America at war! (1941–) – Part 4

americavotes1944

Perkins: Republicans’ apathy costing them Negro vote, publisher says

GOP leaders warned to get on job or group will go 2–1 for Roosevelt
By Fred W. Perkins, Pittsburgh Press staff writer

Washington –
The Republican Party, with the best program on paper for the Negro people, is failing to drive its arguments home with the rank and file of colored voters in the key and doubtful states, according to one of their spokesmen here today.

Alexander Barnes, manager of the Washington Tribune, a Negro newspaper published here warned Republican leaders verbally and through his publication that unless more direct work is done with the mass of Negro voters, they “will go almost 2–1 for President Roosevelt.”

Describing himself as a Dewey supporter, this publisher said it was the general opinion among people who have studied political and economic conditions among Negroes that without a better Republican effort, the Negro votes in such cities as New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and Chicago may swing one or more of the doubtful states of New York, Pennsylvania and Illinois.

Dewey effort expected

The Washington publisher said that Governor Thomas E. Dewey has made only incidental references to the Negro subject so far but that there are reports the Republican nominee plans to go into it at more length before he ends his campaign.

Meanwhile, the CIO Political Action Committee is making a special point of registering Negro voters in the industrial sections, and much Democratic argument is being directed at them.

A survey just completed by a non-political agency shows that leading Negro newspapers among the more than 200 published in this country are almost evenly divided in their support of President Roosevelt or Governor Dewey.

Field workers bungling

Mr. Barnes said he had recently visited all the important centers of Negro population in the Northern industrial states, and reported “all is not well in the Republican ranks because of the alleged apathy and ineptness in the work among Negro voters.” and “that the bungling of the campaign stem: from the Negro brain-trusters working with the Republican National Committee.”

He pointed out, however, “that there is still time to let the Negro have the facts. Experienced campaigners can be put to work and a wavering Negro vote convinced that Dewey is the man. Thousands of party workers are willing to volunteer their services if the bigwigs will permit them to go to work in traditional Republican fashion.”

‘Tricks’ alarm Negroes

An editorial in the Washington Tribune stated that paper “has not yet decided which candidate it will urge its readers to support, but has become unduly alarmed at the strange tricks which are being played. The Democrats ditched Wallace, and then, from information received this week, the Republicans put two men in to woo the Negro vote who are cold, indifferent, unconcerned and even insolent, at times, when Negroes approach them about aiding in the election of their man.”

The “two men” were identified as Negro leaders with whom some others do not agree on campaign tactics.

The Tribune editor’s idea is that:

Mr. Dewey needs a campaign that is going to bring the issues down to earth. He needs a campaign that is going to let the Negro in the pool rooms, the beer gardens, the fields and the farms, and in the coal mines, know that he stands for justice for all men.

americavotes1944

Dewey called ‘just common politician’

‘Rabid isolationists’ assailed by Ickes

Newark, New Jersey (UP) –
Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes characterized Governor Thomas E. Dewey as a “machine politician of the common garden variety” last night and charged that the Republican presidential candidate proposes to take into the White House a collection of “rabid isolationists” to help write the peace.

In an address before an Independent Committee for Roosevelt rally, Mr. Ickes asserted that an “unspeakable rabble of isolationist and reactionaries” have climbed into Dewey’s “Trojan Horse” and that their influence would be felt if the Republican were elected.

He cited as Dewey supporters “Gerald L. K. Smith… America’s nearest replica of Adolf Hitler;” United Mine Workers chief John L. Lewis, “the only labor leader in the United States who has failed to set his face against wartime strikes,” and Rep. Hamilton Fish (R-NY), who Ickes denounced as an isolationist and labor baiter.”

‘Honesty’ questioned

Mr. Ickes challenged Governor Dewey’s personal honesty as well as his record of achievement. With regard to Governor Dewey’s speech at St. Louis the Interior Secretary said:

I am glad that Governor Dewey is going to follow me on the air. I understand that he proposes to talk about “honesty in government.” This will be a double adventure into the unknown for Mr. Dewey. He does not know anything about the government and judging by his campaign speeches, he is totally unfamiliar with honesty.

Contribution held ‘zero’

Mr. Ickes accused Governor Dewey of hindering, instead of helping, the war effort during the past three years.

He said:

I suggest to you that the humblest private on the field of battle has made a greater contribution [than Dewey].

The fact of the matter is that during the past three years of bitter warfare Mr. Dewey’s contribution to the prosecution of the war has been exactly zero.

Mr. Ickes said that Governor Dewey’s chief accomplishment during the campaign was the endorsement of “policies which President Roosevelt himself has advocated.”

americavotes1944

Bricker woos CIO, assails PAC –
U.S. ‘invasion’ of schools denounced by Bricker

Attempt to override state responsibility charged by vice-presidential nominee

With Bricker in California (UP) –
Ohio Governor John W. Bricker said at San Bernardino last night that federal “invasion” of state public schools was part of the national government’s attempt to override state responsibility.

