfall.

Fighters of the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing have begun to use the captured airfields on Okinawa. MajGen F. P. Mulcahy, USMC, is present in command of the tactical air forces on shore at Okinawa. Nine enemy aircraft were destroyed on April 8 by various forces.

By the end of April 7, 30,000 civilians were under care of the U.S. Military Government on Okinawa. Native housing is being utilized fully.

Carrier aircraft attacked shipping and installations in the area of the Amami group on April 8. A small cargo ship was set afire and a lugger destroyed.

37

Vorarlberger Tagblatt (April 9, 1945)

Japans Flotte griff ein

4 US-Schlachtschiffe versenkt und schwer beschädigt

Tokio – In die schweren Kämpfe im Gebiete der Ryukyu-Inseln hat jetzt auch die japanische Flotte aktiv mit großem Erfolg eingegriffen.

Wie es in einem Bericht des kaiserlichen Hauptquartiers heißt, führten japanische Lufteinheiten und Kriegsschiffe in der Nacht zum 5. April wiederholt Angriffe gegen feindliche Flottenverbande im Gebiete der Okinawa-Insel und versenkten zwei ausgebaute Flugzeugträger, 1 Schlachtschiff, 6 Kriegsschiffe unbekannten Typs, 1 Zerstörer und 5 Transporter.

Schwer beschädigt wurden: 3 weitere US-Schlachtschiffe, 3 Kreuzer, 6 Kriegsschiffe nicht näher bezeichneten Typs und 7 Transporter.

Auf japanischer Seite gingen verloren: ein Schlachtschiff, 1 Kreuzer und 3 Zerstörer, die gesunken find.

38

U.S. Navy Department (April 9, 1945)

CINCPOA Communiqué No. 327

About half of Motobu Peninsula was brought under U.S. control by Marines of the III Amphibious Corps on Okinawa on April 9 (East Longitude Date). A general advance of 3,000 to 4,000 yards was made during the day against opposition which continued to be scattered and ineffective. Advance elements of the III Corps on Ishikawa Isthmus were reported in the vicinity of Kushibaru Town.

The XXIV Army Corps made small local gains in the southern sector against enemy opposition which continued to be heavy. The volume of enemy small arms and machine-gun fire on the southern front increased during the day of April 9, and mortar and artillery fire continued to be heavy. Heavy gunfire from fleet units was concentrated on enemy installations in southern Okinawa during the day resulting in destruction of guns, emplacements, barracks, and small craft. Carrier aircraft from the Pacific Fleet and both Army and Marine artillery supported the attacking U.S. Army troops. During the evening of April 9, about 10 enemy aircraft attacked our forces in the area of Okinawa. Seven were destroyed.

Army Black Widow night-fighters attacked targets in the Bonins on the nights of April 8 and 9. Army Mustangs of the VII Fighter Command made daylight attacks on enemy installations in the Bonins on the same dates.

Ammunition dumps, storage dumps, buildings and other installations in the Palaus were destroyed on April 8 and 9 by Corsair fighters and Avenger torpedo planes of the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing.

A single search Privateer of Fleet Air Wing Two bombed installations on Wake Island on the night of April 8.

On the same date, Helldiver bombers of the 4th MarAirWing continued neutralizing attacks on enemy positions in the Marshalls.

39

CINCPOA Press Release No. 65

For Immediate Release
April 9, 1945

During the heaviest aerial attacks on our forces around Okinawa on 8 April (East Longitude Date), VADM Richmond Kelly Turner, USN, received the following report via voice radio from a minesweeper under his command:

We have been hit twice in attacks by two aircraft but we splashed the third one. Six wounded in action. We are now taking a damaged destroyer in tow.

40

The Pittsburgh Press (April 9, 1945)

Wedge driven into Jap line on Okinawa

U.S. invaders seize third of island

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Gaining on Okinawa, U.S. forces held more than a third of the Jap island. On the southern sector, U.S. Army troops drove a wedge into the Jap defense line above Naha. On the north, U.S. Marines drove to cut off the Motobu Peninsula.

GUAM (UP) – U.S. Tenth Army troops have wedged into the enemy’s first major defense line before Naha, capital of Okinawa, in fighting approaching the fury of the bloody Iwo campaign, front reports said today.

