America at war! (1941–) – Part 4

Führer HQ (February 26, 1945)

Kommuniqué des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht

Wie bereits gemeldet, wurde im Süden der Ostfront der über den Gran nach Westen vorgedrungene Feind durch Verbände des Heeres und der Waffen-SS im kraftvollen Angriff zerschlagen oder auf das Ostufer zurückgeworfen. Die Bolschewisten verloren in diesen Kämpfen 700 Gefangene und über 4.000 Tote. 90 Panzer und 334 Geschütze aller Art wurden vernichtet oder erbeutet.

Entlang der Gebirgstäler des slowakischen Erzgebirges traten die Sowjets mit starken Kräften zum Angriff an und erzielten südlich und östlich Altsohl geringen Geländegewinn.

An den bisherigen Brennpunkten des Abwehrkampfes in Schlesien scheiterten auch gestern die feindlichen Durchbruchsversuche nördlich Zobten, südlich Goldberg und bei Lauban am hartnäckigen Widerstand unserer Panzer und Grenadiere. Auf dem Westufer der Lausitzer Neiße zerschlugen eigene Angriffe trotz starker Gegenwehr zwei feindliche Brückenköpfe. An den Stadträndern von Forst und Guben brachen zahlreiche Angriffe der Bolschewisten im Abwehrfeuer zusammen.

Die Besatzungen von Breslau und Glogau verteidigten sich in erbitterten Straßenkämpfen, so dass dem Feind nennenswerte Erfolge versagt blieben.

Von der Oderfront und aus Westpreußen werden erfolglose Aufklärungsvorstöße der Sowjets gemeldet. Zwischen Neustettin und Könitz konnte der Gegner mit Infanterie und Panzern auf schmalem Raum unsere Sicherungslinie durchstoßen und nach Nordwesten Boden gewinnen. In der Tucheler Heide und westlich der unteren Weichsel zerschellten starke feindliche Angriffe.

An der Südfront in Ostpreußen wurden in schwerem Abwehrkampf die eigenen Stellungen behauptet.

In Samland haben Verbände des Heeres unter Führung des Generals der Infanterie Gollnick mit wirkungsvoller Unterstützung durch die Luftwaffe und Einheiten der Kriegsmarine in sechstägiger Angriffsschlacht starke Teile von zwei Sowjetarmeen geschlagen, den Gegner in entschlossenem und schwungvollem Angriff nach Nordosten zurückgeworfen und damit die unterbrochene See-, Straßen- und Bahnverbindung zur Festung Königsberg wiederhergestellt. Die blutigen Verluste der Bolschewisten betragen mehrere Tausend. 550 Gefangene wurden eingebracht, 59 Panzer, 490 Geschütze, 110 Granatwerfer sowie zahlreiche Handwaffen vernichtet oder erbeutet.

Südöstlich Libau scheiterten auch gestern die feindlichen Durchbruchsversuche an der Standhaftigkeit unserer bewährten Kurlanddivisionen.

Im Westen zerschlugen Artillerie und Werferfeuer starke Bereitstellungen des Feindes südöstlich Kleves. Im Raum um Goch haben unsere Truppen, bis zur Selbstaufopferung standhaltend, ihr Hauptkampffeld gegen den feindlichen Ansturm gehalten und 23 feindliche Panzer abgeschossen.

Die Schlacht an der Rur nimmt an Heftigkeit zu. Zwischen Linnich und Düren und besonders im Raum Jülich warfen die Amerikaner beträchtliche Panzerkräfte in die Schlacht. Unsere Verbände brachten den Feind vor unserer zweiten Stellung zum Stehen oder schlugen ihn in Gegenangriffen zurück. Im Raum von Jülich verloren die Amerikaner allein 14 Panzer.

Deutsche Kampfflugzeuge griffen mit guter Wirkung den feindlichen Nachschubverkehr an und fügten dem Gegner beträchtliche Verluste zu.

Östlich Neuerburg in der Eifel konnte der Feind mit zusammengefassten Kräften den Prüm­A0bschnitt an einzelnen Stellen überschreiten. Beiderseits Saarburg traten auf beiden Seiten neue Kräfte in die Schlacht. Erbitterte Kämpfe um mehrere Bunkergruppen sind hier im Gange.

Die Besatzung von Gironde-Nord meldet anhaltendes Artilleriefeuer, teilweise schweren Kalibers, und rege feindliche Spähtrupptätigkeit.