Governor Bricker will speak tonight at San Diego.

The address will be on KQV at 11:00 p.m. ET.

The GOP vice-presidential nominee, decried the federal government’s failure to confine itself to “national interests.”

Earlier, Mr. Bricker told a Santa Barbara crowd that on Election Day many members of the Congress of Industrial Organizations would “smite down the brazen effrontery” of the Political Action Committee in trying to dictate how labor should vote. He drew a marked distinction between the CIO and the PAC and said he would welcome CIO support of Republican candidates.

PAC assailed

The CIO, he said, is “not a political organization at all.”

He said:

The PAC has tried to force into its ranks many members of the CIO. It has tried to force members to contribute to the fund that is being raised to finance the Democratic campaign.

In a direct bid for Western support, Governor Bricker said at Santa Ana, California, today that East Coast industry should not be permitted to “get the jump” on the West in post-war reconversion. He said, that reconversion, like the war itself, is the responsibility of the whole nation and must be undertaken on a coast-to-coast basis.

States’ rights

Reviewing the growth of the federal structure in his speech last night, Governor Bricker cited fields in which he said it had expanded “to an unprecedented extent.”

He said:

There has been a steady trend toward relaxing the principle that the federal government shall confine its activities to national interests, leaving to the states the conduct of local activities.

He added:

This expansion of federal activity into local affairs threatens the financial independence of local government and opens the door to political domination of them.

americavotes1944

Truman: Dewey avoids foreign issues

Stresses danger in shortsighted policies

Los Angeles, California –
Senator Harry S. Truman last night called Governor Thomas E. Dewey a “fence straddler” on foreign policy and said the election of a man like him in 1940 would have cost the lives of American soldiers because “we would have set our sights too low.”

In the first campaign speech of his present swing around the country, Mr. Truman attacked Mr. Dewey’s record at a Democratic rally in the Shrine Auditorium.

Mr. Truman, the Democratic nominee for Vice President, said the nation “took a chance on Harding in 1920” and could not “afford to repeat that mistake.”

Linked with isolationists

He said:

We must support the President. He demonstrated his leadership and courage in foreign affairs when his present opponent was flirting with the isolationists and currying the political support of the Hearsts and McCormicks [William Randolph Hearst and Robert R. McCormick, publishers].

…The Republican candidate has not repudiated them support – no, not even softly. Instead, he has joined them. Like Hearst and McCormick, he spends much of his time denouncing the Communists. And like Hearst and McCormick, he lumps all liberals in with the Communists.

Mr. Truman struck back at Mr. Dewey for quoting reports of the Senate Truman Committee in an effort to show that the war effort had not been properly administered. Mr. Truman said the committee criticized mistakes and never hesitated to lay blame where it belonged but that Mr. Dewey must have known that all committee members, including the Republican Senators, had praised the accomplishments of the war effort in all their annual reports.

Explains Pendergast connection

Asked about his association with the Pendergast machine in Kansas City, Mr. Truman replied that no candidate in Missouri could be elected without the support of that organization.

He said:

I didn’t ask them to support me. They supported me because I was a good vote getter.


New Dewey charges bring reply from White House

Washington –
The White House today replied to Governor Thomas E. Dewey’s latest charges against the administration by issuing another “analysis” of his statements together with “the facts.”

The new White House document dealt with charges voiced by the Republican presidential candidate at St. Louis last night.

The compilation took up Mr. Dewey’s use of a National Resources Planning Board report which Mr. Dewey quoted as saying that “delayed military demobilization has been strongly advocated” after the war.

“The facts” as released at the White House, showed the same passage from which Mr. Dewey took his statement also contained as a “definite recommendation” the following:

A general policy of speedy, but orderly and controlled, military demobilization should be adopted coupled with the use of all reasonable plans and measures to increase the employment available to those being demobilized.

The White House also took up this Dewey statement:

Here is a report from the July 30, 1943, issue of The United States News. It says… “In North Africa… field agents of a dozen agencies – the Treasury, BEW, Lend-Lease, State Department and others – are reported to have brought confusion to the brink of chaos.

The White House document:

The United States News is not an official publication. It is a private publishing venture, edited by Mr. David Lawrence.

americavotes1944

Jersey for Dewey, Roosevelt is told

Washington (UP) –
Charles Edison, former Democratic Governor of New Jersey, said after a conference with President Roosevelt today that he told the Chief Executive that “New Jersey would go for Thomas E. Dewey by a substantial majority.”

