America at war! (1941–) – Part 4

Supreme HQ Allied Expeditionary Force (February 25, 1945)

FROM
(A) SHAEF MAIN

ORIGINATOR
PRD, Communique Section

DATE-TIME OF ORIGIN
251100A February

TO FOR ACTION
(1) AGWAR
(2) NAVY DEPARTMENT

TO (W) FOR INFORMATION (INFO)
(3) TAC HQ 12 ARMY GP
(4) MAIN 12 ARMY GP
(5) AIR STAFF
(6) ANCXF
(7) EXFOR MAIN
(8) EXFOR REAR
(9) DEFENSOR, OTTAWA
(10) CANADIAN C/S, OTTAWA
(11) WAR OFFICE
(12) ADMIRALTY
(13) AIR MINISTRY
(14) UNITED KINGDOM BASE
(15) SACSEA
(16) CMHQ (Pass to RCAF & RCN)
(17) COM ZONE
(18) SHAEF REAR
(19) SHAEF MAIN
(20) PRO, ROME
(21) HQ SIXTH ARMY GP
(REF NO.)
NONE

(CLASSIFICATION)
IN THE CLEAR

Communiqué No. 323

Allied forces south of the Reichswald Forest, have made limited advances toward Weeze against strong enemy resistance. Strongpoints, gun and mortar positions and troop concentrations in wooded country in the areas of Kalkar, Uedem and Goch were attacked by rocket-firing fighters while medium and light bombers bombed targets at Rhede, Rheinberg and Geldern. Artillery positions near Venlo were attacked with fragmentation bombs and rockets. Our units have extended their bridgeheads across the Roer River, encountering moderate opposition from the enemy who launched several infantry and tank counterattacks, all of which were repulsed.

Northeast of Linnich, we have occupied several villages including Baal and Hompesch. Jülich has been completely cleared and our units have progressed eastward to the outskirts of Stetterkirch. In the area north of Düren, our units have cleared Oberzier and Birkesdorf and are fighting in Arnoldsweiler. Half of Düren is in our hands, and the enemy is resisting in the remaining portion from scattered strong points in houses and other buildings. Fighting is in progress in Wiederau two miles south of Düren. Fortified buildings in many towns between the Rhine and the Roer and particularly in the triangle formed by Münchengladbach, Euskirchen and Köln were struck by fighter bombers.

We have captured Waxweiler, Oberperscheid, Ringhuscheid and Neuerburg, southwest of Prüm. Our units driving from the northwest, have met our elements advancing from the south in the vicinity of Obergeckler. South of Neuerburg, we have taken Sinspelt. Our armored elements driving to the northeast beyond the town have encountered road blocks and mines. Strong points and enemy armor in the Prüm, Waxweiler and Bitburg areas were attacked by fighter bombers. In the lower Saar Valley, our units have captured Ockfen, two miles southeast of Saarburg on the east side of the river. Serrig is now completely in our hands, and we have taken high ground two and one-half miles east of the town.

Railway yards, communication centers and rail and road transport north and northeast of the Ruhr and between the Rhine and the Roer Rivers were attacked by medium, light and fighter bombers. Among the targets were the communications centers of Viersen, Rheindahlen, Blatzheim, Zülpich and Vlatten. A large number of locomotives, railway cars and motor vehicles were destroyed and railway lines were cut in many places.

Fighting continued in Forbach with resistance still stubborn in the western section of the town. Enemy artillery and mortar fire increased considerably in the area. Three counterattacks were repulsed on the high ground south of Saarbrücken with heavy losses to the enemy. Bübingen, on the east bank of the Saar River, was cleared. Farther east, the town of Bliesransbach was captured.

Allied forces in the west captured 2,330 prisoners 22 February.

The aerial offensive against the enemy’s communications also was continued elsewhere yesterday with heavy and widespread attacks by heavy, medium, and fighter-bombers. Railway bridges at Neuweid and Mayen were attacked by medium bombers while railway communications and transport in the areas of Neustadt, Homburg, Freiburg and to the south were struck at by medium and fighter-bombers. Railway yards at Bielefeld and rail targets elsewhere in northwestern Germany; oil refineries at Misburg, Hamburg and Harburg; a synthetic oil plant at Kamen and submarine building yards at Hamburg and Bremen were attacked by escorted heavy bombers in very great strength. Some of the escorting fighters flew low to strafe rail, road and canal transport. An oil refinery northeast of Hanover was hit by fighter-bombers which set fire to many storage tanks and three oil trains. Communications and rail, road and water transport in northern Holland were struck at by fighter bombers. Berlin was attacked by light bombers last night.

