America at war! (1941–) – Part 4

Supreme HQ Allied Expeditionary Force (March 2, 1945)

FROM
(A) SHAEF MAIN

ORIGINATOR
PRD, Communique Section

DATE-TIME OF ORIGIN
021100A March

TO FOR ACTION
(1) AGWAR
(2) NAVY DEPARTMENT

TO (W) FOR INFORMATION (INFO)
(3) TAC HQ 12 ARMY GP
(4) MAIN 12 ARMY GP
(5) AIR STAFF
(6) ANCXF
(7) EXFOR MAIN
(8) EXFOR REAR
(9) DEFENSOR, OTTAWA
(10) CANADIAN C/S, OTTAWA
(11) WAR OFFICE
(12) ADMIRALTY
(13) AIR MINISTRY
(14) UNITED KINGDOM BASE
(15) SACSEA
(16) CMHQ (Pass to RCAF & RCN)
(17) COM ZONE
(18) SHAEF REAR
(19) SHAEF MAIN
(20) PRO, ROME
(21) HQ SIXTH ARMY GP 
(REF NO.)
NONE

(CLASSIFICATION)
IN THE CLEAR

Communiqué No. 328

UNCLASSIFIED: Heavy fighting continues in the area between the Hochwald Forest and Weeze. South of Uedem, Allied forces have entered Kervenheim against strong opposition.

Enemy troops on the northwest fringe of the Hochwald Forest were strafed by fighters. Strongpoints and gun positions near Labbeck and the village of Sonsbeck were attacked by fighter-bombers. Targets at Xanten and Kevelaer were attacked by medium and light bombers and rail lines in the Wesel area were cut by fighter-bombers.

Our ground units across the Roer have maintained good progress. Munchengladbach has been captured.

Fighter-bombers struck at railyards north of Düsseldorf, rail and road targets between Munchengladbach and Düsseldorf.

We are meeting stubborn enemy resistance east of the Erft River. Our units have entered Bergheim, Ichendorf, Horrem, and Mödrath.

East of Düren, we have crossed the Neffel River, cleared Pingsheim and Dorweiler, and have entered Wissersheim. Farther to the south, Müddersheim and Disternich have been captured. Our units, driving south on the east side of the Roer River, have met strong enemy resistance south of Nideggen.

Rail and road targets on both sides of the Rhine near Köln and to the south were struck at by fighter-bombers. Medium and light bombers attacked eight communications centers, most of them west of the Rhine in the Cologne area, and a rail bridge east of the city.

South of Schleiden, we have taken Oberreifferscheid. Our forces have gained one-half mile against stubborn resistance in the area nine miles northeast of Prüm, and we have taken high ground just east of Willwerath, four miles northeast of Prüm. South of Prüm, we have expanded our bridgehead across the Prüm River, and have captured Lascheid and Lambertsberg.

In the area north of Bitburg, we have taken Scheid and Ehlenz and our armored elements have repulsed a strong, tank-supported counterattack. Fighter-bombers operating in this area struck at fortified towns and armored columns.

North of Trier, our infantry has taken Möhn and Butzweiler. Our armored elements advancing from the south against enemy small arms, mortar and artillery fire have entered the outskirts of Trier and have cut the main highway one and one-half miles northeast of the city. South of Trier, we have taken Krettnach, Obermennig and Oberemmel in an advance to the northwest. Our forces in the area five and one-half miles east of Saarburg have gained one mile to the south.

There was little activity in the sector from Saarbrücken to the Franco-Swiss border. Two enemy raids were repulsed near the Rhine northeast of Strasbourg.

Allied forces in the west captured 7,507 prisoners 28 February.

Railyards at Hellbronn, Bruchsal, Göppingen, Reutlingen, Neckarsulm, Ingolstadt, Ulm and Augsburg, all in southern Germany and the communications center and industrial town of Mannheim were attacked yesterday by escorted heavy bombers in very great strength. By strafing in the vicinity of Stuttgart, München, Nuremberg and Kassel, the escorting fighters destroyed nine enemy aircraft on the ground and shot up large numbers of locomotives, rail cars and road transport. Other escorted heavy bombers attacked the synthetic oil plant at Kamen near Dortmund.