Mr. Edison, former Secretary of the Navy in this administration, said he thought the “influence” of Mayor Frank Hague of Jersey City, state Democratic leader, would “turn the vote for Dewey because there is a tremendous independent vote in New Jersey that is solidly against Hague.”

americavotes1944

Navy officer’s attorney asks brawl probe

AFL sends affidavits to Senate committee

Washington (UP) –
Thomas C. Bradley, attorney for the two naval officers involved in the “Battle of the Statler,” today called for a “full and complete open hearing” into the brawl that took place at the Statler Hotel after President Roosevelt’s address to the AFL Teamsters Union.

Mr. Bradley’s appeal came after Joseph A. Padway, general counsel for the AFL, said he had sent to a Senate investigating committee a dozen affidavits on the incident, including two charging that the two officers were guilty of unbecoming conduct prior to their battle with the union members.

Has faith in officers

Mr. Bradley said he had the “utmost faith” in the stories told by the two officers – LtCdr. James E. Suddeth and Lt. Randolph Dickins – and was convinced that the AFL affidavits were based on a case of “mistaken identity.”

Mr. Bradley said:

I now see no escape from a full, complete and open hearing by the Senate Campaign Expenditures Committee, with all witnesses being under oath and the truth of their statements subject to the penalties for perjury.

The committee will meet tomorrow to decide whether to expand its current “study” of the case into a formal investigation.

Vote question blamed

The two officers in their account of the incident contended that members of the union stopped them after Mr. Roosevelt’s address and demanded to know how they would vote. They said they declined to answer and that the subsequent exchange of words led to more violent forms of argument.

Commentator Drew Pearson reported in a Sunday night broadcast that two witnesses were ready to testify that the officers precipitated the brawl by making “unrepeatable” statements about the President.

americavotes1944

Rep. Luce: PAC striving to make ‘zombies’ of union men

GOP ‘glamor girl’ speaks at Syria Mosque; control of Democrats also called goal
By Kermit McFarland

It is the purpose of Sidney Hillman and his CIO Political Action Committee, in supporting the fourth term, to take over the Democratic Party and to make “political zombies” of the members of America’s labor unions, Clare Boothe Luce (R-CT) told a Republican rally in Syria Mosque last night.

Mrs. Luce, principal speaker at the second major Republican campaign meeting of the season, devoted her entire speech to an attack on the CIO Political Action Committee, which she described as a “political putsch on the American working man and woman.”

Warns of dire results

She said:

Under pressure from the Political Action Committee, the whole far-flung organization of the CIO has been forced to turn its locals in nearly every city, in every town, in every industrial village into cells to be put at the service of Mr. Hillman’s political high command.

She asked:

What is that going to mean, carried to its logical conclusion? It means that if Mr. Hillman wins in November, from there out no CIO working man’s or woman’s job will be safe unless he votes the way he is told by Mr. Hillman in any election, local or national.

For it is Mr. Hillman’s idea that the basic political unit isn’t an individual citizen, is not you and you and you. He holds that the basic political unit is a collective labor group, to be voted like heads of cattle, by orders from above, and without reference to the individual preferences at the members.

Mrs. Luce spoke to an overflow audience of 5,000 which jammed Syria Mosque and compelled the management to take down even the SRO signs. It was a far bigger crowd than heard Ohio Governor John W. Bricker, the Republican candidate for Vice President, who spoke in the same hall last month.

‘Monstrous idea’

The slight lads from Connecticut, prim and precise as she stood before the microphones, described the Political Action Committee as a “monstrous idea by every traditional American standard of freedom or democracy.”

She said:

It stems from the philosophy of Herr Karl Marx, the German father of Russian Communism. In this new interpretation of the Hillmanites and their Communist cohorts. however, this Political Action Committee plot is a dish no real American can stomach. I say it is Nazi German sauerkraut with Russian dressing.

And yet without the support, the active vociferous tireless support of this Communist-dominated PAC today, not one single political analyst in the country believes that Mr. Roosevelt can be reelected for a 16-year term in office.

Martin speaks

Mrs. Luce was preceded on the platform by Governor Edward Martin, who had escorted her to the hall. Mr. Martin, before introducing the flaxen-haired Republican “glamor girl,” briefly scored the proposal of a group of Democratic U.S. Senators who propose to shift industry to the South and West by government decree.

The Governor said:

No part of this nation is more concerned… than the Pittsburgh district.

This would mean the death to many of your industries and would destroy the wellbeing of our working people. We will fight this sectional discrimination to the bitter end.

During the war years, the income increase in Pennsylvania has fallen far below the national average and far below that of many other states.

If the McCarran plan should be carried out, this situation would be further aggravated. All of us – labor, agriculture, industry and government – must unite to defeat this dangerous plan to cripple our industry and our state.

Dewey speech tuned in

After Mrs. Luce’s address which took a half hour, the Republican management tuned in Governor Thomas E. Dewey’s speech from St. Louis.

When Mrs. Luce finished, the crowd started moving out. At first, there were dozens to take the seats of the departing. But before the presidential candidate had completed his radio speech, empty seats began to show in the great auditorium.

