America at war! (1941–) – Part 5

Hometown proud of President Harry

First Missourian in highest office

INDEPENDENCE, Missouri (UP) – The hometown neighbors of President Harry S. Truman – regardless of how they differ with him on political questions – were certain today that he would make a good Chief Executive.

They were against him heavily in the election last fall, but one and all, they weir proud to have Missouri’s first President come from Independence. and they wanted him to know it.

Mr. Truman is just “Harry” to the residents of this old Jackson County courthouse town. Despite the fact that he now holds the highest office in the nation, he probably will continue to be “Harry” when he comes back home for a visit.

Discuss trick of fate

When the news of Franklin Roosevelt’s death was flashed across the Nation yesterday, men from all walks of life gathered around the courthouse, where the new President once presided as a county judge, and discussed the strange trick of fate that had elevated a “local boy” to the presidency.

They talked far into the night, recalling anecdotes about the new Chief Executive. Their mourning for Mr. Roosevelt was intermingled with a feeling of pride that his successor was their neighbor and friend.

Proud of Harry

“Harry will make a good President,” said Col. William Southern, editor of the Independence Examiner, who has known Mr. Truman all his life.

“With everyone else in Independence, I am proud that a man from Missouri – and one from Independence – has become President of the United States,” he added.

Mrs. Margaret Ellen Truman Noland, 96, an aunt of the President, lives across the street from the Truman home. She said she was “stunned by the great responsibility which is thrust upon Harry.”

“But,” she added, “I’m proud of him and have all the faith in the world he can handle the job.”


Callers galore seek to rent Truman house

WASHINGTON (UP) – The Harry S. Trumans are moving to the White House from their Connecticut Avenue apartment, and house-seeking Washingtonians are keeping the telephone lanes busy in the hope they can get it.

The operator at the apartment house switchboard, however, has a stock answer: “The owner has asked me to save this apartment for at least three different people, but I will keep you in mind.”

The Truman apartment consists of two bedrooms, a large living room, bath, foyer, sunporch, dining room and kitchen. It rents for $120 a month, unfurnished.

Pope Pius cables his condolences

ROME, Italy (UP) – Pope Pius XII was plunged into sorrow when he learned of President Roosevelt’s death, Vatican sources said, and cabled his personal condolences to Mrs. Roosevelt and to Vice President Harry S. Truman early today.

Besides personal grief, the Pope was said to have felt greater sorrow because he had been certain that Mr. Roosevelt would have made a great contribution to the restoration of peace in a war-stricken world.

The Pontiff had met President Roosevelt personally in October 1936.

The Italian cabinet suspended meetings until Tuesday and ordered all schools and places of entertainment closed today and tomorrow.

The Vatican charged Archbishop Francis J. Spellman of New York with relaying the Pontiff’s condolences to Mrs. Roosevelt and President Truman.


Roosevelt picture on Moscow front pages

MOSCOW (UP) – Moscow newspapers today printed on their front pages a picture of President Roosevelt with his name in a black border.

Roosevelt third to die away from Washington

WASHINGTON (UP) – Franklin D. Roosevelt was the third President to die while away from Washington.

Warren G. Harding, the 28th President, died in San Francisco and William McKinley, the 24th, in Buffalo, New York.

Only two Vice Presidents were forced by the death of their Presidents to take the oath of office outside the capital.

When Harding died, Calvin Coolidge took the oath from his father in Plymouth Notch, Vermont. Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in at Buffalo after McKinley’s assassination.


Baruch, Rosenman returning from London

LONDON (UP) – Bernard Baruch and Samuel Rosenman, personal emissaries of the late President Roosevelt, were understood today to have left for the United States.

Both had come to Europe on special missions on behalf of the President.

Truman’s mother asks divine help

KANSAS CITY, Missouri (UP) – President Truman’s aged mother tonight offered prayers for divine guidance for her son in leading the nation.

Too weak to come to the telephone herself, 92-year-old Mrs. Martha Truman spoke through her daughter, Miss Mary Jane Truman, who shares her bungalow at suburban Grandview, Missouri, near here.

She said:

We are praying that God will guide him and give him wisdom in the great responsibilities that he faces.

Mother is terribly, terribly distressed. The news came as such a shock, we have been unable to adjust ourselves to it.