Two rail bridges over the Moselle and an ordnance depot at Giessen were targets for medium and light bombers.

Fighter-bombers attacked railyards in the Darmstadt area and at Alzey, northwest of Worms, and cut rail lines in the Kaiserslautern area.

Twenty-three enemy aircraft were shot down. Twelve heavy bombers and 22 fighters are missing.

Last night, light bombers attacked targets in Berlin and Erfurt.

COORDINATED WITH: G-2, G-3 to C/S

THIS MESSAGE MAY BE SENT IN CLEAR BY ANY MEANS
/s/

Precedence
“OP” - AGWAR
“P” - Others

ORIGINATING DIVISION
PRD, Communique Section

NAME AND RANK TYPED. TEL. NO.
D. R. JORDAN, Lt Col FA4655

AUTHENTICATING SIGNATURE
/s/

U.S. Navy Department (March 2, 1945)

CINCPOA Communiqué No. 285

Attacking in the center of the enemy lines, the 3rd Marine Division drove a salient seven hundred yards deep into enemy positions and captured Hill 362 on Iwo Island on March 2 (East Longitude Date). Smaller advances were made in other sectors. The attack was launched after bombardment of enemy areas by Marine artillery, naval guns and carrier aircraft, and it was met by intense small arms, automatic weapons and mortar fire. The 5th Division beat off a counterattack in its zone of action.

A total of 7,127 enemy dead had been counted by 1200 on March 2. Prisoners of war total 32.

Destruction of enemy caves and strongpoints on Iwo Island is continuing. Restoration of the southern Iwo airfield is proceeding.

During the night of March 1, carrier aircraft made bombing and rocket attacks on Omura town and on the airfield on Chichi Jima in the Bonins, causing an explosion and fire. Seventh Army Air Force Liberators operating under the Strategic Air Force, Pacific Ocean Areas, bombed targets on Chichi Jima and Haha Jima on March 1.

Navy Search Venturas of Fleet Air Wing Two bombed and strafed airfield installations on Wake Island on March 1.

Fourth Marine Aircraft Wing Corsair fighters continued neutralizing enemy-held bases in the Marshalls.

The Pittsburgh Press (March 2, 1945)

9TH ARMY DRIVES TO RHINE
Big guns pound Duesseldorf – Patton takes Trier fortress

British force in action on left wing of Allied offensive, Nazis say

2,200 Allied heavy bombers roar into Battle of Germany

Roosevelt favors Reds’ use of Nazis

Would have Germans rebuild war damage

Main defense belt on Iwo breached

Marines’ campaign near last phases

GUAM (UP) – U. S. Marines broke through the enemy’s main defense belt on Iwo in a hotly-contested advance to within 1,200 yards of the north coast today.

“The Iwo campaign is moving into its last phases,” United Press writer Mac R. Johnson reported from the invasion flagship off Japan’s tiny front doorstep island.

“The end of the campaign may come within three to four days if the Marine tempo of 400 to 600-yard daily average advance is maintained,” he said.

The 3rd Marine Division at the center of the front breached the enemy’s main defense line in an 800-yard advance that carried across the western end of Iwo’s third and last airfield.

The breakthrough at the center threatened to split the surviving garrison of probably fewer than 10,000 Japs in Iwo for piecemeal annihilation.

Both the eastern and western flanks of the enemy line were also under attack, but the 4th and 5th Marine Divisions in these sectors still have as much as 2,500 yards to go to reach the northern beaches.

In the west, however. Maj. Gen. Keller E. Rockey’s 5th Division seized Hill 362, one of the highest observation posts in the northern area.

Maj Gen. Greaves B. Erskine, commander of the 3rd Division, reported the central breakthrough to Lt. Gen. Holland M. Smith, invasion commander, aboard Vice Adm. Richmond K. Turner’s flagship.