COORDINATED WITH: G-2, G-3 to C/S

THIS MESSAGE MAY BE SENT IN CLEAR BY ANY MEANS
/s/

Precedence
“OP” - AGWAR
“P” - Others

ORIGINATING DIVISION
PRD, Communique Section

NAME AND RANK TYPED. TEL. NO.
D. R. JORDAN, Lt Col FA4655

AUTHENTICATING SIGNATURE
/s/

U.S. Navy Department (February 25, 1945)

CINCPOA Communiqué No. 279

After preliminary bombardment by Marine artillery and heavy units of the Pacific Fleet, troops of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Marine Divisions launched an attack northward on Iwo Island on February 25 (East Longitude Date). Fighting was heavy throughout the day and at nightfall our forces were in positions of the East‑West runway of the Central Iwo field and about two‑thirds of the North‑South runway.

Carrier aircraft and Seventh Army Air Force Liberators of the Strategic Air Force, Pacific Ocean Areas, supported the attack.

A total of 2,827 enemy dead had been counted by noon of February 25.

Shortly before midnight of February 24, a small group of enemy aircraft attacked our forces on and around Iwo Island causing no damage. Part of their bombs were dropped in enemy territory on the Island. One of our night fighters shot down an enemy plane over Chichi Jima in the Bonins and three others were destroyed on the ground in the Bonins by our aircraft on February 24.

Beach conditions continued to show marked improvement.

StrAirPoa Army Liberators bombed the airfield on Chichi Jima in the Bonins causing a large explosion near the runways on February 23. On the following day an attack was made on Omura Town on the same Island.

The airfield on Marcus Island was bombed by StrAirPoa Army Liberators on February 24.

Neutralizing raids were continued on enemy-held bases in the Marshalls by Navy search aircraft of Fleet Air Wing Two on February 24.

The Pittsburgh Press (February 25, 1945)

MARINES CAPTURE HALF OF IWO
Invaders push to center of 2nd airfield

Offensive gains up to 600 yards

flagraise.iwo.ap
Fighting Marines hoist Stars and Stripes on the highest point of Mt. Suribachi Volcano, overlooking from the south the bloody battlefield on Iwo Island. (Navy Radiotelephoto)

GUAM – Marine shock troops, advancing as much as 600 yards in a general offensive, have captured approximately half of Iwo Island.

The invaders of Japan’s doorstep island have swept to the heart of Iwo’s central airfield.

Under cover of a land, air and sea bombardment, the Marines expanded their east coast beachhead about 600 yards, drove 300 to 500 yards through the center of the strong Jap defense lines and expanded their grip on the east coast by several hundred yards.

Jap death toll rises

Adm. Chester W. Nimitz’s war bulletin covering fighting through 6 p.m. Saturday, reported that Jap dead has now risen to 2,799. The last report on U.S. casualties listed 5,372 as of 6 p.m. Wednesday, of whom 644 were dead.

The latest advances which Adm. Nimitz called “substantial” increased the American grip on Iwo’s coast to five miles – three on the east and two on the west – and left the Japs in about seven miles of the coast. They also gave the American possession of about four of Iwo’s eight square miles and placed them well atop the 340-foot central plateau from which the Japs had been pouring withering fire into the ranks of the Devil Dogs.

Greatest U.S. gains

Although the Marines of the 3rd, 4th and 5th Divisions were slashing forward and scoring their greatest gains of a campaign that had been marked by yard-by-yard advances, Adm. Nimitz said:

In every zone of fighting, the enemy resisted our advance to the full extent of his armament. Weapons of the “Bazooka” type were employed against our tanks and the use of rocket bombs weighing about 500 kilograms (approximately 1,000 pounds) continued.

Testifying to the powerful defenses the remaining men of the Jap garrison of 20,000 were fighting from, Adm. Nimitz said that in a single area of approximately 200,00 square yards along the east coast, the Marines neutralized about 100 caves ranging from 30 to 40 feet deep.