Kleinstunterseeboote versenkten vor der englischen Küste aus dem Themse-Schelde-Verkehr ein feindliches, mit Truppen beladenes Schiff von 5.000 BRT, einen großen Zerstörer sowie zwei Geleitfahrzeuge.

In Mittelitalien wurde auch gestern um den Monte della Torrazzo nordwestlich Poretta gekämpft. Erkundungsvorstöße der Briten am Senio-Abschnitt scheiterten in unserem Feuer im Gegenstoß.

In Kroatien lebte die feindliche Angriffstätigkeit im Großraum von Sarajewo in den letzten Tagen beträchtlich auf. In mehreren Abschnitten sind heftige Kämpfe gegen starke Bandenkräfte im Gange.

Anglo-amerikanische Terrorflieger warfen am gestrigen Tage Bomben auf München, Aschaffenburg und Linz sowie auf Orte in Westdeutschland und am Bodensee. Besonders in München entstanden neue schwere Schäden an Kulturdenkmälern. In der vergangenen Nacht flogen die Briten nach Mitteldeutschland ein. In erbitterten Luftkämpfen über dem westlichen Reichsgebiet wurden 23 feindliche Tiefflieger abgeschossen. Durch Flakartillerie der Luftwaffe und Nachtjäger verlor der Gegner weitere 28 Flugzeuge, fast ausschließlich, viermotorige Bomber.

image

In Westpreußen und Pommern hat sich die Sturmgeschützbrigade 190 unter Führung von Major Kröhne in ununterbrochenem Angriffs- und Abwehrkampf besonders bewährt. Die Brigade hat entscheidenden Anteil an der Abwehr feindlicher Panzerkräfte und schoss bei nur vier eigenen Verlusten innerhalb eines Monats 104 Panzer des Gegners ab.

Supreme HQ Allied Expeditionary Force (February 26, 1945)

FROM
(A) SHAEF MAIN

ORIGINATOR
PRD, Communique Section

DATE-TIME OF ORIGIN
261100A February

TO FOR ACTION
(1) AGWAR
(2) NAVY DEPARTMENT

TO (W) FOR INFORMATION (INFO)
(3) TAC HQ 12 ARMY GP
(4) MAIN 12 ARMY GP
(5) AIR STAFF
(6) ANCXF
(7) EXFOR MAIN
(8) EXFOR REAR
(9) DEFENSOR, OTTAWA
(10) CANADIAN C/S, OTTAWA
(11) WAR OFFICE
(12) ADMIRALTY
(13) AIR MINISTRY
(14) UNITED KINGDOM BASE
(15) SACSEA
(16) CMHQ (Pass to RCAF & RCN)
(17) COM ZONE
(18) SHAEF REAR
(19) SHAEF MAIN
(20) PRO, ROME
(21) HQ SIXTH ARMT GP
(REF NO.)
NONE

(CLASSIFICATION)
IN THE CLEAR

Communiqué No. 324

UNCLASSIFIED: Allied forces are now across the Roer River on a wide front and have continued to make good progress against moderate enemy resistance. North and northeast of Linich we have occupied Doveren, Lövenich and Ralshoven, and east of Jülich our units have cleared the Hambach Forest and have captured Steinstrass.

In the Düren area, the towns of Ellen, Merzenich, Binsfeld, Stockheim and Kreuzau have been captured. We repulsed a tank-supported counterattack near Ellen. The castle of Rath, between Ellen and Merzenich was captured and more than 250 prisoners were taken from the castle.

Northeast and east of Vianden we have taken Scheuern, Weidingen, Fischbach-Oberraden, Utscheid, Brimingen and Mettendorf.

Our forces have crossed the Prüm River in the area seven miles north of Echternach, and have pushed two miles northeast of the crossing point. The towns of Wettlingen and Holsthum have been captured and we are fighting in Peffingen.

In the Saarburg area, our units have extended their bridgehead to a width of four miles and a depth of two miles. Two counterattacks in this area have been repulsed. We have cut the main highway out of Saarburg at a point three and one-half miles east of the town.

In the Saarbrücken area, our elements on the east side of the Saar River in Germany cleared the remaining enemy from the Hinterwald, just east of Bübingen, after three enemy counterattacks were repulsed.

North of nearby Bliesransbach we wiped out a forty-man enemy patrol.

At Strasbourg, two attempted enemy raids on the Fort of Commerce were turned back. Farther south a group of prisoners were taken from a hostile force which crossed the Rhine at Marckolsheim.

Allied forces in the west captured 3,149 prisoners 23 February.