Meanwhile, Mrs. Luce, accompanied by the Governor had buried to a downstairs hall to greet the overflow arenes which presumably occupied it. But the audience down there was scanty and she and the Governor beat a hasty retreat back up the stairs.

However, the hallways, stairways and the outside sidewalks were jammed with people seeking a glimpse of the demure-looking lady of the bristling speeches.

Colorful ceremony

At the conclusion of the Governor’s speech, a great backdrop was raised and behind it stood four long lines of troops, brought in by the Governor. Then, while a chaplain spoke briefly and a trumpet blew taps for the 7,500 Pennsylvanians who have lost their lives in the war, a giant American flag was lowered slowly in the background.

Mrs. Luce entered sedately from side stage and shook hands before the microphones with Governor Martin.

She wore a black suit and a ruffled American Beauty shade blouse, set off by a single American Beauty rosebud a favorite with her. Her high-heeled suede shoes were toeless and heel-less. She wore no hat, and her hairdo was described as “simple and severe.”

PAC called a ‘plot’

Her delicately flashy earrings were matched by a costume pin on her dress.

All this may not be a part of political reporting, but every woman in the audience noted these items and commented on them.

Mrs. Luce’s speech, delivered with less fire and punch than some of her previous oratory, described the Political Action Committee as a “plot.” but she said it was “equally accurate to describe it as an accident, a major political accident which has befallen the Democratic Party, and with it the whole labor movement in America.”

She said:

It befell as a result of Mr. Roosevelt’s vacillating, unstable and confused labor policies all during his last term, and his increasing inability to chart any coherent domestic course, either for his own party or for the working people of this nation.

Farley praised

When the President “dropped” James A. Farley, former Democratic National Chairman, she said, “the regular Democratic organization lost its ablest organizer.”

She went on:

Today, engaged in a desperate rearguard fight for the Presidency, Mr. Roosevelt cannot be choosey about where he gets help. So, holding his nose and closing his eyes no doubt, he is taking plenty of it from the Communists and fellow travelers.

His enemies in 1940 are today his last great vocal supporters. In 1940, the Communists in America were against the President because at that time only America was in danger from Hitler. Soviet Russia seemed safe. Soviet Russia was Hitler’s ally.

But when Soviet Russia was attacked, the American Communists abruptly altered their whole position. Today they are for the President for two reasons. First, because Russia came into the war, and secondly, because they see a way of exchanging their support at the polls for the right to take over the whole CIO union today, and tomorrow the whole union movement and the Democratic Party.

Requotes Governor Dewey

Mrs. Luce requoted Governor Dewey’s recent speech in which he said:

The indispensable man is only indispensable to those who plan to control the destinies of the United States – to Hopkins, and Hague, and Hillman – to Earl Browder.

She said:

And, as a woman, I would like to add, indispensable to Mrs. Earl Browder, the Communist librarian who has helped the cause so dear to her brain, slavishly and fanatically, during her 11 years of unlawful residence in our country.

Oh, yes, Mr. Dewey’s opponent is indeed dispensable to the Communist-controlled Political Action Committee. For only if he succeeds in reelection can they succeed. And then they will take over his ancient policy of “divide and rule.” And when they take him over, you will see the beginning of the end of the American labor movement. For whoever divides the house of labor against itself can rule the working man of America forever.

Malone speaks

Republican County Chairman James F. Malone accused the Political Action Committee of going into “the numbers racket to raise money for the campaign.”

He held in his hand a lottery ticket he said was sponsored by Local 21, “FGCSSW of A,” which he said sold for $1 and gave the winner $650. The drawing, he said, is scheduled for Nov. 1 on the New York Stock Exchange number, commonly used for payoffs by the numbers racket.

americavotes1944

Editorial: The Commies reform – oh yeah?

Until the fateful day of June 22, 1941, when Hitler attacked Russia, American Communists were busily engaged in what reasonable men might now regard as treason – except that they were usually careful to keep within the letter of the law – within the protection of the civil-liberty guarantee so dear to this country and so alien to the country of their preference.

Have the Communists changed?

Does the leopard change its spots?

Immediately after that June 22, the same Commies who had been screaming to high heaven about the imperialistic war, and about the evil designs of Mr. Roosevelt to help out England at the expense of Russia’s dear ally Hitler, began to shoot off their mouths about the urgency of all-out aid to Germany’s enemies. No more peace picketing of the White House, no more Commie-fomented strikes at war plants.

Eventually the Communist Party of America was formally “dissolved,” to be succeeded by the Communist Political Association or some such thing.

Does a rose by any other name smell differently?

Today the Commies are openly supporting Mr. Roosevelt, to his political embarrassment. He disavows their help. but he welcomes that of Sidney Hillman, whose Political Action Committee is crawling with Commies and fellow travelers.

Do they expect political rewards if Mr. Roosevelt wins? The question answers itself.