Four-foot bulkheads

The Marines, rooting the Japs out of their defenses with bayonets, tommy guns and hand grenades, were encountering reinforced blockhouses and pillboxes having four-foot bulkheads.

One immediate result of the general advance was a “marked decrease of enemy artillery fire” into the rear areas of Southern Iwo won by the Americans in the opening days of the invasion which started last Monday, Adm. Nimitz said.

The bulletin issued early Sunday gave this picture of the flaming front from the east to west coasts:

  • 4TH MARINE DIVISION, commanded by Maj. Clifton B. Gates, opened a drive along the east coast which carried northward about 600 yards to extend the original invasion beachhead to a stretch of approximately three miles. Struck up the central plateau on the right flank of the 3rd Marine Division hitting the center of the Jap lines.

  • 3rd MARINE DIVISION, commanded by Maj. Gen. Graves B. Erskine, hammered 300 to 500 yards through a maze of interlocking pillboxes, blockhouses, fortified caves and thick minefields to burst across the center of the central or No. 2 Iwo airfield atop the central plains. This put the Yanks in the center of the island in an area where Jap military headquarters and governmental centers were located.

  • 5TH MARINE DIVISION, commanded by Maj. Gen. Keller E. Rockey, resumed its advance up the west coast after being pinned down by terrific Jap fire for 90 hours. It drove ahead several hundred yards to win a two-mile grip on the west coast.

Triple bombardment

The general attack was supported by Marine artillery, fire from heavy units of the fleet standing off the island and carrier aircraft.

Carrier planes also made an attack of Chichi Island in the Bonin Islands north of Iwo while Army Air Force Liberator bombers hammered the airfield and Omura Town of Chichi and Okamura Town on Haha Island last Thursday. On Friday, Marine fighters attacked targets in the Palau islands east of the Philippines.

Adm. Nimitz announced that on the southern tip of Iwo, Marines of the 28th Regiment of the 5th Marine Division had reached the crater of Mt. Suribachi and were mopping up Jap strongpoints on the mountain. Incomplete reports showed they had knocked out 115 Jap gun emplacements on the dormant volcano.

He said that the condition of the beaches, which had been under heavy Jap fire, showed marked improvement and that the unloading of supplies for the drive now in progress was accelerated.

Attack began Saturday

The general assault opened shortly after dawn Saturday when the weary Marines sprang from their foxholes and captured Jap trenches. By noon, Adm. Nimitz reported in an earlier communiqué, they were making slow but steady progress and during the afternoon hammered out their first sizeable one-day gains of the campaign.

Jap planes retire

Adm. Nimitz announced that Jap planes, conspicuous by their virtual absence, approached the island on Friday but retired without attacking.

Tokyo said the Americans had established two new beachheads on the southeastern coast. Other Tokyo broadcasts claimed a total of 17,000 American casualties were inflicted by Friday night, that eight more U.S. warships, including two battleships and four cruisers. had been sunk or damaged off Iwo.

Dispatches reported that although the situation was improving, the Marines faced many days of tough fighting before they won Iwo.

The longest of the two strips, Iwo central airfield – the Yanks already hold the southern field – runs from northeast to southwest. It is 5,525 feet long. The east west field is about 4,000 feet long and crosses the other strip about one-third of the way up from its southwestern tip.

Dispatches said that beyond the central airfield lay the flat-topped dome-shaped 360-foot Mt. Moto and several subsidiary peaks which mark the northern boundary of the central plateau.

‘Breaking their backs’

A dispatch from United Press war writer Mac Johnson aboard a fleet flagship said the Japs were “breaking their backs” with counterattacks and never before in the Central Pacific had the Marines had to throw back so many as on Iwo.

Mr. Johnson reported:

They serve to slow up and sometimes stall us, but the death toll for the enemy is unprofitably high. The Japs in groups of 50 to 200 smash against our lines just before evening and through the night. These onslaughts are welcomed for it is only by killing Japs that the enemy’s backbone of resistance can be broken. This is slowly being accomplished by whittling down the Jap garrison in a battle of annihilation.