Mrs. Martha Truman had not seen her son since he flew here several weeks ago to attend the funeral of T. J. Pendergast, who started him on the political career which led ultimately to the White House.

The aged mother during the Democratic Convention in Chicago which nominated Truman to the vice presidency, said at first that she hoped he would remain in the Senate. At that time, she said, “He has done such fine work there and I think that is where he best can serve his country.”

Pittsburghers recall visits Roosevelt made to city

60,000 jammed Forbes Field in 1936 to hear him campaign for reelection
Friday, April 13, 1945

Thousands of persons in the Pittsburgh district were saying in voices solemn with sorrow but filled with pride: “I remember him when…”

They were recalling that night in October 1932 when Franklin D. Roosevelt, Governor of New York, made one of the most important speeches in his first campaign for President – on the soldiers’ bonus question – at Forbes Field.

They were reminiscing, too, about that night in 1936 when a harvest moon shone down on 60,000 persons hammed into Forbes Field to hear President Roosevelt campaign for reelection.

No political speeches

And they were remembering October 1940 when the President last visited this district. He was his party’s candidate for a third term.

While here, President Roosevelt did not make a political speech. He visited “national defense plants,” as they were called before Pearl Harbor, and dedicated the Terrace Village housing project.

They were remembering the battered campaign fedora which President Roosevelt waved as banner as his car passed through streets lined with cheering crowds, the famous smile, the upturned cigarette holder, the silvered hair, the intoned opening phrase of his speeches, “My friends.”

60,000 in Forbes Field

Thirty-five thousand persons were present when Gov. Roosevelt gave his position on the soldiers’ bonus question and pledged himself to a 25 percent reduction in governmental expenses.

Four years later, again in Forbes Field, he spoke to 60,000 wild-cheering supporters in defense of his New Deal He came to give an accounting of his four years as Chief Executive and to outline the route he intended to follow in the future.

Gets medal from Fagan

He was the “old-time campaigner” that night. All the hoopla of a presidential campaign was staged. A youth dressed as Uncle Sam rode a donkey before the laughing spectators. Mr. Roosevelt took a bouquet of roses from Carol Gene Trainer, then five, of Wilkinsburg. He waved happily, smiled broadly and hit hard as he delivered his address.

He was visibly pleased when Patrick T. Fagan, then president of District 5 of the United Mine Workers, presented him with a gold medal “and the 40,000 votes of the miners in District 5 and the votes of every union miner in America.”

Mr. Roosevelt was a candidate for a precedent-shattering third term when he returned to Pittsburgh on October 11, 1940. His opponent, Wendell Willkie, had been here the week before.

President Roosevelt came to visit the plants then producing munitions for an England with its back to the wall. France had gone under and war was spreading toward the United States.

At the Carnegie-Illinois plant at Munhall, Mr. Roosevelt saw armor plates bearing placards of warships they were made for. One placard read: “USS Juneau,” the cruiser sunk by the Japs in the South Pacific. The five Sullivan brothers went down with the ship.

His last act here was to dedicate the housing project and to give to tenants Mr. and Mrs. Lester Churchfield a gold key for the 100,000th housing unit built under his administration. After the ceremony, Mr. Roosevelt remarked jocularly, as he frequently did: “Well, I’ve got to rum to catch a train.”


Democrats postpone Jefferson Day dinners

WASHINGTON (UP) – The Democratic National Committee has indefinitely postponed Jefferson Day dinners scheduled to be held here and in other parts of the country tonight.

President Roosevelt was to have addressed the gatherings by radio from Warm Springs. The Pittsburgh dinner was held Wednesday night.

Elliott Roosevelt flying from Britain

LONDON (UP) – Brig. Gen. Elliott Roosevelt left for the United States in an American plane early today to attend his father’s funeral.

Gen. Roosevelt was visiting friends in London last night when his Army chauffeur heard the news of the President’s death on a British broadcast.

The chauffeur informed Gen. Roosevelt, who returned immediately to Eighth Air Force headquarters and prepared to leave for the United States.


Yanks will win war in hurry – ‘for the old man’

WITH THE U.S. FIRST ARMY (UP) – Speaking for the men in his unit, Lt. Alfio Vielmetti of Norway, Michigan, said last night of the death of President Roosevelt:

It is an awful shock. The Doughboys are going to be jolted when they awaken in the morning and learn of the President’s death. But after the first impact hits them they are going to be like a college football team.

