America at war! (1941–) – Part 4

americavotes1944

Editorial: Only the people were right

While rival political leaders debate the blame for America’s relative unpreparedness when war came, there’s actually only one group in the United States which can point to its record on that score with justifiable pride.

And that group, strangely enough, is the plain people of the United States.

On the issue of preparedness, they were ahead of their leaders. The tragedy is that their will was thwarted by pressure blocs.

William A. Lydgate, editor of the American Institute of Public Opinion, has written an illuminating study of public opinion in the United States, a condensed version of which appears in the current Readers’ Digest. It’s worth examining.

It shows that as early as November 1936 – less than three years after Hitler came to power – a Gallup Poll revealed that seven out of every 10 Americans favored a bigger Army and Navy. The people were even further ahead of their leaders in appreciating the coming role of airpower, for eight out of 10 voted for a larger air force.

This sentiment increased sharply after the European war started in September 1939, 80 percent voting for a larger Army and Navy and 91 percent for a bigger air force.

Yet Congress, swayed by the noisy isolation blocs, voted money enough for only 59 airplanes in March 1940 – six months after the war had started – although the Army had sought appropriations for 1,200 new military planes.

Democrats blame this situation on Republican isolationists in Congress – and undoubtedly their responsibility was great – but the fact remains that the Roosevelt administration took no such lead in fighting for preparedness at that time as it now claims to have taken. It, after all, was the administration in power, claiming to exercise a popular mandate and backed by these expressions of public sentiment in unofficial polls.

The Republican isolationists then had powerful allies in the Communist and other left-wing groups which are today fighting for a fourth term – and the combination of those groups was more powerful than was public opinion. This might have been different had the administration actually exercised leadership in behalf of adequate preparedness.

The same survey of public opinion shows that three years before Pearl Harbor three voters out of every four voted in Gallup Polls for an embargo on the shipment of oil, scrap metal, gasoline and other war materials to Japan. But it was not until the summer of 1941 that the State Department arrived at the same position.

It is a matter of record that leaders in the steel industry were also crying out against the tremendous exports of scrap iron to Japan long before the Roosevelt administration took any steps to halt them.

The American people were more generally right than were their leaders – and it so happened that the Roosevelt administration was then in power. Without attempting any defense of the Republican isolationists, we wish to point out that the administration has no just basis for pride as regards its record in this preparedness matter.

Editorial: Still hunting, Mr. President?

americavotes1944

Editorial: The griping audience

Come campaign-time the politicians always seem intent on driving the radio audience to their opponents.

Even the worst features of radio, such as singing commercials, don’t seem so bad when compared with some of the punishment that the campaign broadcasters inflict on us.

We don’t refer to the principal speakers – such as Messrs. Dewey and Roosevelt or their outstanding supporters – but to those whom the local Democratic and Republican committees inflict on the unseen audience.

Unversed in radio speaking, reading a canned text prepared with the idea of compressing a maximum of bitterness and denunciation into a minimum of time, and often stumbling through their chores, these local political speakers are an abomination to the radio audience.

If the campaign committees that pay good money for this time were only to hear the griping that goes on in the average household as the family twists the dial in a vain effort to get some of their regular radio fare, we wonder if they wouldn’t wake up to the fact that you can’t win an audience by making it sore.

Edson: War prisoners’ families form next-of-kin clubs

By Peter Edson

Ferguson: Refugee

By Mrs. Walter Ferguson

americavotes1944

Background of news –
Late counting of soldier votes

By Bertram Benedict

Unless the presidential election of 1944 turns out to be one-sided, the result may be in doubt for some time after Election Day. That will be because in 11 states the ballots of servicemen and women will not be counted until after Nov. 7.

In Pennsylvania, whose 35 electoral votes might well be decisive in a close election, military ballots will not be counted until Nov. 22. In Nebraska, the count of absentee soldier ballots begins on Nov. 30; it may continue until Dec. 7.

The 11 states which will count absentee ballots after Nov. 7 are given below:

PROBABLY SAFE FOR ROOSEVELT:

State Electoral vote Counting date
California 25 Nov. 24
Florida 8 Nov. 7-17
Rhode Island 4 Dec. 5
Utah 4 Nov. 7-12
Washington 8 Nov. 13
49

PROBABLE SAFE FOR DEWEY:

Colorado 6 Nov. 22
Nebraska 6 Nov. 30
North Dakota 4 Nov. 22
16

IN DOUBT:

Delaware 3 Nov. 8
Missouri 15 Nov. 9
Pennsylvania 35 Nov. 22
53

This situation – in which some ballots in some states will be cast and counted after most states have finished voting – takes one back to the early days of the Republic, when states voted for President on different days.