Casualties on both sides were mounting, but the Americans were killing three to 18 Japs for every American killed, United Press writer Mac R. Johnson reported from the invasion flagship.

Soldiers of the XXIV Corps penetrated the first Jap defense line in slugging advances of 200 to 400 yards yesterday after capturing Uchitomari, four miles north of Naha, and Kaniku, 4½ miles northeast, Saturday.

Hold third of island

The advances, coupled with an almost unopposed Marine push in Central Okinawa, brought one-third or more of the island under American control as the invasion entered its second week.

As on Iwo, the Jap defenders of Naha were fighting from caves, interlocking pillboxes and other strongpoints on heights from which they could sweep the advancing Americans with crossfire.

Frequent hand-to-hand combats were developing as the Americans hit deeper into defenses manned by upwards of 60,000 Japs. One knoll alone was found to have as many as 15 entrances to its underground tunnels and caverns, where large quantities of supplies and ammunition were found.

At night, the Japs were attempting their favorite tactics of infiltration. Some American troops were killing Japs within two or three of their foxholes in the night blackness.

Japanese batteries opened fire on American guns emplaced on Keise Island, some eight miles west of Naha, and a violent artillery battle followed. U.S. battleships silenced the enemy guns.

Use captured airfields

Despite the fury of the fighting, Col. Brainard Prescott of East Aurora, New York, a Tenth Army staff officer, said casualties on Okinawa were much less than originally estimated.

Marines of the III Amphibious Corps drove another 3,000 to 4,000 yards north along the Motobu Peninsula in Central Okinawa against almost nonexistent resistance.

The advance was rapidly cutting off the peninsula and threatening to engulf 17 villages. Its pace indicated the Marines soon would have all Northern Okinawa in their hands, enabling them to turn back south to reinforce the drive on Naha, a city of 65,000.

Marine fighters were already using the two captured airfields in Central Okinawa.

Thirteen enemy planes were shot down by U.S. aircraft and anti-aircraft guns Saturday and Sunday in the Okinawa area.

By Saturday night, a communiqué said, 30,000 Okinawa civilians were being cared for by the U.S. Military Government on the island.

41

Okinawa victims arrive at Guam

GUAM (UP) – Wounded Marines and soldiers from Okinawa Island arrived here simultaneously today aboard a hospital ship and the first Navy evacuation plane to land in the Ryukyus.

The wounded on the hospital ship were men who had been hit early in the campaign but the big four-engined R5D – Navy’s version of the Army’s flying ambulance – carried 23 patients wounded Saturday and one who had been hit this morning.

Aboard the plane was Ens. Jane Kendeigh of Henrietta, Ohio, who was the first nurse to land at Iwo Jima and Okinawa.

The hospital ship brought 431 patients. Nine men died en route.

42

Jap pilots get ‘morale’ wine

OKINAWA – This label was bound on a bottle of sake – a white Jap wine – confiscated by our advancing troops.

Aviation grape sake. Army provisions depot. Description: A special strong, refined mixture is added to this delicious grape sake to overcome exhaustion and to restore good spirits quickly. NOTICE: Use to restore spirits after landing. Do not use to excess before flying. (Signed) Okuro Grape Sake Co., Inc.

43

Civilians cause little trouble on Okinawa

30,000 surrender in first week
By William McGaffin

WITH THE U.S. TENTH ARMY ON OKINAWA – Okinawan civilians, surrendering by the thousands, are giving so little trouble that we are already turning them loose in the fields to harvest their crops and allowing them to live in their own villages instead of in camps.

By the end of our first week on Okinawa, 30,000 civilians had given themselves up. Mostly these natives are farmers and fishermen. The former live in villages and work little patches of sweet potatoes – their subsistence.

It is too early yet to make much of a generalization, of course, said Lt. Col. Donald T. Winder of Oak Park, Illinois, military government officer for the Marine III Amphibious Corps, but, from experience to date, the civilian problem looks as if it will be much easier than many people had expected.

Met them at Saipan

As for the colonel himself, he says he is not much surprised for he learned the caliber of these civilians when he first met them at Saipan.

The situation, Col. Winder said, is much better here than at Saipan in some respects. There has not been a single suicide here as far as he has heard. But, of course, he adds, only a relatively small percentage of the island’s 500,000 people has been heard from so far.