I think they are going into battle to win it in a hurry for the old man – their coach.

Last public appearance at writer’s banquet

WASHINGTON (UP) – President Roosevelt’s last public appearance here was at the White House Correspondents Association dinner March 22.

He enjoyed the show, during which well-known radio artists quipped about his extended stay in office.

Mr. Roosevelt made no formal talk, but at the close of the evening’s entertainment, he spoke for a few minutes. He began in a seemingly serious vein about his constant concern for humanity. He wound up with the announcement that he would not hold a press conference the following day. The crowd roared.

Stettinius now next in line

Succession provided by act of Congress

WASHINGTON (UP) – With Harry S. Truman installed as President, the nation will be without a Vice President until January 19, 1949, when the present term of office ends.

While there is provision for succession of Cabinet members to the presidency in event of the death or removal from office of both the President and Vice President, there is no provision for a successor to the Vice President when that office becomes vacant.

In event of Mr. Truman’s death, the line of succession to the presidency would be:

  • Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius Jr.
  • Secretary of Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr.
  • Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson
  • Attorney General Francis Biddle
  • Postmaster General Frank C. Walker
  • Secretary of the Navy James V. Forrestal
  • Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes

The order of succession was established by Congress January 19, 1886. It makes no mention of the secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce and Labor whose offices had not been created at that time.

Meanwhile, the job of presiding over the Senate, customarily held by the Vice President, falls to Sen. Kenneth McKellar (D-Tennessee) at 76. He is the oldest member in point of service and has been serving as President Pro Tempore since January 6.

The post of President of the Senate carries with it the important function of deciding to which committees bills should be sent. Since the makeup of a committee sometimes plays an important part in the treatment a measure will receive, this is an important function in determining the fate of legislation.

Mr. McKellar, who retains his status as senior senator from Tennessee, gets a salary boost from the Congressional $10,000 a year to $15,000 the vice-presidential allotment.

As a senator, he will still be entitled to a vote in all matters before the Senate. A Vice President can vote only in case of a tie.

Mr. McKellar will have only his one vote as a senator, however and will not be entitled to cast a second deciding vote in case of a tie.

Early carries ball to the end

Roosevelt’s closest friend calm in crisis

WASHINGTON (UP) – Probably no one will ever know what it cost Stephen T. Early to pick up the telephone and say, “Flash: The President is dead.”

The 56-year-old Steve, the oldest and closest friend of Franklin D. Roosevelt, hadn’t expected he would ever have to handle this story.

In 12 years at the White House, he had done a lot for the Chief. For 24 hours a day through most of those years, he had been on call to reporters. Almost daily he met with them in person at regularly scheduled press conferences and fielded their questions expertly and honestly.

Steve had been the buffer between the administration and a news-hungry public. Often the questions he got were put with hostile intent. Steve always gave the best answer he could.

But he had reason to hope there was one story he would not have to cover. For the time finally came when Steve decided to return to private life. The years were passing, and he was staying at the White House at a considerable financial sacrifice.

Howe, McIntyre die

Only he and the Chief were left of the quartet of friends who moved into the executive mansion offices when Mr. Roosevelt became President in 1933. Lewis McHenry Howe was the first White House secretary to go. Marvin McIntyre was next. Their deaths left Mr. Early the only one left of the original group of secretaries.

Last month, the President said regretfully that Steve could go – if he would stay on until a successor could be found to Maj. Gen. “Pa” Watson, Mr. Roosevelt’s military aide and secretary who died January 20. They agreed that Steve would leave his post early in June.

That was why Steve never thought he would have to handle the story which hit him between the eyes yesterday.

Shocking personal loss

But he was wrong, and when the time came Steve performed like the veteran newspaperman he is. The President’s death was a shocking personal loss to him; it also was the biggest news story of his career, bigger than the death of President Harding which he covered as a newspaperman.

Before telling the story to the newspapers, however, there were other unhappy tasks which Steve had to perform first. It was Steve who, with Vice Adm. Ross T. McIntire, broke the news to Mrs. Roosevelt. It was he who called the soon-to-be President Truman to the White House.

This took time, and it was already late afternoon. So, Steve didn’t waste any precious moments summoning reporters to his office. Instead, he got on the phone to the three press associations for a “conference call” and made his report.

