America at war! (1941–) – Part 4

Mrs. Roosevelt denies advocating birth control

First Lady says financial condition should be factor in size of family

WASHINGTON (UP) – Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt today encountered a barrage of press conference questions about whether she had advocated birth control, as charged by various Catholic spokesmen.

She insisted, however, that when she discussed family sizes at her press conference a week ago, “I did not mention birth control.” Instead, she added, she said then that if there were 12 children in a family, it was important for the family to have enough to feed the children properly and to give them decent living conditions.

The First Lady also pointed out today that her church – she is an Episcopalian – had “never taken a stand against people using common sense in determining the size of their families.”

Regarding the size of her own family, she said:

I happen to have had six children, but if I had had 12 or even 25 it would still have been all right because they would still have had enough to eat.

Five living

Five Roosevelt children are now living. One died very young.

Mrs. Roosevelt also said it is “important that the mother of the family be healthy.”

“I think that the Catholic Church agrees on that,” she added.

Asked about a tendency of rich families to have few children, she said:

Rich people have a tendency because of their material comforts to become selfish and selfish people don’t want to have children. There is a little difficulty involved in having children – after all, they just don’t drop from heaven.

Families closer together

Noting the prevalence of large families among people of poorer circumstances, Mrs. Roosevelt said difficulties often weld a family closer together and create less selfishness. And where there is less selfishness, she added, there is apt to be the desire for larger families.

“Outrageous” was her word for the practice of apartment houses and hotels to refuse to take children.

Trapped Japs inside Manila spurn surrender ultimatum

Yanks launch annihilation drive against enemy remnants in 3 government buildings

MANILA, Philippines (UP) – Trapped Jap bodies in Manila ignored a surrender ultimatum today.

U.S. troops immediately began an annihilation drive against the enemy remnants holding out in three government buildings.

The final assault on the last enemy pocket in the capital came as other U.S. forces pushed into the foothills of the Sierra Madres Mountains east of Manila in an attack on the 25-mile-long Kobayashi Line.

An estimated 1,000 fanatical Japs, believed commanded by Rear Adm. Iwabuchi, were lodged in the three buildings and faced certain doom.

Yanks guns open up

They had been given three choices in the ultimatum – suicide, a fight to death, or honorable surrender. Their only reply was sniper fire while the edict was being read over a loudspeaker.

When the deadline passed at daybreak, American guns opened fire and the troops prepared for an assault on the buildings to clean out the last resistance in Manila.

With the city virtually clear, other U.S. troops resumed their drive toward Luzon’s eastern coast with an offensive against the Kobayashi Line.

Near Los Banos

Units of the 1st Cavalry and 6th Infantry Divisions were attacking the Jap line from Taytay, two miles north of Laguna de Bay lakes to Norzagaray, 19 miles northeast of Manila.

At the same time, the 11th Airborne Division continued its rapid drive southward along the west coast of Laguna de Bay lakes and crossed the Juan River,15 miles below Muntinlupa. The thrust brought the airborne units within five miles of Los Banos, where another sensational liberation of Allied internees was carried out Friday.

A communiqué disclosed that the 33rd Infantry Division had joined the Luzon forces and was fighting in the hills north of Rosario, nine miles above San Fabian on the Lingayen Gulf.

Scattered Jap remnants continued to fight back on Corregidor as the Americans pushed down the tail of the salamander-shaped island.

War news costs lives on Iwo Island

Envelope of dispatch bloodstained

GUAM (UP) – The battle to get the war news back from bloody Iwo Island is a tough one too.

The hardships of civilian war correspondents, Marine combat correspondents, Navy, Marine and Army public relations personnel on Iwo were disclosed in a letter from United Press writer Mac Johnson, aboard an expeditionary flagship off Iwo.

The letter, dated February 23, said that the first story from Lisle Shoemaker, United Press writer on Iwo, arrived aboard ship “in a blood-saturated envelope.”

Holes in message

Mr. Johnson said:

It must have been the messenger that got it because there were holes in Lisle’s copy.

Press boats [to deliver copy from the beach to the flagship for transmission] have been wrecked, shot up and disabled. Sometimes when the press boat was available to go to the beach, the beachmaster wouldn’t let it in because of priority on ammunition, food and equipment in boats waiting to unload.