Many of these people seem to have ties with America and to be eager to demonstrate their sympathy with us.

Col. Winder said that we are having no trouble getting civilians to surrender – in fact they are coming in faster than we can take care of them.

“You let two persons go back to get clothes and coffee pots and they return with 50 others.”

Observe curfew

Civilians are well disciplined, observe the curfew well and give us little trouble. They have tried no sabotage to Col. Winder’s knowledge.

There are comparatively few wounded as most of hem took refuge in homemade shelters or fled to caves and valleys. The injured are being treated now in civilian hospitals that we have set up.

Try to share food

They are so grateful for medical assistance that they try to share their food with us. At first, we gave them K rations. Now they are getting brown, native rice from the large stocks we have found in caves and abandoned stores.

The Marines are doing their share to keep the kids happy. The children stand grinning along the dusty roads yelling “Chow, chow” – it didn’t take long for them to pick up the Marine word for food. And it always brings a shower of candy bars from passing Marines.

Villages to which Okinawans have returned are pretty well demolished by our pre-invasion bombing and shelling. But the natives seem to bear us no ill will, at least outwardly.

44

Oberdonau-Zeitung (April 10, 1945)

Japaner versenken weitere 17 Kriegsschiffe

Feindliche Flottenverbände ziehen sich zurück

Tokio, 9. April – Die Amerikaner haben seit Beginn ihrer Landungen auf Okinawa-Honto bis zum 7. April rund 600 Mann und über 100 Tanks verloren, während sich die Verluste der Japaner auf etwa 400 Mann belaufen.

Auch die Schiffsverluste des Gegners sind in den letzten Tagen noch erheblich gestiegen. Außer den bereits bekanntgegebenen Versenkungen verloren die Amerikaner noch ein großes Kriegsschiff unbekannter Klasse, drei Kreuzer, zehn Zerstörer, drei Minensucher und dreizehn Schiffe unbekannten Typs. Beschädigt wurden vier Kreuzer, vier Zerstörer, zwei Minensucher und acht Schiffe unbekannter Klasse.

Letzte Berichte vom Kriegsschauplatz in den Gewässern der Ryukyu-Inseln deuten darauf hin, dass sich die feindlichen Flottenverbände nach dem schweren Angriff japanischer Luft- und Flotteneinheiten mit erheblichen Verlusten in südlicher und östlicher Richtung zurückziehen.

45

U.S. Navy Department (April 10, 1945)

CINCPOA Communiqué No. 328

After beating off two small counterattacks on Motobu Peninsula on the evening of April 9 (East Longitude Date), Marines of the III Amphibious Corps on Okinawa continued their advance on April 10, moving their lines generally about 2,500 yards westward to the Manna River on the south and Unten Bay on the north. Enemy submarine pens at Unten Bay and other installations were captured. On Ishikawa Isthmus, Marines moved northward to the vicinity of Tsuwa Village.

The XXIV Army Corps in the southern sector of the Okinawa battle continued to meet stubborn enemy resistance along its entire front. At 1800 on April 10 there were no substantial changes in the lines. Backed by heavy artillery fire, the enemy made several unsuccessful counterattacks against our positions. Army troops were supported by intense Marine and Army artillery fire by carrier aircraft and by naval gunfire from major units of the Pacific Fleet.

Elements of the XXIV Army Corps landed on Tsugen Island about ten miles off the east coast of Okinawa on the morning of April 10 encountering some enemy resistance.

At the end of April 8, our forces on Okinawa had killed 5,009 of the enemy and had taken 222 prisoners of war. At that time, 43,378 civilians were under care of the U.S. Military Government.

Search aircraft of Fleet Air Wing One bombed hangars and barracks on Tanega Island in the northern Ryukyus on April 10.

Army Black Widow night-fighters strafed and bombed installations in the Bonins on the night of April 9-10. VII Fighter Command Mustangs bombed docks and shipping at Chichi Jima on April 10 scoring a hit on a small cargo ship.

Targets in the Palaus were struck by Hellcat and Corsair fighters of the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing on April 10.

46

The Pittsburgh Press (April 10, 1945)

Yanks invade key island off Okinawa

Biggest artillery battle of Pacific war rages

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New Pacific landing by U.S. troops on Tsukata Island, eight miles off the southeast coast of Okinawa, was reported by the Japs. U.S. forces on Okinawa reached Onaha on the southeast coast. Marines in the north sealed off Motobu Peninsula and occupied half of it.