Give all details

Later, he received reporters in his office, as he had so often before. He told them everything that had happened that tragic afternoon in the White House – down to the last detail.

But it was the telephone call that revealed Steve at his crisp, efficient best. Everyone knew how deeply he loved the Chief. It would have been understandable if his voice had trembled a little.

But it didn’t. It was an apparently calm Early, who picked up the telephone and said, “Flash: The President is dead.”

President kept going at top speed despite signs of failing health

Had planned full day’s schedule yesterday – stayed at desk until sudden collapse at 1 p.m.
By Merriman Smith

The writer of the following article has been chief of the White House staff of the United Press since before Pearl Harbor. He accompanied the late President on all of his domestic inspection trips, his visits to Quebec and Hawaii, all of his fourth-term campaign tours, and met him in North Africa after Yalta.

WARM SPRINGS, Georgia – Did President Roosevelt know that he was an ill man and that the time had come to husband his strength?

Many of us who saw him often and traveled with him believe he did.

There was nothing wrong with him organically. But the tremendous pressure of the toughest job on earth had begun to take its toll in nervous energy.

This was first noticeable last year after the Tehran Conference. For two months, he suffered from sinus trouble and bronchitis, and it was then that he decided to go to Bernard M. Baruch’s estate near Georgetown, South Carolina, and fight it out for himself.

Thought he had won

He was fighting more than bronchitis. He was, I think, trying to decide whether he was able to go through the rigors of another presidential campaign. He thought he had won. He took it easy in South Carolina for a month and came back to Washington, confident that he was in tiptop shape.

But he did not snap back as he used to do. His voice was weaker, his tan faded faster and he began spending almost every weekend in the restful atmosphere of Hyde Park.

Then came the fourth-term campaign, a terrific physical beating. He spent hours touring cities in an open car, often in miserable weather. He delivered a speech at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn standing bareheaded in a cold, driving rain. Next day at Hyde Park he laughed at those in his party who had the sniffles and told them he felt fine.

Drain on vitality

But the Yalta Conference was ahead of him and that trip, I think, was a serious drain on his vitality. It was probably the hardest 10 days he went through in his life.

On the ship coming back I saw more of him than I had ever seen in the same length of time. It seemed he had aged ten years in ten days. He sat all day in the sun on the boat trip back. He had lost weight, but he refused to take it seriously, said he would gain it back at Warm Springs.

On March 1, he made this report on his own health in his speech to Congress on the Yalta Conference:

I hope you will pardon me for the unusual posture of sitting down during the presentation of what I wish to say, but I know you will realize that it makes it a lot easier for me not having to carry about 10 pounds of steel around the bottom of my legs and also because of the fact that I have just completed a 14,000-mile trip.

…I am returning from this trip that took me so far, refreshed and inspired. I was well the entire time. I was not ill for a second until I arrived back in Washington and here I heard all the rumors which had occurred in my absence. Yes, I returned from the trip refreshed and inspired. The Roosevelts are not, as you may suspect, averse to travel. We seem to thrive on it.

That was the first time he had referred publicly to his affliction of infantile paralysis. It was also the first time he had taken official notice of rumors that swept the country occasionally – especially when he was running for reelection – that he was seriously ill, or. in extreme cases, that he had died.

Health radiantly good

In the light of his physical infirmity, the “killing pace” of the presidency was spoken of frequently during Mr. Roosevelt’s first campaign. There were those who believed that the polio attack in the early twenties had left more than its obvious mark.

But the President’s buoyant spirit and tremendous physical energy soon overcame all doubt about his fitness to carry the burdens of the presidency. In those early days of the New Deal’s historic fight for national economic recovery, Mr. Roosevelt’s health was radiantly good. The theory was advanced that his inability to walk actually conserved his energies and that he probably was much more vigorous than most men of his age.

Makes big concession

Last fall, some of the people around him became concerned about his loss of weight and his slowness in snapping back from periods of fatigue. One of the jobs assigned to his daughter, Mrs. Anna Boettinger, was to see that he was protected as much as possible from persons who placed a drain upon his time and energy.

Vice Adm. Ross T. McIntire, his physician, ordered Mr. Roosevelt to quit holding conferences at luncheon. That lasted for about three months and then the President went back to his practice of discussing affairs of state while he ate from a tray at his desk.