Medium and light bombers attacked the comunications centers of Uedem and Xanten. At Weeze, a formation of enemy tanks was successfully attacked and dispersed by rocket-firing fighters which also hit enemy troops and fortified buildings in the Uedem area. Other medium and light bombers struck at targets at Wegberg, north of Erkelenz and just east of Düren.

Enemy rail communications were again heavily attacked. Rail lines and rolling stock in Holland, eastward to north central Germany, and as far south as Pforzheim in the upper Rhineland were hit by fighters and fighter bombers. Communications centers in the region of Köln and rail bridges at Ahrweiler, south of Bonn and east of the Rhine at Cölbe and Niederscheid were attacked by medium and light bombers. Escorted heavy bombers in very great strength struck at rail yards at München, Aschaffenburg and Ulm. Other targets for heavy bombers were tank plants at Friedrichshafen and Aschaffenburg, air bases west of Nürnberg, and an oil storage depot at Neuburg.

The synthetic oil plant at Kamen, near Dortmund, was attacked by other escorted heavy bombers for the second consecutive day.

A large ammunition dump at Siegelbach, southeast of Heidelberg, and barracks and supply dumps at Donaueschingen were struck at by medium bombers.

During the day, 39 enemy aircraft were shot down and 20 others were destroyed on the ground. From incomplete reports, three medium and light bombers and 28 fighters are missing.

Last night, light bomber attacked the important communications center of Erfurt and bombed targets at Berlin. Other light bombers struck at rail targets in Holland and north of the Ruhr and objectives west of the Rhine from Emmerich to Cologne.

COORDINATED WITH: G-2, G-3 to C/S

THIS MESSAGE MAY BE SENT IN CLEAR BY ANY MEANS
/s/

Precedence
“OP” - AGWAR
“P” - Others

ORIGINATING DIVISION
PRD, Communique Section

NAME AND RANK TYPED. TEL. NO.
D. R. JORDAN, Lt Col FA4655

AUTHENTICATING SIGNATURE
/s/

U.S. Navy Department (February 26, 1945)

CINCPOA Communiqué No. 280

Elements of the 3rd Marine Division constituting the center of our lines on Iwo Island advanced about 400 yards through extremely heavy enemy defenses on February 26 (East Longitude Date) seized the high ground of the central plateau and by nightfall brought most of the island’s second airfield into our possession. Fighting along the entire line was very heavy with enemy resistance mounting before our attack throughout the day. Our troops were subjected to artillery and rocket fire and a very heavy volume of small arms fire during the advance. The 4th Marine Division on the east and the 5th Marine Division on the west advanced during the day, the 4th Division capturing a commanding hill near the east coast. The attack by our forces was supported by Marine artillery, naval gunfire, and carrier aircraft.

Mopping-up operations continued in the south, around Mount Suribachi. Little enemy fire fell on the interior of our beachhead during the day.

On February 26, our forces counted 3,568 enemy dead and 9 enemy prisoners in eight days of fighting on Iwo Island.

Marine observation planes, the first U.S. aircraft to land, began operating on the southern Iwo airstrip during the morning while restoration of the runways to operational condition continued.

Supplies and equipment were landed in increasing quantities as road and beach conditions continued to improve.

Carrier aircraft strafed targets in and around Chichi Jima in the Bonins burning one plane on the ground, sinking a small merchant vessel and burning two medium merchant ships. Oil storage facilities were destroyed.

Planes of the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing set a building supply dump and fuel storage area afire on Urukthapel in the Palaus on February 25.

Marine aircraft attacked targets on Yap in the western Carolines on the same date.

Army Thunderbolts strafed buildings and defenses on Pagan in the Marianas on February 26, starting two fires.

The Pittsburgh Press (February 26, 1945)

YANKS IN GUN RANGE OF COLOGNE
Tank columns also close on Duesseldorf

Americans 11½ miles from Rhine city

Berlin, Tokyo afire

500,000 firebombs hit German capital – 200 B-29s raid Japan

Marines clearing Iwo’s 2nd airfield

Savage fighting continues on island

GUAM (UP) – Shock troops of three Marine divisions were clearing the last few yards of Iwo’s central airfield today.

The battle-weary Marines seized all of the east-west runway and all but one third of the north-south runway of Motoyama Airfield No. 2 atop the central plateau yesterday.

Tanks and flamethrowers were again spearheading the attack, backed up by swarms of carrier planes and big Army Liberators. Fighting was savage, with many hand-to-hand combats reported.