GUAM (UP) – Tokyo said today that U.S. troops have landed on Tsukata Island controlling the entrance to nearly-conquered Nakagusuku Bay naval anchorage in Southeast Okinawa.

Other troops spearing along the shore of the bay on Okinawa advanced more than a mile and a half to Onaha, on the edge of Yonabaru Airfield and a mile and a half north of the port of Yonabaru itself, a Tokyo Domei Agency broadcast said.

Bud Foster of NBC, in a pooled broadcast from Okinawa today, said U.S. infantrymen were “attacking with heavy mortar fire pouring on them from deep, thick defense lines.” He said ambulances “virtually unused before yesterday,” were moving in long lines over narrow, muddy roads carrying wounded to the beach.

U.S. destroyers and other warcraft have already entered Nakagusuku Bay, the broadcast said.

Landing reported Sunday

U.S. sources were unable to confirm the reported east coast developments, but said the greatest artillery battle of the Pacific war was underway in the southwest coast sector as the U.S. XXIV Army Corps stormed deeper into defenses shielding the capital city of Naha.

Gen. O. P. Smith, deputy chief of staff for the Tenth Army, said more battalions of artillery were supporting the ground forces than ever before in the Pacific. The concentration of guns per yard nearly equals the maximum known in warfare, he said.

Domei said U.S. troops landed on Tsukata Island some eight miles off the southeast coast of Okinawa Sunday afternoon. The dispatch made no claim that the forces had been repulsed and it was possible the Americans quickly overran the tiny island.

During the landing operations, Tokyo said, Jap forces – presumably with artillery – sank one large American destroyer and a small craft.

More than two-thirds of the Okinawa coast of the bay has already been cleared by XXIV Army Corps troops. Yonabaru, its principal port, lies at the southwest corner.

Once Nakagusuku Bay has been cleared, the American command will have an excellent naval anchorage within easy striking range of the Jap homeland and the China coast.

Battle for caves

On the west coast and in the interior, U.S. soldiers were fighting from cave to cave and pillbox and pillbox, in a battle as vicious and as savage as ever fought in the Pacific, front dispatches said.

Gains were limited to enlarge the Americans fought to enlarge their wedge in the enemy’s major defense line two miles above Machinato Airfield and four miles north of Naha.

United Press writer Edward Thomas reported from the front:

The troops are doing a lot of traveling on their bellies in slow advances. One general described “White Hill” as the strongest prepared position he ever had seen and said steel and concrete reinforcements made it similar to spots in the Siegfried Line.

The 184th Regiment of the 7th Infantry Division captured a triangular Jap point of resistance centered on a burial vault in fierce fighting, but lost it to a Jap counterattack. Reorganizing, the Americans attacked from two sides and recaptured the point, this time holding it.

Jap broadcasts estimated that more than 100 U.S. warships, including eight battleships, were shelling Okinawa.

Naha itself, the largest and most modern city in the Ryukyu Island chain, was gradually being flattened by the unprecedented bombardment.

Jap guns were also laying down a heavy barrage.

In northern Okinawa, Marines of the III Amphibious Corps sealed off Motobu Peninsula and occupied half of it in advances of 3,000 to 4,000 yards against scattered and ineffective enemy resistance yesterday.

Blast 7 Jap planes

The thrust to the north completed the occupation of 160 of Okinawa’s 485 square miles.

Ten Jap planes attacked the Okinawa area during last evening and seven were destroyed. Two U.S. planes were lost in a collision over the Jap-held portion of the island. Their pilot parachuted, but the Japs fired on them as they floated toward the ground and little hope was held for either.

The Japs attempted several suicide boat attacks on American shipping off Okinawa. One suicide boat blew up too soon and the two Jap crewmen were killed as they attempted to swim to shore. The others were driven off before they could do any damage.

47

Japs threaten big attacks

GUAM (UP) – Radio Tokyo said today that Japan was determined to send its “whole fleet and whole air force” into action to halt the American offensive in the Ryukyus.

What the broadcast failed to say, however, was that U.S. warships and planes have already destroyed or damaged more than 25 Jap warships and 2,000 aircraft sent against them in the past month.