However, he did agree to take a nap afterwards – a big concession from a man who liked to work at top speed all day.

Reporters who attended his press conferences noticed a change. His voice used to boom through the office as he answered our questions. Toward the end his voice was low, at times almost inaudible to those far back in the room.

Hearing becomes impaired

His hearing had become impaired by sinus trouble and after many days of hard work, his hands had a tendency to tremble.

Perhaps he noticed these things himself, for he began to get away from Washington at more frequent intervals. Just before coming here, Mr. Roosevelt had been to Hyde Park where he always seemed able to relax. And yesterday, sitting in a little room overlooking a green Georgia valley, he apparently was in the best of spirits. He had planned a full day’s work.

Early in the morning Mr. Roosevelt was ready to go to work on official papers, but the plane bringing the documents here was delayed by weather. When they did arrive, William Hassett, one of the White House secretaries, asked the President if he would like to wait until after lunch before starting work. Mr. Roosevelt shook his head. They started working immediately.

The President signed several State Department appointments, some citations for the Legion of Merit for war heroes and a lengthy list of postmaster nominations for small towns. Then he put his signature on legislation to extend the life of the Commodity Credit Corporation, remarking to Mr. Hassett: “Here’s where I make a law.”

Mr. Hassett then left the Little White House. Mr. Roosevelt still had a stack of papers before him. His next visitor was Nicholas Robbins, who took pictures of the President while he continued to examine the papers Hassett had left.

‘I have a terrific headache’

Suddenly – around 1 p.m. – the President put his hand to the back of his head and said, “I have a terrific headache.”

Those were his last words.

About 1:15 p.m., he slumped over unconscious.

Arthur Prettyman, Mr. Roosevelt’s Negro valet, picked him up and carried him into a small bedroom just to the left of the entrance to the Little White House.

Call McIntire

In another part of the building were two of the President’s cousins – Miss Margaret Suckley and Miss Laura Lelano – and his private secretary, Miss Grace Tully. Miss Delano called Dr. Bruenn who arrived at once with another physician, Lt. Cmdr. George Fox. They took off Mr. Roosevelt’s dark blue suit and put on his pajamas.

Dr. Bruenn telephoned Vice Adm. McIntire, who was in Washington. Adm. McIntire, in turn, phoned Atlanta and asked Dr. James P. Paullin, a specialist in internal medicine, to hurry to Warm Springs.

Dr. Paullin arrived while the President was still alive but unconscious. He was in the bedroom with Drs. Bruenn and Fox when Mr. Roosevelt died at 3:35 p.m. CWT.

At 4:30 p.m., Mr. Roosevelt was to have gone to the mountainside cottage of Mayor Frank Allcorn of Warm Springs to attend a barbecue. At the moment he died, fiddlers outside the Allcorn cottage were tuning their violins and talking about the songs they were going to play.

Later, he was to have attended a minstrel show by the youthful patients of Warm Springs Foundation.

Roosevelt aims to be realized, leaders state

Death called loss for world freedom
By the United Press

The world’s and the nation’s leaders mourned today the death of Franklin Delano Roosevelt but voiced confidence that his aims – complete victory over the Axis and a just and lasting peace – will be achieved.

Winston Churchill, British Prime Minister, in a message to Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt:

I send my most profound sympathy in your grievous loss. It is also the loss of the British nation and the cause of freedom in every land.

Soviet Marshal Joseph Stalin:

The government of the Soviet Union expresses its sincere sympathy to the American people in their great loss and their conviction that the policy of friendship between the great powers who have shouldered the main burden of war against a common enemy will continue to develop in the future.

Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek:

I am convinced the American people and Roosevelt’s successor will finish his uncompleted task.

Thomas E. Dewey, Governor of New York:

In building boldly for the future peace of the world, even as the war progressed, Franklin Roosevelt made his final and perhaps his greatest contribution… All people of good will, with equal determination, will do their part in bringing to final success the work of the United Nations in establishing the foundation for a just and lasting peace.

Herbert Hoover, former President:

The nation sorrows at the passing of its President. Whatever differences there may have been, they end in regrets of death. It is fortunate that in this great crisis of war our armies and navies are under such magnificent leadership that we shall not hesitate. While we mourn Mr. Roosevelt’s death, we shall march forward.