Far from over

With the capture of Motoyama Airfield No. 2, the 3rd, 4th and 5th Marine Division will have all Iwo’s airstrips – within fighter-plane range of Tokyo – in their hands. Motoyama Airfield No. 1, farther south, fell to the Marines last week.

But the battle of Iwo was far from over. The Japs still hold Mt. Moto, a volcano dominating Northern Iwo, and a cluster of other peaks, all honeycombed with gun emplacements and defense tunnels from which they were raining shells and rockets on the American-held portion of the island.

May take weeks

U.S. Navy Secretary James V. Forrestal, who visited the beachhead four days after D-Day, told newsmen aboard Vice Adm. Richmond K. Turner’s flagship off the island that the cleanup would take many weeks.

Tokyo radio claimed today that Jap defenders on Mt. Suribachi counterattacked the Marines there and recaptured the summit.

Adm. Chester W. Nimitz reported in a communiqué yesterday that the number of Jap bodies counted had reached 2,827 by Sunday noon. Since the Japs usually recover most of their dead, the number of Japs killed actually may be nearer 6,000.

Japs killed 4 to 1

Mr. Forrestal said the Marines were killing four Japs for every American killed.

A Tokyo broadcast said U.S. casualties on Iwo had reached 22,000 – “three Marines a minute.” Tokyo also claimed that Jap planes had sunk an American submarine off Iwo.

A few Jap planes attacked U.S. forces on and around Iwo just before midnight Saturday, but caused no damage. Some of the raiders dropped their bombs on the Jap-held portion of Iwo.

Beach conditions on Iwo showed a “marked improvement,” Adm. Nimitz said, with supplies and reinforcements flowing ashore in a steady flood.

Army Liberators winged north of Iwo to bomb Chichi in the Bonin group Friday and Saturday.

UMW paves way for strike vote

Notice of ‘dispute’ given U.S. agencies

18-year-olds sent to front – Taft demands explanation

Young Cincinnati soldier killed in action about seven months after induction

I DARE SAY —
Bluebird at the window

By Florence Fisher Parry

Trolley strike hits Reading war workers

90,000 forced to seek other transportation

Perkins: British hope curfew’ll make U.S. realize there’s war on

Midnight closing order for America regarded as ‘mild’ by Englishmen
By Fred W. Perkins, Pittsburgh Press staff writer

18-29 deferments studied by WPB

Mrs. Roosevelt denies advocating birth control

First Lady says financial condition should be factor in size of family

WASHINGTON (UP) – Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt today encountered a barrage of press conference questions about whether she had advocated birth control, as charged by various Catholic spokesmen.

She insisted, however, that when she discussed family sizes at her press conference a week ago, “I did not mention birth control.” Instead, she added, she said then that if there were 12 children in a family, it was important for the family to have enough to feed the children properly and to give them decent living conditions.

The First Lady also pointed out today that her church – she is an Episcopalian – had “never taken a stand against people using common sense in determining the size of their families.”

Regarding the size of her own family, she said:

I happen to have had six children, but if I had had 12 or even 25 it would still have been all right because they would still have had enough to eat.

Five living

Five Roosevelt children are now living. One died very young.

Mrs. Roosevelt also said it is “important that the mother of the family be healthy.”

“I think that the Catholic Church agrees on that,” she added.

Asked about a tendency of rich families to have few children, she said:

Rich people have a tendency because of their material comforts to become selfish and selfish people don’t want to have children. There is a little difficulty involved in having children – after all, they just don’t drop from heaven.

Families closer together

Noting the prevalence of large families among people of poorer circumstances, Mrs. Roosevelt said difficulties often weld a family closer together and create less selfishness. And where there is less selfishness, she added, there is apt to be the desire for larger families.

“Outrageous” was her word for the practice of apartment houses and hotels to refuse to take children.

Trapped Japs inside Manila spurn surrender ultimatum

Yanks launch annihilation drive against enemy remnants in 3 government buildings

MANILA, Philippines (UP) – Trapped Jap bodies in Manila ignored a surrender ultimatum today.

U.S. troops immediately began an annihilation drive against the enemy remnants holding out in three government buildings.

The final assault on the last enemy pocket in the capital came as other U.S. forces pushed into the foothills of the Sierra Madres Mountains east of Manila in an attack on the 25-mile-long Kobayashi Line.

An estimated 1,000 fanatical Japs, believed commanded by Rear Adm. Iwabuchi, were lodged in the three buildings and faced certain doom.