FLEET PLANES BOMB TOKYO AGAIN
Jap capital hit 3rd time within week

Mitscher’s carriers return to attack

Yanks roll on toward Rhine

1st, 9th Armies drive 16 miles from Cologne – Canadians spurt ahead

Angels of Bataan fly back to ‘heaven’

68 Army nurses reach U.S. in 4 big planes
By Richard W. Johnston, United Press staff writer

Tunnels between pillboxes honeycomb bloody Iwo Isle

600 wounded evacuated to Marianas – each has tale of heroism, by someone else
By Lloyd Tupling, United Press staff writer

Saturday, February 24, 1945

SOMEWHERE IN THE MARIANAS – A shipload of more than 600 battle-worn Marines arrived today for hospitalization.

They were the first battle casualties to be evacuated from Iwo Jima.

Unloading of the wounded was delayed several hours when a hospital ship rammed an obstruction while nearing a dock. About two-thirds of the men were on stretchers.

Veterans of the Bougainville, Guadalcanal and Saipan invasions among the wounded said the Iwo battlefield was “worse than the worst of them.”

“The whole island was honeycombed with interconnected pillboxes,” one 5th Marine Division sergeant said.

The sergeant, suffering from shock and combat fatigue, said his platoon worked its way past a group of pillboxes, burning some and bypassing others without drawing Jap fire. But as soon as the Marines were past the pillboxes, the enemy emplacements opened up with machine guns, he said. The Japs, meanwhile, poured mortar fire from Mt. Suribachi into the Americans.

“When they get you like that, there’s nothing you can do but wait for the boys to move up from behind and relieve you,” he said.

One Marine corporal who operated a flamethrower during both the Saipan and Iwo landings, said the Japs on Iwo showed no signs of their previous disorganization.

“They had perfect communications as far as I could see,” the corporal said. “And they had the range of every foot of that island.

“When one platoon would move up all they had to do was order one group of artillery mortars to cut loose, and they had us.”

Heavy toll of tanks

Wounded Marines interviewed aboard ship said Jap mines took a heavy toll of tanks, halftracks and other combat vehicles.

Wreckage of shattered landing craft, vehicles and the broken bodies of men clogged the beaches.

A 4th Division Marine private said:

You could find any part of the human body there is on that beach.

I was one of the lucky ones. A mortar shell went off under my feet as we were moving up a 20-foot hill. The blast lifted me at least 20 feet.

All I had on when I hit the earth was the collar and cuffs of my combat jacket.

He said he suffered internal injuries but did not receive a scratch externally.

Bandaged Marines clad in new G.I. clothing huddled in groups on the deck of the hospital ship, some joking, some talking seriously and others sitting silently alone.

Each had a tale of heroism to tell – about somebody else, For example, there was the Browning automatic rifleman who wiped out four Japs in a cave, was wounded in the knee, ran to another cave where he was hit by four more bullets and finally had to be ordered to return to the beach with medical corpsmen.

Like aerial bombs

One veteran 5th Division Marine said the Jap mortar fire resembled “silver-colored things like aerial bombs dropping all over the sky.”

“There wasn’t much shrapnel because the sand was soft and splinters buried themselves,” said a 28th Regiment Marine.

“But it was also too soft to make good foxholes. As soon as you’d dig a hole, the sand would fall in on you.”

The Marine said he was glad to hear his regiment had finally topped Mt. Suribachi.

“We started up there twice the first day but were ordered back,” he said. “I was on the third trip when I got it in the shoulder. I don’t remember what happened.”

The Marines said Iwo was infested by hungry flies, “so greedy they left the dead alone and were chasing us.”

Stop-at-midnight curfew to silence even jukeboxes

Flow of liquor to end at midnight – only all-night restaurants to stay open

Daring rescue by parachutists ‘great thrill’ for internees

Entire Jap garrison killed as raiders save 2,146 at Los Banos on Luzon
By the United Press

Roosevelt’s health called ‘not too good’

Saturday, February 24, 1945

VATICAN CITY (UP) – The semi-official Vatican News Service said today that President Roosevelt was believed to have hurried home from the Crimea Conference because his health was “not too good.”

Commenting on the expected arrival of Archbishop Francis J. Spellman of New York, the service said:

It is believed here that the reason Roosevelt hurriedly returned to America was due to the fact his condition of health was not too good.