48

Flier who bombed Yamato sees ship burn from sea

Lieutenant rescued after spending four hours on raft in midst of Jap task force
By Mac R. Johnson, United Press staff writer

ABOARD ADM. TURNER’S FLAGSHIP, Okinawa – A young Navy pilot parachuted from his burning plane into the middle of the doomed Jap task force off Kyushu Saturday. He watched from the water for four hours while the Japs tried futilely to save their 40,000-ton battleship Yamato.

The pilot, Lt. (j.g.) William Ernest Delaney of Detroit was rescued under the cover of smoke from the burning Yamato by a twin-engined Navy patrol bomber piloted by Lt. James R. Young of Central City, Kentucky, while a second bomber circled the area to divert any enemy fire.

Four hits on Yamato

Lt. Delaney told newsmen today that he scored four direct hits on the super-battleship with 500-pound bombs from 1,400 feet, but the resulting explosions set his dive bomber afire.

He said:

There was a loud explosion under the fuselage. Then the cockpit filled with smoke and fumes. One wing was on fire.

I was afraid the plane would explode and ordered my crew (runner and radioman) to jump. They bailed out five miles southwest of the Jap task force. I watched their parachutes open. Then I jumped.

Warships circle him

Lt. Delaney said he landed in the water in the middle of the enemy task force and inflated his life raft. Enemy warships circled him wildly. He stayed out of the raft most of the time so it would be more difficult for the Japanese to detect him.

Once a Jap destroyer approached within 400 yards of the raft, but pulled away when the crew apparently decided the raft was empty.

“At first, I was so cold and tired when the Jap ‘can’ approached, I thought of giving myself up,” Lt. Delaney said. “But I decided they might only shoot me, so I stayed behind the raft.”

Yamato dead in water

Lt. Delaney said the Yamato was dead in the water and never did change its position in relation to him, indicating that both he and the battleship were drifting in the same direction at the same time.

He said:

I saw planes of our second main wave attack the enemy force about 2 p.m. At least one more bomb hit was scored on the Yamato, because I saw a huge pillar of black smoke go up from her.

Over on the horizon, there was a terrific flash and explosion. I guess that was a Jap destroyer blowing up.

Lt. Delaney saw another destroyer approach close enough to throw a line to the Yamato, but it pulled away when the second wave of planes appeared.

Plane spots raft

One of the planes spotted Lt. Delaney’s raft and dropped dye to mark the position. Lt. Young and Lt. Richard L. Simms of Atlanta, Georgia, piloting another patrol plane, spotted the marker.

Lt. Simms said:

The Yamato was enveloped in clouds of black smoke. We flew over the area at 100 feet and saw hundreds of Jap survivors from the sunken ships clinging to bits of wreckage. They didn’t have boats or rafts.

Young went down to pick up Delaney while I circled the remaining Jap ships to keep their attention.

Lts. Simms and Young both returned to their base. The patrol planes sent out to relieve them could find no trace of the Yamato, which had sunk in the meantime. Two cruisers and three destroyers were also sunk in the air-naval battle and two more left burning.

It was Lts. Young and Simms who spotted the enemy task force early Saturday. Their radio message brought swarms of carrier planes.

49

U.S. Navy Department (April 11, 1945)

CINCPOA Communiqué No. 329

No substantial changes were made in the lines on Okinawa on April 11 (East Longitude Date). In the south the enemy continued to resist attacks of the XXIV Army Corps with artillery, mortar and small arms fire. In the north, Marines of the III Amphibious Corps met some organized resistance on Motobu Peninsula but continued to advance northward on Ishikawa Isthmus.

Army troops of the XXIV Corps reduced enemy points of resistance on Tsugen Island off the east coast of Okinawa and occupied the island on April 11.

Direct support was provided for our forces by carrier aircraft, naval gunfire and Marine and Army artillery. Our forces in the Okinawa area were attacked sporadically by enemy aircraft, four of which were destroyed.

U.S. forces on Okinawa had lost 432 killed at the end of April 9. Our wounded for the same period were 2,103. A total of 180 were missing.

On the night of April 10, Army Black Widow night-fighters strafed and bombed targets on Haha Jima and Chichi Jima in the Bonins. On the same date, a Marine Mitchell of the Strategic Air Force attacked a large cargo ship north of the Bonins scoring rocket hits on it and leaving it dead in the water.