‘A rough campaign’

Many public relations officers, public relations helpers, and combat correspondents were wounded or killed.

Due to circumstances, there were no central gathering points for copy and the boats couldn’t make pickup schedules and many times they were able to meet schedules.

This has been a rough campaign.

Allies relax secret terms for Italians

Rome gets right to use code messages
By Reynolds Packard, United Press staff writer


More high ground captured in Italy

Soldier’s heart ‘peeled’ in 4½-hour operation

Surgeon holds organ in hand and removes layer of calcium

Arms to save lives requested

Forrestal describes fighting on Iwo

GUAM (UP) – Secretary of the Navy James E. Forrestal appealed to the American people at home today for more and more munitions to save the lives of their men fighting on the far-flung battlefronts of the world.

Just back from a tour of the American beachhead on bloody Iwo, where he saw the Stars and Stripes raised triumphantly, Mr. Forrestal made his appeal in a radio broadcast from Adm. Chester W. Nimitz’s Advanced Pacific Fleet Headquarters.

The Marines are fighting valiantly on Iwo and have exacted a four-to-one toll in death from the Japs, he said, but they need an increasing flow of munitions to maintain their fighting edge.

Bombed for 70 days

Mr. Forrestal explained how the tiny island, only 750 miles from Tokyo, was bombed for 70 successive days, shelled for three straight days by battleships, cruisers and destroyers, and hit intermittently by carrier planes.

The Secretary said:

Let me stress here that the tremendous storm of metal thrown on Iwo Jima sharpens again the necessity for the continued output of munitions in our plants at home.

Only because of that rain of metal could the island be reduced at all. Because of it, our ratio of losses is far less than it otherwise would have been.

As Fleet Adm. Nimitz has said, it is our policy in the Pacific to have an unstoppable edge of power in these attacks. A steamroller, as he puts it. That steamroller saves us many lives.

It will take the output, however, of many factories and hard work by all hands in these factories for months to come, if we are to keep that edge of power.

Describes scene

Mr. Forrestal said he was halfway to shore with Lt. Gen. Holland Smith when the Marines reached the top of Mt. Suribachi – a volcano with sides so precipitous they seemed almost vertical.

G.I. train looters may get clemency

Gen. Lear talks to convicted men


Warship saves fliers 25 miles from Tokyo Bay

Magic word ‘Americansky’ saves life of U.S. airman

3-square-meal food plan studied by government

$750 million proposal would be available to low-income families


Foreign policy accounting asked

Democrats plan fund campaign

Editorial: Coal flow must continue

Editorial: How smart are we?

Editorial: Hitler is frantic

Hitler’s latest anniversary whine is that of a man who is cornered and knows it. His customary predictions of victory are faint, almost drowned out by his frank admissions of Germany’s desperate position.

It is not surprising that he admits so much. The Russian advance across eastern Germany and Gen. Eisenhower’s drive from the west cannot be covered up. There are too many millions of Germans within sound of the guns, and too many other millions of refugees. Not a single large city of the Reich, or major transportation center or industrial area, escapes bombing.

The most significant part of this strange outburst by Hitler – or whoever wrote it – is the hint that German morale is breaking. Fear is a contagious thing, and nobody knows this better than the Nazi masters of propaganda. When the leader is afraid, how can the people – even the goose steppers – stave off panic? What must be the effect on the faithful of this left-handed confession that so-called cowardice and sabotage are so widespread that German morale is now an “if” question:

If the front and the homeland are jointly determined to destroy those who renounce the law of self-preservation, those who act like cowards or those who sabotage the fight, then they will save the nation… The only thing that I should not be able to bear would be the weakness of my nation.

On the basis of these unwilling revelations, and the known chaotic conditions in the Reich, it is reasonable to hope the enemy is cracking up, but reasonable conclusions are not always accurate regarding Germany, as the Allies have discovered so often. The only safe assumption is that the German people will hang on until their armies are completely defeated in the field.