34-day span permitted

By an act of 1792, Congress provided that the states might vote for President any time during the 34 days preceding the first Wednesday in December. This 34-day span was in effect for 14 presidential elections. On Jan. 23, 1845, Congress put on the statute books the law still in effect – that all states vote for President on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.

With states voting on different days, the result of a presidential election usually was known well before Election Day came around in those states which had set it toward the end of the permissible 34-day period. So, there was no point in those states voting.

In the 1840 election, when Harrison ran for the Whigs against Van Buren for the Democrats, the first states to vote were Ohio and Pennsylvania, on Oct. 30. They gave 51 electoral votes to Harrison.

With 148 electoral votes necessary to elect, the election was obviously in the bag for the Whigs. Harrison had 185 votes by Nov. 5, although more than one-fourth of the states were still to vote.

Methods differed, too

Different voting days were not the only complication in those early elections. There were also different methods of voting for President. In some states, the presidential electors were chosen by the legislatures (in the first election, no vote was cast for New York, because the two houses of the legislature could not agree). Other states had statewide popular elections. Others had popular elections by districts; some districts would go for one candidate, some for another.

Then there was often doubt about electors. In 1800, the Federalists thought they had reelected President John Adams, only to find that they were mistaken in counting upon the electors from South Carolina. And sometimes electors who were chosen did not show up in their state capitals to cast their votes.

Kirkpatrick: Soldiers sell Army gasoline to Parisians

Racket revealed by Stars and Stripes
By Helen Kirkpatrick

CIO steel union rejected 3rd time at Butler plant

Decisive defeat reverses trend shown in August when USWA lost by only five votes

Dorsey orchestra puts on great show

Jimmy’s sax solos highlight program packed with good entertainment
By Dick Fortune

Millett: Soldier son’s wife and his mom ‘get along’

Share same roof and benefit by being together for duration
By Ruth Millett

Scoring vs. defense –
Giant-Eagle tussle tops pro clashes

americavotes1944

Stokes: Henry Wallace

By Thomas L. Stokes

Railroad’s post-war program emphasizes comfort, economy and plenty of glamor

All types of coaches will be improved


Dykstra to head California school

Lousy little old company –
‘There ain’t any going back from this hill except dead’

‘I’ve taken this for 39 days and it stinks,’ the captain says as he bows head and sobs
By W. C. Heinz, North American Newspaper Alliance

Grew predicts peace offer soon by Japs

Warns Tokyo bid faces rejection


Bomb hits Yank on head and he is still grinning

americavotes1944

Waldman: Communist menace hides behind claim of numerical weakness

Movement dropped party identification rather than expose itself by registration
By Louis Waldman, written for the Scripps-Howard newspapers

EDITOR’S NOTE: Louis Waldman, for many years a leader in the Socialist movement, was one of the Socialist assemblymen expelled from the New York Legislature after the last war despite the backing of such eminent Americans as former Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes. Born in the Ukraine in 1892, he came to America in 1909, received an engineering degree at Cooper Union and later a law degree at New York University. He was New York state chairman of the Socialist Party and twice its candidate for the New York governorship. After leaving the Socialist Party, he helped found the American Labor Party. Attorney for labor unions, Mr. Waldman recently published his autobiography, Labor Lawyer.

New York –
“The Bolshevik bogey is a creation of Dr. Goebbels,” Earl Browder scoffs, assuring us that the American Communist Party has been dissolved and that the Communists no longer advocate revolutionary socialism – that, in fact, their influence is so slight that they cannot be considered a menace. Besides, they now lend their influence to the furtherance of “free enterprise.”

Why this sudden conversion and why the indulgence in self-ridicule? Well, to prove that the Communist issue in this campaign is spurious.

It has become customary, and even fashionable, in some liberal and labor circles, to denounce any criticism of totalitarian personalities and tendencies as “Red-baiting.” Further, ‘the idea that such an anti-democratic organization as the “numerically small” Communist Party can constitute a threat is laughed at. And to expose as Communist-controlled the various fronts through which they extend their influence, is damned as “playing into the hands of the reactionaries.”