It seems to us that the seriousness of the American Communists’ revolutionary intentions has been dulled, in the consciousness of many, by their hypocritical pretenses of the last year or two.

Perhaps a reminder is needed.

So, we commend to our readers a series of articles by Frederick Woltman on this subject.

americavotes1944

Editorial: Does he run foreign affairs like the home front?

Of all the muddy arguments in this campaign, we think the phoniest is the line that although Mr. Roosevelt’s administration is inept, confused and bankrupt on the home front, nevertheless the President is touched by some kind of magic in the conduct of foreign affairs.

Is Mr. Roosevelt a different man when he deals with foreign governments? Is he any more adept in formulating and executing a foreign policy than in devising and carrying out domestic policy? If so, why, and how? He’s the same fellow, whether butting into the business of the Secretary of State or meddling with what should be in the domain of the Secretary of Labor.

After all, doesn’t that line of “reasoning” stem from wish thinking? They really don’t know what Mr. Roosevelt is doing in the foreign field. They don’t know what commitments he made at Casablanca, Cairo, Tehran and Québec. They merely hope for the best and assume that he’s in control of the situation.

So, we’re glad Governor Dewey has taken hold of that shaggy myth and nailed it to the barn door – as he did last night in St. Louis:

Let me ask you: Can an administration which is so disunited and unsuccessful at home be any better abroad? Can an administration which is filled with quarreling and backbiting where we can see it be any better abroad where we cannot see it? Well, the answer to that seeps through even the thick wall of censorship.

And he went on to relate how the cat-and-dog fight between Vice President Wallace and Commerce Secretary Jones was reflected by competing foreign agents of our government mixing into the interdepartmental rows of the Brazilian government.

How New Deal Senator Russell of Georgia, after an overseas inspection, reported:

Our civil agencies abroad are numerous, but too often they are either working at cross purposes or, worse to relate, in some cases have no apparent purpose.

And how, all over the world, in addition to the State Department, our government is represented by such agencies as:

The FEA, RFC, WPA, OCIAA, OSS, OWI, WSA, WRB, OAPC, OC, OWM, PWRCB, OFAR, FRC, and the ACPSAHMWA.

Mr. Dewey has done well in pointing out that other people see our government through the same kind of alphabetical haze that fogs up the domestic scene.

It’s true across the waters, as well as on this side, that “Mr. Roosevelt gives two men the same powers and then turns them loose to fight about it.”

It’s true over there as well as over here, that his is an administration of “little men rattling around in big jobs.”

Abroad, as at home, he has “the most spectacular collection of incompetent people who ever held public office.”

Mr. Dewey’s St. Louis speech is one of the best he has made. Another thing he talked about was the “Hershey incident” – the rash statement of the Selective Service director that it would be about as cheap to keep people in the Army after peace comes as to “create an agency for them when they are out.”

The White House belatedly sought to repudiate Gen. Hershey’s views, and the general himself publicly ate crow, explaining that he is a Republican and anyway was expressing only his personal views – though why the director of Selective Service should select a press conference for an exposition of his purely private views is not apparent.

In any event, Governor Dewey revealed that the Hershey boner was practically copied from a report of a presidential committee headed by the President’s own uncle, Frederick A. Delano. This committee – “The Conference on Post-War Readjustment of Civilian and Military Personnel” – reported to Mr. Roosevelt:

Rapid demobilization might throw into the labor market large numbers of men just at the time when the industries might be least able to absorb them. It might create unemployment and depression. Those in the services will constitute the only large group of persons ever whom the nation could, in the event of economic crisis, exercise any degree of direct control.

The economic and social costs of retaining men in the services would be less than those involved in dealing with an unemployment depression through a civilian relief…

So, it appears, Gen. Hershey was not quite the bull-in-the-china-shop he had been made to appear.

Of course, it can be pointed out that Mr. Roosevelt does not automatically become the sponsor of every recommendation made to him by every committee he appoints. It may be that the President is completely out of sympathy with the callous proposal that veterans be kept in barracks because this would cost less.

But there is something about this pat, glib proposition that is characteristic of the New Deal as we have come in later years to know it – the papa-knows-best stuff, the increasingly authoritarian tone of the administration, the drift away from the President’s original preoccupation with human values. This is just the sort of thing toward which the tendencies of the New Deal’s arrogantly paternalistic planners have been pointing for a long time.

americavotes1944

Edson: …But they didn’t keep the foreign issue out of it

By Peter Edson

Washington –
So foreign policy was going to be kept out of politics. So, the matter of the proposed United Nations organization to maintain peace and security wasn’t going to be dragged into the presidential campaign as a major issue. So President Roosevelt accepts an invitation to address the Foreign Policy Association’s annual dinner in New York Oct. 21.

And what do you suppose he’ll talk on – Fala’s pedigree? With the President himself thus poaching on the foreign policy issue, it becomes open season for shooting at this sacred cow.