Edson: Kaiser, Higgins and Reynolds get most from RFC

By Peter Edson

Ferguson: Types

By Mrs. Walter Ferguson

Background of news –
Apologies to avoid censure

By Bertram Benedict

Monahan: Looking for a good movie? The town this week boasts of many

By Kaspar Monahan

Simms: ‘All for one’ policy mapped by Americas

Monroe Doctrine attracts support
By William Philip Simms, Scripps-Howard foreign editor

U.S. presents 10-point plan for Americas

Right to live decently stressed


Circus chiefs work against time to open show – then go to jail

Executives sentenced as result of fire remain tightlipped, seek to carry on
By Karl A. Bickel, Scripps-Howard staff writer

Ernie Pyle V Norman

Roving Reporter

By Ernie Pyle

IN THE MARIANAS ISLANDS (delayed) – Before starting out on my long tours with the Navy, I’ve decided to visit the famous B-29 Superfortress boys who are bombing Japan from here.

This came about largely because I have “kinfolk” flying on the B-29s, and I thought I’d kill two birds by visiting and writing at the same time.

So here I am, sitting on a screened porch in my underwear, comfortable as a cat, with the surf beating on the shore and a lot of bomber pilots swimming out front.

The B-29 boys, from commandant clear down to lowest enlisted men, live well out here. They are all appreciative of their good fortune, and I’ve not heard a dissenting voice. Of course, they would all rather be home, but who wouldn’t?

The man I came to visit is Lt. Jack Bales, another farm boy from down the road near Dana, Indiana. Jack is a sort of nephew of mine. He isn’t exactly a nephew, but it’s too complicated to explain. I used to hold him on my knee and all that sort of thing. Now he’s 26, and starting to get bald like his “uncle.”

Ready for career

Jack’s folks still live just a mile down the road from our farm. But Jack left the farm and went to the University of Illinois and got educated real good, and was just ready to become a famous lawyer when the war came along and he enlisted.

He spent a year as a private and then got a commission and now he’s a first lieutenant and flew over with the B-29s from Nebraska last October.

When I telephoned Jack and said I’d be out in about an hour to stay a few days, he said he would put up an extra cot in his hut for me.

When I got there the cot was up, with blankets and mattress covers laid out on it. Jack had told the other boys he was having a visitor, and on the assumption it was a woman, Jack had six eager volunteers helping him put up the cot. When I showed up, skinny and bald, it was an awful letdown, but they’ve all been decent about it,

Record for missions

Jack lives in a steel Quonset hut with 19 other fliers. Most of them are pilots, but Jack is a radio man. He and another fellow have charge of all his squadron’s radio. He doesn’t have to go on missions except now and then to check up.

But upon arriving I learned, both to my astonishment and pride, that he had been on more missions than anybody in his squadron. In fact, he’s been on so many that his squadron commander has forbidden him to go for a while.

He doesn’t go on so many because he enjoys it. Nobody but a freak likes to go on combat missions. He goes because he has things to learn, and because he can contribute things by going.

Another mission or two and he will have had his quota authorizing him to go back to rest camp for a while. But he seems to show no strain from the ordeal. He’s pretty phlegmatic, and he says that sitting around camp gets so monotonous he sort of welcomes a mission just for a change.

Little chance to peek

During flight Jack sits in a little compartment in the rear of the plane, and can’t see out. In all his missions over Japan he’s seen only one Jap fighter. Not that they didn’t have plenty around, but he’s so busy he seldom gets to a window for a peek. The one time he did, a Jap came slamming under the plane so close it almost took the skin off.

Like all combat crewmen, Jack spends all night and at least half of each day lying on his cot. He holds the record in his hut for “sack time,” which means just lying on your cot doing nothing. He has his work so organized that it doesn’t take much of his time between missions, and since there’s nothing else to do, you just lie around.

Eight out of 10 married

The B-29 fliers sleep on folding canvas cots, with rough white sheets. Sleeping is wonderful here, and along toward morning you usually pull a blanket over you.

Each flier has a dresser of wooden shelves he’s made for himself, and several homemade tables scattered around. The walls are plastered with maps, snapshots and pinup girls – but I noticed that real pinup girls (wives and mothers) dominated over the movie beauties. In fact, eight of the 10 men in the hut are married.

Although the food is good here, most of the boys get packages from home. One kid wrote and told his folks to slow up a little, that he was snowed under with packages.

Jack has had two jars of Indiana fried chicken from my Aunt Mary. She cans it and seals it in mason jars, and it’s wonderful. She sent me some in France, but I’d gone before it got there.

Jack took some of his fried chicken in his lunch over Tokyo one day. We Hoosiers sure do get around, even the chickens.