Planes of the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing attacked buildings and other installations on islands in the Palaus and on Yap in the Western Carolines on April 11.

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The Pittsburgh Press (April 11, 1945)

Jap sub base seized on Okinawa

Yanks stalled in drive on island’s capital

GUAM (UP) – Bitter Jap resistance stalled the U.S. XXIV Army Corps’ push toward Naha in Southern Okinawa today.

But Marines in the north seized a submarine base in a mile-and-a-half advance.

Other Army troops unlocked the entrance to Nakagusuku Bay, one of the finest naval anchorages south of Japan, with an amphibious landing Tuesday on tiny Tsukata Island, about 10 miles off the southeast coast of Okinawa.

Capture sub pens

The invasion troops stormed quickly inland against only slight opposition. Moderate resistance in the form of small arms and mortar fire developed later, but officers expected the entire mile-long island would soon be in American hands.

Marines captured Jap submarine pens and other naval installations at Unten By on the north coast of Motobu Peninsula, which juts out of the west coast of Northern Okinawa, yesterday after beating off two small counterattacks the previous night.

Battle hard in south

Torpedoes and mines were seized at Unten Bay, but the enemy had evacuated all submarines and other craft. The base was known to have been a lair for midget submarines, though larger types may have also used it.

The Marines advanced their lines to Unten Bay in he northwest and the Manna River in the southeast. Tsuwa village was captured.

While resistance continued almost nonexistent in the north, troops of the XXIV Army Corps in the south were fighting a battle almost as bloody as Iwo in an effort to crack through the last four miles to Naha, capital of Okinawa.

Marine artillery was moved south to supplement Army guns in the heaviest artillery bombardment of the Pacific war. Naval guns ranging up to the 16-inch rifles of battleships offshore were also pounding away at the enemy defenses.

Japs hold ridges

The Japs were answering almost shot for shot and had the advantage of emplacements on two ridges from which they can observe every American move. In the face of this murderous crossfire, no American advances at all were reported in the past 24 hours.

The Japs were fighting from caves and underground pillboxes and blockhouses.

Several Jap counterattacks were thrown back yesterday.

Adm. Chester W. Nimitz announced in a communiqué that Jap casualties for the first eight days of the invasion were 5,009 killed and 22 captured. By last Sunday, he said, 43,478 Jap civilians were being cared for by the Military Government.

51

The Pittsburgh Press (April 12, 1945)

Jap artillery slows Yanks on Okinawa

Drenching rains also handicap campaign

map.041145.up
In the Far Pacific today:
(1) Some 400 Superfortresses and escorting fighters pounded Tokyo and Koriyama. A German dispatch said carrier planes raided Formosa.\

(2) U.S. forces moving towards Naha, capital of Okinawa, were checked by Jap artillery and mortars.

(3) U.S. Marines made small gains on Ishikawa Peninsula of Okinawa.

GUAM (UP) – The stalemated battle on southern Okinawa went into the fourth day today with heavy enemy mortar and artillery fire still checking the American drive on the capital city of Naha.

A Domei dispatch reported that about 80 U.S. carrier planes raided northern Formosa for two hours today. Formosa lies off the southwestern tip of the Ryukyus, of which Okinawa is the principal island.

Front reports from Okinawa said the American drive was also hampered by drenching rains, which stalled motorized equipment and bogged down foot troops of the XXIV Army Corps.

Marines gain in north

Marines made some advances on Ishikawa Peninsula in the north.

Adm. Chester W. Nimitz, meanwhile, disclosed that Army troops completed the occupation yesterday of Tsugen Island, off the east coast of Okinawa and dominating Okinawa’s Nakagusuku Bay.

Yanks lose 432 killed

Adm. Nimitz also revealed that U.S. casualties in the first nine days of the campaign totaled 2,695, of which 432 were killed, 2,103 wounded and 160 missing. The count of Jap dead on Okinawa totaled 5,009 through Sunday.

U.S. carrier planes, naval gunfire and Marine and Army artillery were steadily supporting the ground forces on Okinawa, where front reports described the battle as approaching the level of the bloody Iwo campaign. U.S. troops were encountering heavily-mined roads and fields and hundreds of deep caves in ridges, which have to be cleared out one by one. Some of the caves are two stories deep.