The tactical question posed for Candidate Dewey is whether to wait till the President has emptied both barrels, or to blaze away first himself.

If Mr. Dewey adopts the latter course, he can again put the President on the defensive. But as a matter of record, Mr. Dewey has already sounded off on this question, taking the initiative on Aug. 16 in a statement criticizing the various proposals of the Dumbarton Oaks Conference as world domination by the Big Four, as “imperialism which would coerce smaller nations… cynical power politics… an immoral military alliance.”

At that time Mr. Dewey had not seen any of the drafts submitted at Dumbarton Oaks and frankly, he was shooting in the dark.

Secretary of State Cordell Hull was quick to point out that Mr. Dewey had mussed the target. But to correct his sights and put him back on the mark, Mr. Hull invited Mr. Dewey to discuss post-war security plans, and Mr. Dewey sent John Foster Dulles to confer.

‘Understanding’

They held three meetings and in a joint statement at their conclusion, Mr. Hull stated his belief that the American people considered the subject of future peace “a nonpartisan subject which must be kept entirely out of politics.”

Mr. Dulles said Governor Dewey shared this view, but in the understanding which made it no understanding at all was Mr. Dulles’ statement that treating it as a nonpartisan subject “did not preclude full public nonpartisan discussion of the means of attaining a lasting peace.”

In other words, Mr. Dewey and Mr. Dulles were leaving the gates for future discussion slightly ajar.

Mr. Dewey then kicked them wide open in his speech on foreign policy delivered at Louisville Sept. 9:

“I believe that the organization of peace is a subject which should be talked about earnestly, widely and publicly,” he said, adding that he would insist that the American people should be fully informed on our efforts to achieve the peace, and that these matters should never be a subject for partisan political advantage by any individual or by any party in or out of power,

Nearly all the remainder of Mr. Dewey’s foreign policy speech was practically another endorsement of everything the Roosevelt administration has already announced as its post-war foreign policy – punishment of war criminals, complete disarmament of Germany and Japan, close cooperation of the four great powers, creation of a security organization with a world court, an assembly of sovereign nations and a small council empowered to use force and economic sanctions to maintain peace.

Heard it again

In a nutshell, this last is the plan announced at Dumbarton Oaks.

The conclusion of Mr. Dewey’s foreign policy speech and its only criticism of the Roosevelt foreign policy was a vague sort of warning against the Washington wasters who believed that America was old, and who proposed “to buy international goodwill with the contents of American pocketbooks and set up an international WPA.”

This criticism was never amplified and that was the last word heard out of Governor Dewey on foreign policy till he tried to adopt Cordell Hull for his administration and got promptly sat on by the tall Tennessean.

As far as the record goes, however, it can be seen that Mr. Dewey has not kept the question of the peacetime foreign policy out of the campaign and on that ground, Mr. Roosevelt may be entitled to his say-so come Oct. 21.

And from now on, as says Senator Tom Connally, chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, campaign discussion of the peace issue is unavoidable. Senator Connally himself is going to make three speeches about it.

Kirkpatrick: Chance good for defeat of Nazis in 1944

Germany faces loss of 2,250,000 men
By Helen Kirkpatrick

Paris, France –
There is still a better than even chance that Germany will be defeated before the end of this year, or at least that all organized resistance by the German Army will have been overcome in that time.

According to German estimates, some 800,000 Nazi troops have been killed, wounded or captured in France since our landing June 6. But overall, the Germans must reckon with a loss of 2,250,000 men removed as effective soldiers from the defense of the Reich.

Many troops cut off

In addition to the 800,000 figure of casualties and prisoners, many thousands of Wehrmacht fighters are pinned down in French ports. There are another 150,000 in Norway and Denmark, which the Germans seem ready to write off. There are 100,000 cut off in Finland, 150,000 in the Mumel–Riga area cut off by the Russians, and 150,000 in the Balkans, unable to retreat into Germany.

The Germans have lost the effective use of some 30 divisions of Hungarian and Bulgarian shock troops. They have about 300,000 men tied up in Italy.

Red threat from south

The Russian drive through Hungary threatens southern Germany as the Allied troops on the Western Front constitute a grave menace to Germany’s industry in the Ruhr and Rhineland. Vienna has been converted into one of the principal centers of German war industry since Allied Air Forces started ranging across Europe. With the Russians at the gates of Budapest, Vienna is only 120 miles away up the Danube Valley.

Once the Russian advance up the Danube begins, Germany risks being cut in two from both east and west. It may be presumed that an Allied breakthrough on the Western Front will be attempted. If it comes in the north, across the Dutch border, the Allies will enter the heart of the industrial Ruhr. If it comes in the 1st Army area, a foothold on the eastern bank of the Rhine will be established, if it comes in the Belfort region, the Americans could join up with the Russians driving from Vienna and cut off Württemberg and Bavaria.