Railway-WMC job row near showdown

Union, firm silent on discrimination charge

3-way blame cited for crisis in manpower

Management, U.S., and labor scored


Manpower bill faces knifing by Senators

Committee brings out compromise

Ex-partner held in ‘slots’ slaying

World peace unit needed, dean says

OPA increases points on lard and margarine

Cooking oils to ‘cost’ more red tokens, too

Aim of offensive: To link with Reds

Manila Japs wiped out in walled city

Annihilation complete, MacArthur says

LUZON, Philippines (UP) – U.S. troops have completed annihilation of the trapped Jap garrison in South Manila and more than 12,000 enemy bodies have been counted so far, Gen. Douglas MacArthur announced today.

Gen. MacArthur announced, 22 days after his troops first entered Manila, that Maj. Gen. Robert S. Beightler’s 37th Infantry Division and Maj. Gen. Verne D. Mudge’s 1st Cavalry Division had overwhelmed the final enemy positions in the Intramuros, the ancient walled section of the city.

3,000 civilians freed

They released 3,000 civilians whom “the incorrigible enemy” had caught and penned in Intramuros and who had suffered “unbelievable indignities and dangers,” Gen. MacArthur said.

His communiqué added:

This operation and the tremendous and disproportionate losses in men and material sustained during the progress of our advance through Luzon, following the catastrophic defeat in Leyte, dooms Gen. Yamashita’s Philippine campaign and presages the early clearance of the entire archipelago.

Heavy toll on Corregidor

U.S. troops are also levying a mounting toll of the trapped and desperate Jap garrison of Corregidor.

Known enemy dead there total 2,309, Gen. MacArthur’s communiqué said. It is believed several thousand others have been destroyed in Corregidor’s labyrinth of rocky corridors by the blasting and closing of some 132 tunnels.

East and north of Manila, U.S. infantry have scored gains of up to 10 miles against Jap troops drawing into the mountains.

Hitler: War will turn in Germany’s favor by 1945

Fuehrer grimly promises elimination of anyone who falters during struggle
Saturday, February 24, 1945

LONDON, England (UP) – Adolf Hitler, in a speech read by a henchman, said today that the war will turn in Germany’s favor during “1945.”

Der Fuehrer grimly promised the “elimination” of any German who falters during the struggle.

The German radio reported Hitler’s first reported speech since January 30, 1945. The German DNB Agency said it was read for him at a Munich Nazi Party celebration. It was addressed to old party comrades on the 25th anniversary of the forming of a Nazi Party program.

As he had January 30, he made little effort to gloss over the struggle which faces Germany. He said that each German “must throw everything into the balance so as to free our people from this plight.”

Will happen this year

The speech said:

There must be no doubt that National Socialist Germany will carry on the struggle until the historical turning point takes place, and this will happen during the present year.

Hitler said that to preserve the German nation, its people must be ready “to shoulder every sacrifice in order to safeguard this life for the future.”

Working relentlessly

He said:

My own life has only such value as it has for the nation.

Therefore, I am working relentlessly at the reestablishment and consolidation of our fronts for the defensive and the offensive, at the production and employment of old and new weapons, at the stiffening of the spirit of our resistance, and, if necessary, just as in previous times, at the elimination of all wreckers who either do not join in the struggle for the preservation of our nation or who want to oppose it.

Hitler said he was almost sorry that Allied bombers had not wrecked his house at Berchtesgaden, for had such action been carried out, he could have shared this additional burden with his people.

Can’t stand weakness

He said:

I have read these days in the British papers that the enemies intend to destroy my country house. I almost regret that this has not been done, for whatever I call my own is not more valuable than that which my compatriots possess. I shall be happy to share in carrying unto the last, and as far as is humanly possible, every burden that others have to bear.

The only thing I would be unable to bear would be signs of weakness among my people.

Hitler explained that his sense of duty and his present work kept him from delivering his speech in person, the Berlin radio said. He said that only the Nazi Party program had enabled the Germans, to carry on, and added:

Whoever is amazed at the miracle of the present resistance, or even cannot understand it, ought to consider what it means that I, an unknown man without a name, began a struggle for an idea and thus for a conquest of power, likewise against a united world of enemies.

“We all know how difficult the present struggle is,” he said. “Whatever we may lose in this battle bears no comparison to what we would lose were it not crowned by success.”

Americans take new peak in Italy

Attacks on fresh Nazi troops repulsed

Mississippi shipyard hit by walkout

Men demand exactly ‘what we asked for’