James F. Byrnes, former director of the Office of War Mobilization:

I am sure that the sacrifice of his life will prove an inspiration to the statesmen of all nations to bring about the fulfillment of his dream that the mothers of this world should never again be called upon to offer up their sons as sacrifices to the god of war.

Harry Hopkins, former Secretary of Commerce and close friend of Mr. Roosevelt:

The people all over the country and indeed all over the world will mourn with you [Mrs. Roosevelt] tonight He was so gallant and brave.

Gen. Charles de Gaulle, Provisional President of France:

At least the decisive successes to which he so powerfully contributed will have given him the certainty of victory before he succumbed at his post. He leaves to the world an undying example and an essential message. This message will be heard.

Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr.:

He, more than any one person, is responsible, in my opinion, for the successful conduct of this terrible war against the aggressor nations.

Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes:

President Roosevelt has died for us.

Sen. Arthur H. Vandenberg (R-Michigan), an outstanding critic of Mr. Roosevelt’s domestic policies:

A successful peace must be his monument.

Edward Martin, Governor of Pennsylvania:

All of us must give to Vice President Truman every ounce of strength and energy which we possess to assist in carrying on the great task which is yet unfinished.

Methodist Bishop G. Bromley, president of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America:

The world is now Ready, if it follows on in his spirit and wisdom, to possess the promised land of the Four Freedoms.

Rabbi Herbert S. Goldstein, president of the Synagogue Council of America:

In the death of President Roosevelt, the world lost its first citizen, the United States its greatest American and Jewry one of its staunchest friends.

Earl Browder, president of the Communist Political Association:

We must complete his task as he would have it done.

Spanish Foreign Minister Jose Felix de Laquerica:

All Spain senses the deepest possible sorrow at the death of a man whose disappearance is an irreparable loss, not only for his own country but for the entire world.

Frank Hague, Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey:

The President, by ceaseless work, gave his life for his country as surely as though he died on the battlefield.

Edward J. Kelly, Mayor of Chicago:

I am sure that our Commander-in-Chief would want every American citizen to continue in the great fight to preserve civilization which he has waged with our allies during these war years.

Winthrop W. Aldrich, chairman of the Chase National Bank:

It is doubly tragic at this time because of the overwhelming influence his leadership would have exercised in the post-war world.

Most Rev. Francis J. Spellman, Catholic archbishop of New York:

Our President has taken his place among the gallant dead who have made our nation consecrate and it falls upon us, the living, to preserve this nation in fulfillment of our sacred debt to all our martyred dead.

Former Secretary of State Cordell Hull:

No greater tragedy could have befallen our country and the world at this time.

Fleet Adm. Ernest J. King:

The U.S. Navy mourns the loss of a great, good and gifted leader.

Gen. George C. Marshall:

His far-seeing vision in military counsel has been a constant source of courage to all of us who have worked side by side with him from the dark days of war’s beginning.

Sen. Robert A. Taft (R-Ohio):

He dies a hero of the war.

Associate Supreme Court Justice Frank Murphy:

When tyranny stalked the civilized world, he challenged it with imagination and matchless vigor.

James A. Farley, former Postmaster General:

Words are inadequate… to properly express my sorrow.

The U.S. delegates –
Cmdr. Stassen youngest named to conference

By Ruth Finney, Scripps-Howard staff writer

Nazi post-war plot revealed – U.S., Britain act to check scheme

Continuous surveillance of Germans mapped to balk moves aimed at Third World War
By Ned Brooks, Scripps-Howard staff writer

Nazis continue vilification of Roosevelt even in death

Abusive Berlin tirade shocks even the Japs, who concede President was ‘great man’

LONDON (UP) – The Nazis burst the last bounds of decency today and continued a vilification of President Roosevelt – even in death.

German propagandists gloated openly over the President’s death. They poured out an abusive tirade that shocked the rest of the world, perhaps even Japan.

While the Japs joined with the Germans in accusing Mr. Roosevelt of causing the present war, Tokyo conceded at least the President was a “great man.”

But Berlin’s commentaries heaped abuse upon the President’s memory.

Called war’s ‘inventor’

One commentator, in a speech which was apparently written by Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels, said that the miracle which had saved Adolf Hitler had killed the “inventor of this war.”