Yanks guns open up

They had been given three choices in the ultimatum – suicide, a fight to death, or honorable surrender. Their only reply was sniper fire while the edict was being read over a loudspeaker.

When the deadline passed at daybreak, American guns opened fire and the troops prepared for an assault on the buildings to clean out the last resistance in Manila.

With the city virtually clear, other U.S. troops resumed their drive toward Luzon’s eastern coast with an offensive against the Kobayashi Line.

Near Los Banos

Units of the 1st Cavalry and 6th Infantry Divisions were attacking the Jap line from Taytay, two miles north of Laguna de Bay lakes to Norzagaray, 19 miles northeast of Manila.

At the same time, the 11th Airborne Division continued its rapid drive southward along the west coast of Laguna de Bay lakes and crossed the Juan River,15 miles below Muntinlupa. The thrust brought the airborne units within five miles of Los Banos, where another sensational liberation of Allied internees was carried out Friday.

A communiqué disclosed that the 33rd Infantry Division had joined the Luzon forces and was fighting in the hills north of Rosario, nine miles above San Fabian on the Lingayen Gulf.

Scattered Jap remnants continued to fight back on Corregidor as the Americans pushed down the tail of the salamander-shaped island.

War news costs lives on Iwo Island

Envelope of dispatch bloodstained

GUAM (UP) – The battle to get the war news back from bloody Iwo Island is a tough one too.

The hardships of civilian war correspondents, Marine combat correspondents, Navy, Marine and Army public relations personnel on Iwo were disclosed in a letter from United Press writer Mac Johnson, aboard an expeditionary flagship off Iwo.

The letter, dated February 23, said that the first story from Lisle Shoemaker, United Press writer on Iwo, arrived aboard ship “in a blood-saturated envelope.”

Holes in message

Mr. Johnson said:

It must have been the messenger that got it because there were holes in Lisle’s copy.

Press boats [to deliver copy from the beach to the flagship for transmission] have been wrecked, shot up and disabled. Sometimes when the press boat was available to go to the beach, the beachmaster wouldn’t let it in because of priority on ammunition, food and equipment in boats waiting to unload.

‘A rough campaign’

Many public relations officers, public relations helpers, and combat correspondents were wounded or killed.

Due to circumstances, there were no central gathering points for copy and the boats couldn’t make pickup schedules and many times they were able to meet schedules.

This has been a rough campaign.

Allies relax secret terms for Italians

Rome gets right to use code messages
By Reynolds Packard, United Press staff writer


More high ground captured in Italy

Soldier’s heart ‘peeled’ in 4½-hour operation

Surgeon holds organ in hand and removes layer of calcium

Arms to save lives requested

Forrestal describes fighting on Iwo

GUAM (UP) – Secretary of the Navy James E. Forrestal appealed to the American people at home today for more and more munitions to save the lives of their men fighting on the far-flung battlefronts of the world.

Just back from a tour of the American beachhead on bloody Iwo, where he saw the Stars and Stripes raised triumphantly, Mr. Forrestal made his appeal in a radio broadcast from Adm. Chester W. Nimitz’s Advanced Pacific Fleet Headquarters.

The Marines are fighting valiantly on Iwo and have exacted a four-to-one toll in death from the Japs, he said, but they need an increasing flow of munitions to maintain their fighting edge.

Bombed for 70 days

Mr. Forrestal explained how the tiny island, only 750 miles from Tokyo, was bombed for 70 successive days, shelled for three straight days by battleships, cruisers and destroyers, and hit intermittently by carrier planes.

The Secretary said:

Let me stress here that the tremendous storm of metal thrown on Iwo Jima sharpens again the necessity for the continued output of munitions in our plants at home.

Only because of that rain of metal could the island be reduced at all. Because of it, our ratio of losses is far less than it otherwise would have been.

As Fleet Adm. Nimitz has said, it is our policy in the Pacific to have an unstoppable edge of power in these attacks. A steamroller, as he puts it. That steamroller saves us many lives.

It will take the output, however, of many factories and hard work by all hands in these factories for months to come, if we are to keep that edge of power.

Describes scene

Mr. Forrestal said he was halfway to shore with Lt. Gen. Holland Smith when the Marines reached the top of Mt. Suribachi – a volcano with sides so precipitous they seemed almost vertical.

G.I. train looters may get clemency

Gen. Lear talks to convicted men


Warship saves fliers 25 miles from Tokyo Bay

Magic word ‘Americansky’ saves life of U.S. airman