Face trap in Italy

Once the Russians have reached Vienna, they will have outflanked the Brenner Pass and taken the first step toward encirclement of the Germans in northern Italy.

According to “Gen. Hoffman” of the “German Freedom Radio,” there is nothing between the Rhine defenses and Berlin save Götterdämmerung Divisions – the equivalent of the British Home Guard. These divisions are made up of teenage boys and old men, equipped with spades and shovels.

Spades against artillery

He asked the Germans last night:

How? Do you expect to defend the Fatherland with spades against American artillery?

There are numerous factors which enter into the picture – the weather and the long supply lines on both the Eastern and Western Fronts and these may prolong the campaign through the winter, but if the Allies in the west are as successful in breaking through the outer crust of the German defense to the eastern bank of the Rhine, as the Russians have been in the east. Germany may well be defeated by the end of the year.

Address by President Roosevelt on the National War Fund Drive
October 17, 1944, 10:30 p.m. EWT

fdr.1944

Broadcast audio:

My friends:

Once again, I come to you on behalf of your community war fund, united with the National War Fund in a common federated appeal for us and for our allies.

This year, more than ever, we need the friendly aid and assistance of all these great humanitarian agencies for our fighting forces, for the long-suffering peoples of the United Nations, and for those in need among our neighbors here at home. These united services can bring us one step further in our fight for decency, humanity, and good will towards men.

Through a single gift to this united appeal, we are able to extend the hand of friendship to millions of people at home and around the world – to perform millions of acts of kindness.

Through this one gift we show the warmth of our affection for our men and women in uniform by providing them with the home comforts and the conveniences of the USO – and, to those whose service has been fulfilled, a friendly hand in getting adjusted to civilian life all over again. Through USO Camp Shows, one of the great institutions of this war, we bring the spirit-refreshing tonic of good American entertainment to every camp, every military hospital, and every fighting front.

Through this same gift we also support United Seamen’s Service, providing rest and relaxation for our merchant seamen, the men who are bringing the convoys through.

And we help to keep up the spirits of the homesick and heartsick prisoners of war – with the music, and the books, the sports and games provided by War Prisoners Aid.

It is through this gift that we send a token of our own personal friendship to the tragic victims of brute slavery and to those who have so long borne the burden of fighting this war – the hungry, the sick, and the homeless peoples of China, Russia, Britain, Belgium, France, Greece, Norway, Poland, The Netherlands, the Philippines, and other friends and neighbors in the community of nations. This personal gift made by you, this token of sympathy and appreciation, is much more than the mere monetary assistance.

The great warmhearted good will that you have expressed through these funds has helped immeasurably to revive the spirit of faith and hope in many lands across the seas – and in many homes back here – where there has been bitterness and hatred after years of war and oppression.

Wherever our boys in the services go, they are welcomed not only as liberators but as good friends. Wherever they go, their presence spells “America,” and that is a word now more beloved, I think, by more millions of people throughout the world than ever before in all our history.

And finally, through this united gift, we contribute to the important wartime job at home of taking good care of our children and our young people – giving a helping hand to our neighbor down the street – maintaining standards of welfare worthy of the great efforts of our fighting forces.

This gift of friendship – this participation in our community war appeal – is one war job we are not compelled to do, but it is one that we all willingly wish to do. This is typical of democracy at its best.

In these days, as we begin to see the approach of victory, it may seem more of a burden to us to measure up to our war jobs and responsibilities. Our gift to our community war fund is one way to show that there is no letdown in the spirit and the unity of this country. This gift, this expression of our own free will, speaks from the heart of the nation.

Because of this, I know that this appeal will be met gladly and generously. I know that it will reaffirm our concern for our own and for our allies.

We cannot let them down now! I know that we will keep faith with them, as they are keeping it with us, until their job is done. I know that we will all have a great sense of pride on that glad day of their return – which we are trying to make as speedy as possible – when they shake us by the hand and say, “Thanks for helping, friend. In many ways, it meant a lot to us out there!”

And so, I ask your support in a big way – a way that will count.

Völkischer Beobachter (October 18, 1944)

Kampfbilder aus der Eifel

Zur Umkehr gezwungen –
Der misslungene US-Angriff auf Taiwan

Terrorangriff auf Wien

In den gestrigen Mittagsstunden erfolgte ein Terrorangriff amerikanischer Bombenflugzeuge auf das Stadtgebiet Wien. Es entstanden Personenverluste und Sachschäden, vor allem in Wohnvierteln. Eine Anzahl von feindlichen Flugzeugen wurde abgeschossen.

Führer HQ (October 18, 1944)

Kommuniqué des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht

An der Scheldemündung wird erbittert um Jeden Fußbreit Boden gerungen. Östlich Helmond traten die Engländer mit starken Kräften und Bomberunterstützung zum Angriff an. Unsere Truppen fingen die feindlichen Angriffe auf und gewannen vorübergehend verlorengegangenes Gelände zurück. Der Feind hatte schwere blutige Verluste und verlor 47 Panzer.