Gen. Erskine said his veterans of the Guam and Saipan campaign, had battled through a belt of blockhouses and pillboxes on high ground from which the Japs swept the advancing Marines with murderous crossfire.

A Marine spokesman aboard Adm. Turner’s flagship said the fighting for the defense line was at the closest range of the entire 11-day campaign.

“When our men got into the enemy-held ground, they found the Japs still were there,” he said. “They had to fight it out and killed them in what could nearly be called ‘hand-to-hand’ fighting.”

It was believed the remaining enemy defenses guarding the north coast were not so strong as those which the Americans have just pierced.

Behind their lines, 3rd Division forces cleared encircled Motoyama village, administrative center and largest town on Iwo.

The northern airfield on Iwo – Motoyama Airfield No. 3 – now partly occupied by the 3rd Division, was never completed by the Japs. Their other two airfields are in American hands.

A Tokyo broadcast said Jap planes had spotted and attacked a “concentration of American convoys” off the Bonin Islands, just north of Iwo.

The Marines captured their largest one-day bag of prisoners of the 11-day campaign yesterday. Seventeen were rounded up by the 3rd Division, bringing the total since the invasion February 19 to 27.

U.S. carrier planes carried out harassing attacks on enemy installations on Chichi in the Bonin islands, north of Iwo, Wednesday night.

In the Marianas, 37 more Japs were killed and 52 captured in mopping-up operations on Saipan, 35 killed and 11 captured on Guam, and seven killed and two captured on Tinian.

MacArthur’s men seize 2 islands

UMW demands’ costs estimated at $400 million

Lewis asks royalty of 10 cents a ton


34,000 already die –
Strikes spread in Detroit

Production for war seriously hampered

Wiggle out of this one, girls –
WLB grades Hawaii hula dancers

Yank doctors deliver ‘Franklin D.’ in Reich

I DARE SAY —
The messenger of the door

By Florence Fisher Parry

Army looters get ‘fighting’ chance

Red stamp racket may involve 200


Capone’s brother held in slaying

Rhine great natural barrier, but some bridges remain

By the United Press

Work-or-else hit as totalitarian

Beach on Iwo flaming hell, wounded say

100 victims flown to Pearl Harbor

NAVAL HOSPITAL, Pearl Harbor (UP) – Iwo’s beach was “a mess” … “a blazing blur” … “a flaming hell” …

Those impressions, along with unforgettable memories of American heroism, were carried today by first combat casualties from Iwo as they tested here en route home in flying Army ambulances.

More than 100 Marine, Navy and Seabee wounded, who were hurt in the first day and a half after the landing, arrived yesterday from Guam to where they first had been evacuated.

Torrent of Jap fire

A Marine public relations officer from Ohio grinned from his hospital cot as he told of the torrent of artillery, mortar, rocket and small arms fire that poured down on the first waves to hit the Iwo beaches.

Mortar fire had broken his leg. He stayed all night in a foxhole under heavy fire and finally was evacuated to Guam after one landing craft was sunk under him on the way to the hospital ship.

He said:

The beach was a mess when we landed. We could see that something was wrong. Tanks, barges and supplies were piled up on the shore and men were trying to dig in with their bare hands.

The Japs were raking the beach furiously from Mt. Suribachi and from a quarry to the north. Everybody was pinned down.

Cigar between teeth

The bravest man I saw was a young Marine about 19 with a carbine slung over his shoulder and a big cigar clamped between his teeth. He leaped out of his foxhole every time a barge landed to haul supplies forward with a tractor while hell whistled around him.

One 5th Division Marine from Staten Island, New York, had difficulty recalling his impression of the landing.

“I got mine from mortars within 10 minutes after landing. Iwo was just a blazing blur to me,” he said.

Another Staten Island Marine, veteran of the Tinian and Saipan invasions, said:

It was a Jap rocket that got me. You can’t hear them or see them coming your way like you can the mortars. Two 1,000-pound rocket bombs landed among a bunch of corpsmen and doctors and a third one got me five hours after the landings.