Fraud on people

In my opinion, the question of the position and power of the Communists in America today is one of public welfare, not a question of partisan politics.

No greater fraud has ever been perpetrated on the American people than that of selling them the idea that the number of Communists is so small and their influence so slight as to be insignificant.

As evidence supporting their confession of weakness, the Communists and their apologists frequently point to the fact that in the New York State elections in 1942, their candidate for governor, Israel Amter, failed to get the 50,000 votes required by law to keep the name of the party on the ballot.

Feared registration

Is this portrait true end realistic? In 1938, Amter, as Communist candidate for Congressman-at-large, received well over 100,000 votes in the state. In 1941, the Communist, Peter Cacchione, was elected councilman from BrookIyn. His vote in that single borough was large enough to give the party legal standing were that vote recorded for their candidate for governor.

But they did not want to continue as an independent political party because that would have meant that the Communists, or, at least some of them, would have had to register. Registration leaves a record, and they want no record. Their identities were now to be concealed in order to hide their penetration into trade unions, into government, into high bureaucratic positions, into the American Labor Party, into the school system and into the various front organizations, including the CIO-Political Action Committee.

The Communist Political Association prefers to be the holding company of its many political, cultural and fraternal subsidiaries. By interlocking directorates and management arrangements through so-called “research” and other services, the holding company can wield control and shape policy, without tipping its hand.

Public entitled to facts

The American public is entitled, to know the facts about the Communist holding company, and the fronts created to attain power.

And is its influence insignificant when in the largest city in the country, the Communists control nearly one-fifth of the members of the city council?

In spite of Sidney Hillman’s denials, the Communists control the American Labor Party, which polled over 400,000 votes in New York State. Two hundred trade union leaders and liberals who know the makeup of this party because they were formerly in control of it, in a statement on March 29 last, declared:

It appears quite evident that the Browder-Marcantonio-Hillman vote in the primary equals the full Communist strength polled in former elections… The Communists have feverishly sought a new party front. With the aid of Mr. Hillman, they have it now in the captured American Labor Party. It is now the Communist-Labor Party.

Many unions captured

Many labor unions, national in scope, have been captured by the Communists, and they dominate a large number of locals within international unions not under their control.

The actual number of members of the Communist Party is no criterion of their future power. When the civil war began in Spain in 1936, there were far fewer Communists there than in the United States in 1944. But in one year of crisis, the Communists gained dominance over all the other parties in the Loyalist government. The tactic through which they achieved this power was the popular front.

That is not likely to happen in the United States – not yet – because our democratic traditions, our love of freedom, are too deeply rooted. But complacency has its price. The infiltration of Communists into our trade unions and into political and cultural organizations brings in its train an acceptance of a totalitarian way of thinking that is more alarming than their numerical growth.

Dangerous trends defended

We are urged to accept as “inevitable” certain trends and tendencies which, in the view of many honest liberals, are a threat to our American democracy and to our fundamental values:

  • The contempt for the parliamentary process of social change; the attack by impatient liberals on our “reactionary” Congress – elected by the people.

  • The easy acceptance of the “leadership principle” in all our institutions.

  • The alarming increase of government by executive order, by decree and directive.

  • The trend toward trial by administrative tribunals.

  • The vesting of wider and wider discretionary powers in administrative agencies and bureaus.

  • The gradual but continuing entrenchment of a bureaucratic elite heading an all-powerful state.

  • The complacency of liberals toward the use of the “emergency” legislative device, the appeal to panic, to fear, as a means of inducing acceptance of emergency measures.

  • The mislabeling of political and intellectual wares in the public marketplace of ideas: concealment. behind “democratic fronts,” of ideas and groups that are in essence totalitarian.

Threaten political setup

These trends, accelerated by the war, create a social “climate” alien to democracy in which totalitarian policies, tactics and organizations get themselves accepted and defended. Unless they are recognized for what they are, and checked or reversed, they will come to dominate the American political scene.

Domestic affairs are inseparable from foreign affairs. American Communists are interested mainly in foreign affairs. Their primary concern is not to fight for the interests of American labor, but for the national interests of Russia. The Communists hope that they can use their influence here for a more pro-Soviet foreign policy.

Roosevelt didn’t do this, but he should have.

What exactly? Free enterprise or destroying small business?

the small business Hitlerite has been the backbone of the American far right for as long as I can remember, also the economy of scale.

I disagree. Small businesses aren’t fronts for extremes. It only appears that way because big business makes it seem so.

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