The commentator was Wilfred von Ofen, one of Berlin’s best. But expert listeners said his remarks did not follow his usual tone and that they were termed much after the way Goebbels writes.

The broadcast was unusual in that Von Ofen spoke in the first person. It broke all rules and it appeared obvious that Goebbels was directing the “hate” program against Mr. Roosevelt’s name.

‘Deep satisfaction’

“It is for me, who believes in justice of fate, a deep satisfaction to witness the fact that this man, himself chiefly responsible for this second World War, does not himself survive it,” Von Ofen said. “I have never more firmly than at this moment believed in Divine justice.”

He added that a Divine miracle saved Hitler during the July 20 attempt on his life “but it struck down the other mercilessly and justly by sudden, unexpected death.”

The Jap admission was in direct contrast to the reaction in Berlin, where the news of the President’s death reached the German capital while it was undergoing an Allied air raid.

Lack official comment

While official German quarters declined to comment, one Berlin radio commentator said Mr. Roosevelt would go down in history “as the man on whose drive the present war has expanded to a second World War.”

“He was the most expensive President of the United States who above all achieved one thing – to lift in his own camp the strongest competitor into saddle: The Bolshevist Soviet Union,” the German commentator said.

Japs pay tribute

The Japs paid tribute to Mr. Roosevelt’s position in world affairs and his place in history. When news of the death reached the Jap capital, Tokyo radio interrupted a program of prisoner of war messages and announced: “We now introduce a few minutes of special music to honor the passing of this great man.”

A Jap commentator later described Mr. Roosevelt as “the symbol of American imperialism, a mixed phenomenon of the contemporary type.”

British fear blow to security plans

Cabinet called – Eden to attend funeral

LONDON (UP) – Prime Minister Churchill called the British cabinet into special session today to consider the effect of President Roosevelt’s death, which many diplomats feared might have grave repercussions on world security plans.

Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden was named to represent the British government at Mr. Roosevelt’s funeral.

Mr. Churchill and King George led the British in paying tribute to Mr. Roosevelt. For the first time in history the House of Commons adjourned in observance of the death of an American President.

Eight-minute meeting

Commons met for eight minutes, heard Mr. Churchill speak briefly but feelingly, and adjourned. When it reconvenes next Tuesday, Mr. Churchill is expected to offer a traditional motion expressing sympathy to the King on the death of “his cousin” – the time-honored designation of the head of a great and friendly state.

Amid the mourning for Mr. Roosevelt, the realization persisted that the “Big Three” is dead with him. Diplomats felt that the peculiar personal type of negotiations of the Roosevelt-Churchill-Stalin triumvirate had passed away.

Whitehall and Allied government offices in London were filled with wonder at what would happen now.

Truman almost unknown

President Truman is virtually unknown in Britain. There was a fear born of uncertainty that he might be unable to get world security organization proposals through the U.S. Senate.

As one Allied government diplomat put it, “Everybody here rejoiced when Mr. Roosevelt was reelected, because we felt we knew what American policy would be for the next four years. But now we are confused.”

A high official of the Polish Foreign Office called the United Press today and asked, “Who will be the real power behind American foreign policy now?”

Mr. Churchill told Commons that Mr. Roosevelt’s “friendship for the cause of freedom and for the causes of the weak and poor won him immortal renown.”

Earlier, Mr. Churchill had cabled Mrs. Roosevelt that the President’s death was a “loss to the British nation and the cause of freedom in every land.”

King sends cable

King George cabled Mrs. Roosevelt that he and Queen Elizabeth were “deeply grieved and shocked” by news of the President’s death.

The British royal court suspended all activities for one week.

All the morning newspapers carried front-page editorials praising Mr. Roosevelt. Special editions were rushed to the streets at 1 a.m.

In Red Cross Clubs, public announcements were made – most of them twice, because nobody believed it the first time.

Telegram to Truman

King George sent a telegram to President Truman saying that his sorrow “will be shared by all my peoples who have long since felt that under President Roosevelt’s wise and understanding leadership problems of war and of the peace that is to follow were in the hands of one who had proved himself, in so signal a manner, to have at heart the welfare of mankind.”

It is especially grievous that at this moment, when forces of the Allies are bringing to a close the evil which has for so long overshadowed the continent of Europe, the knowledge and wise counsel of President Roosevelt should be taken from us…

Stamp collector role retained by Roosevelt

WARM SPRINGS, Georgia (UP) – President Roosevelt was an enthusiastic stamp collector to the end.