52

U.S. Navy Department (April 12, 1945)

CINCPOA Communiqué No. 330

The 6th Marine Division on Okinawa moved forward against sporadic resistance by the enemy on Motobu Peninsula on April 12 (East Longitude Date). On Ishikawa Isthmus, our troops continued to press northward over rugged terrain and extremely poor roads. The 1st Marine Division continued mopping up in its zone of action.

There was virtually no change in the lines in the Southern sector of Okinawa where the XXIV Army Corps, including elements of the 27th and 96th Divisions, continued to meet strong enemy resistance on April 12.

On April 12, large numbers of enemy aircraft made desperate suicidal attacks on our forces in the Okinawa Area. Early in the morning, seven enemy aircraft were shot down in the vicinity of the Hagushi beaches. During the afternoon, ships’ guns, carrier aircraft and shore-based anti-aircraft shot down 111 of the attackers. One of our destroyers was sunk during these attacks and several other surface units were damaged but remained in operation.

Installations on Chichi Jima and Haha Jima in the Bonins were bombed and strafed on the night of April 11-12 by Army Black Widow night-fighters.

Warehouse and other installations in the Palaus and facilities on the airfield on Yap in the Western Carolines were bombed by Hellcat and Corsair fighters and Avenger torpedo planes of the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing on April 12.

Liberators of the 7th Army Air Force bombed installations on Truk in the Carolines on April 11.

Search aircraft of Fleet Air Wing Four and Mitchells and Liberators of the 11th AAF on April 11, made rocket machine gun and bombing attacks on installations on Shumushu, Paramushiru, and the Torishima Group in the Northern Kurils. On April 11, further attacks were carried out by 11th AAF aircraft on the Kataoka Naval Base on Shumushu where Army planes damaged one of several enemy fighters which attacked them. FlAirWing Four Search planes made rocket and strafing attacks on installations at the mouth of the Hayake River on Paramushiru on April 11. Minami Cape on Shumushu and Masu Town on Paramushiru were bombed by Army Mitchells on the same date. All our aircraft returned safely.

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U.S. Navy Department (April 13, 1945)

CINCPOA Communiqué No. 331

During the early morning of April 13, the enemy in the southern sector of Okinawa counterattacked in battalion strength but was beaten back with numerous losses by the XXIV Army Corps, supported by naval gunfire and artillery. No substantial change was made in the lines in the South during the day.

On Motobu Peninsula in the North, Marines of the III Amphibious Corps continued to engage groups of the enemy in sporadic fighting. III Corps troops on Ishikawa Isthmus continued to press northward against ineffective resistance.

Aircraft from fast carriers of the U.S. Pacific Fleet shot down over 100 enemy planes in the area of the Ryukyus on April 11-12, in addition to those reported destroyed in Communiqué No. 330. At Tokuno and Kikai Islands, eight more planes were destroyed on the ground and fuel dumps and warehouses were damaged or set afire.

On April 12, Shinchiku and Kiirun airfields on Formosa were attacked by Seafire and Hellcat fighters of the British Pacific Fleet. Sixteen enemy planes were shot out of the air, one was destroyed on the ground, and five were damaged.

On the following day, U.S. carrier aircraft shot one plane down and destroyed 12 others on the ground in the Northern Ryukyus. Attacking shipping end ground installations in and around the Ryukyus our planes destroyed 23 Barges and small craft, damaged airfields and set buildings afire.

During the period March 18 to April 12, inclusive, U.S. Fast Carrier Task Forces under command of VADM Marc A. Mitscher, USN, hot down 841 enemy planes in combat, destroyed 73 by gunfire and destroyed 363 on the ground.

Navy search aircraft of Fleet Air Wing One destroyed a large radio station on Gaja Island in the Northern Ryukyus and sank a picket ship and set second vessel afire north of the Bonins on April 13.

Army Black Widow night-fighters bombed and strafed harbor installations at Chichi Jima and Haha Jima in the Bonins on the night of April 12-13.

On April 12, a single Navy Search Privateer of FlAirWing Two combed installations on Wake Island.

Marine Corsairs and Hellcats of the 4th Aircraft Wing bombed warehouses and buildings in the Palaus and on Yap in the Western Carolines on April 13.

Marine fighters and bombers continued neutralizing raids on enemy-held bases in the Marshalls on April 12.