Japs from all sides

A Marine captain from Texas said:

Jap fire seemed to come from all sides – before, behind and above – as I moved up with the men.

I saw three Marines and three Japs pegging grenades back and forth from a foxhole just a few yards apart during one lull. The Marines must have won because I saw them move up later.

MacArthur back on Corregidor, recalls heroic stand in 1942

By Frank Hewlett, United Press war correspondent

Japanese to form new fascist party

Premier says nation may be battlefield

G.I. nurses get slacks for year ‘round


Husband accused of slaying wife

Regret about lost future follows wound on Iwo Isle

Reporter remembers surgeon prying into ripped throat, wasn’t frightened of death
By Keith Wheeler, North American Newspaper Alliance

Keith Wheeler, severely wounded on Iwo Jima, is now writing from the base hospital on Saipan. This is the second of a series.

ARMY STATION HOSPITAL, Saipan (Feb. 26, delayed) – I suspect the most vivid single memory of my life will always be the blow of the bullet that smashed through my throat and jaw at 1:30 p.m. February 20.

Exactly as I remember it, I cannot describe it. It was a violent blow, with a quality of redness and a quality of precise, intended savagery. I felt it strike the right side of my face.

And this is a curious thing, because three days later I learned the bullet actually had struck the left side, going out again on the right.

I was in the regimental command post of the 25th Marines, where for an hour I had crouched in the bottom of a two-man foxhole with young Maj. John R. Jones while the Japs threw 400 screaming artillery shells into our position. The earth quaked and we sucked occasionally on a blessed canteen which Maj. Jones thoughtfully had filled with Benedictine and brandy.

When the Jap barrage shifted to the right, I stood up to watch the shells bursting among the American tanks on the airfield above us. That’s when I got hit.

I fell forward slowly, doubling my chin against a bright, hot, red freshet of blood that leaped before my eyes. Somebody yelled: “Lie down; lie back; quiet!”

I obeyed.

I did not question that I would die. I had seen a Marine hit the same way at Tarawa and had watched the life gush out of him in less than five minutes.

I wasn’t frightened. I only wondered how long it would take and whether I would know when it came.

There was a strange feeling in this because more than anything else about war, I have always hated the corpses – the pitiful, smashed, helpless, yellow, black, swollen and stinking things that were once men – and always I had dreaded the chance that I might look like that. Now it didn’t seem important and I understood that being one of them, I would be with good companions.

I wondered why I hadn’t heard the bullet coming, remembering all the whines and crackles I had ducked fearfully for more than three years.

And I thought with regret about the lost future and I wondered how Soon my wife and daughter and parents would learn of what had happened to me.

The hot, gushing flood spread across my body and face with incredible swiftness. Two slippery hands clutched desperately at my throat.

“You’ll choke him,” somebody said. Both hands shifted to the right and I could breathe again, the harsh gasping of my lungs sounding strange in my cars.

I opened my eyes and with a sort of detached curiosity watched and listened and felt the earth tremble as the Japs began to shell again. I could see that Maj. Jones was holding my head while Lt. Cmdr. Howard S. Eccleston, the regimental surgeon, and Lt. Jack Mortell, the dentist, bent over me, working.

I could feel fingers and instruments prying into my ripped throat, but there was no pain, only numbness and a sort of patient waiting.

“Can you get it?” somebody asked. Cmdr. Eccleston grunted, then said he had the upper one but the other was hard to find in the wound and the rush of blood. I understood they were trying to get clamps on a severed artery.

Cmdr. Eccleston grunted again with satisfaction and then cursed as the clamp slipped off. The pumping spread again swiftly and I wondered why I was able to stay conscious so long.

Except that my neck was stiff and some blood gurgled in each breath, I was not uncomfortable. I was growing sleepy and thought with a sort of quiet, friendly gratitude how these men I had barely met were exposing themselves to deadly danger trying to save a life already nearly lost.