White House Secretary William D. Hassett said the last direction he received from Mr. Roosevelt yesterday morning concerned the purchase of some stamps for his collection.

The President told Mr. Bassett he wanted to buy some of the San Francisco United Nations Conference commemorative issue which goes on sale April 25. And the President said he wanted to buy them from the San Francisco postmaster.


Medal of Honor urged for Roosevelt

DETROIT (UP) – Congressional bestowal of the Medal of Honor to the late Franklin D. Roosevelt was proposed editorially today by the Detroit News.

The News said:

He was as truly a war casualty as any man who stepped into a withering fire at Iwo or the beaches of Anzio or Normandy. And let us here, in all reverence, propose that the Congress of the United States vote him posthumously the highest award for valor in its gift, the Medal of Honor.

Submarines sink 15 new Jap ships


Superfortress raid reported by Tokyo

By the United Press

Reds in action with Third Army

81 seamen missing in ship collision

Simms43

Simms: Other nations to feel loss of Roosevelt

Was best known of U.S. Presidents
By William Philip Simms, Scripps-Howard foreign editor

WASHINGTON – The impact of President Roosevelt’s death on the governments and peoples of foreign lands will be scarcely less shocking than it was here at home. Abroad, he was known as no other American President ever was.

This is not only because he served more than three terms. It is because, long before World War II, he took his stand against Hitler and the Nazi-Fascist gang and called on America and the world to “quarantine” aggressor nations.

Throughout the Western Hemisphere, Mr. Roosevelt’s name stands for the Good Neighbor Policy. It is inextricably associated with the Atlantic Charter, today the beacon light of small nations everywhere. And his Four Freedoms have been translated into every tongue.

British favored him

In England, prior toa the last elections, I found the British government and the people alike overwhelmingly for Mr. Roosevelt. They had nothing against Gov. Thomas E. Dewey or the Republican Party. They were for Mr. Roosevelt, they told me, because they felt they knew him and liked him.

That was a typical bit of British understatement, however. For, to the British, Mr. Roosevelt was America. Somehow to them he was pretty much the whole war effort.

Hadn’t he aided Britain long before the shooting began at Pearl Harbor? Hadn’t he sent American weapons to England after Dunkirk? Hadn’t he traded 50 destroyers to Britain in exchange for some bases in the Atlantic?

Lend-Lease cited

To the British, Mr. Roosevelt was also Lend-Lease. He was the American Army, the American Navy and the American Air Force. They knew that to him, this war was not an American war, a British war, a Soviet war or a Chinese war, but a vast global conflict in which only two armies are at grips: The Allied army and the army of the enemies of mankind.

And they knew that Mr. Roosevelt had only one aim and that was to utilize all Allied men and ships and gun and tanks, planes, money, food and equipment wherever it would do the most good. Mr. Roosevelt made America “the arsenal of democracy” – another phrase with which his name will go down in the histories of foreign countries.

Wonder about changes

And what Mr. Roosevelt was to the British, he was to most other peoples the world over – except those of enemy countries. So, his sudden passing will not only be a tremendous shock to them but to their capitals as well. They will all be wondering what, if any, material changes will be made in his policies.

None of the Allies, of course, has any doubt that the United States will remain in the war to the very last. Or that it will continue to back the Dumbarton Oaks plan for international security after the war. One of President Truman’s first acts, after being sworn in, was to confirm that the San Francisco Conference would be held as scheduled, April 25.

But an American President, foreign capitals know, wields more power than any other one man on earth. And no two men are exactly like. They cannot help being anxious, therefore, to know whether the new man in the White House will put on the brakes a little, or go farther and faster along the road traveled by his predecessor.

Met with leaders

Moreover, in the international field there are bound to be many things – some perhaps of grave importance – about which the late President knew but which no other American does, at least not in such detail.

The first of our Presidents to make extensive journeys abroad in his official capacity, Mr. Roosevelt met again and again with Prime Minister Churchill, Marshal Stalin, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Gen. de Gaulle and other world figures.

Together they discussed affairs of state and reached understandings even involving the future peace. Because of the war, much of this necessarily was carried on in the greatest secrecy. It will be difficult for President Truman to pick up and carry on.