In der Materialschlacht um Aachen gelang es den überlegenen amerikanischen und englischen Infanterie- und Panzertruppen nach 15tägigem blutigem Ringen ihre Umfassungsflügel südwestlich Würselen zu vereinigen und von Südosten her an den Stadtrand vorzudringen. Der erbitterte Kampf geht weiter.

Verstärkte Angriffe der Nordamerikaner östlich Épinal und südöstlich Remiremont blieben ohne größeren Erfolg.

London lag auch gestern unter dem Störungsfeuer der „V1.“

Südlich Bologna wiesen unsere Truppen auch gestern schwerste Angriffe ab, die der Feind in einigen Abschnitten trotz seiner hohen Verluste bis zu neunmal wiederholte. Auch im Raum von Cesena rannte der Feind vergeblich gegen unsere Stellungen an.

Auf dem Balkan sind westlich Krusevac eigene Gegenangriffe in gutem Fortschreiten. Im Innern der Stadt Belgrad, das von Banden und Bolschewisten gesäubert wurde, herrscht Ruhe.

Im Kampfraum südwestlich und südöstlich Debrecen wurden starke bolschewistische Angriffe mit Unterstützung unserer Schlachtflieger nach harten Kämpfen abgeschlagen. Unsere Truppen setzten sich zur Frontverkürzung zwischen Trestenburg und dem Südteil der Waldkarpaten befehlsgemäß nach Nordwesten vom Feind ab. Im Czirokatal und Duklapass scheiterten alle Angriffe der Bolschewisten, die sie mit verstärkten Kräften führten.

Nach ihren vergeblichen Durchbruchsversuchen im Mittelabschnitt der Ostfront führten die Sowjets gestern nur schwächere Angriffe bei Rozan.

An der ostpreußischen Grenze dehnte der Feind seine Angriffsfront von Kalvarja und Schirwindt nach Süden aus und setzte seinen Großangriff unter starken Panzer- und Schlachtfliegereinsatz fort. In erbitterten Kämpfen wurde er unter Abschuß von 41 Panzern aufgefangen. Wir ballen fiel nach zäher Verteidigung in die Hand des Feindes.

Gegenangriffe unserer Panzer warfen die angreifenden Bolschewisten in Kurland an den Einbruchsstellen des Vortages zurück. 29 feindliche Panzer wurden vernichtet. Damit verlor der Feind im baltischen Raum vom 1. Bis 16. Oktober 558 Panzer.

In Mittelfinnland erreichen unsere Truppen trotz schlechter Straßenverhältnisse und trotz ständigen Nachdrängens der Finnen ihre täglichen Marschziele. Unsere an der Eismeerfront kämpfenden Gebirgsjäger haben die großangelegten bolschewistischen Umfassungsversuche in harten Kämpfen zerschlagen.

An den beiden letzten Tagen verloren die Sowjets 180 Flugzeuge, davon 156 in Luftkämpfen, die übrigen durch Flakartillerie der Luftwaffe sowie durch Sicherungsfahrzeuge der Kriegsmarine und Marineflakartillerie.

Nordamerikanische Terrorflieger griffen Köln, Wien und oberschlesisches Gebiet an. Flakartillerie der Luftwaffe schoss hierbei 34 Flugzeuge, fast ausschließlich viermotorige Bomber, ab.


Generalleutnant Chill, Kommandeur der 85. Infanteriedivision, hat östlich Antwerpen mit einer Anzahl aus eigenem Entschluss zusammengeraffter kleinerer Verbände den Engländern den Stoß auf den Albertkanal verwehrt und in den darauffolgenden schweren Kämpfen mit diesem Verband den vielfach überlegenen Feind immer wieder zurückgeschlagen.

Die 10. Kompanie des 4. SS-Panzergrenadierregiments „Der Führer“ hat sich Mitte September unmittelbar nach dem Beziehen des Westwalls mit fanatischer Entschlossenheit gegen eine vielfache feindliche Übermacht, vor allem an Panzern, ohne eigene schwere Waffen und ohne Artillerie verteidigt und die ihr anvertraute Stellung bis zum letzten Atemzug aller Männer gehalten.

Eine im Abschnitt der 715. Infanteriedivision eingesetzte Bersaglierikompanie hat sich erneut durch besondere Tapferkeit hervorgetan.

Supreme HQ Allied Expeditionary Force (October 18, 1944)

FROM
(A) SHAEF FORWARD

ORIGINATOR
PRD, Communique Section

DATE-TIME OF ORIGIN
181100A October

TO FOR ACTION
(1) AGWAR (Pass to WND)

TO (W) FOR INFORMATION (INFO)
(2) FIRST US ARMY GP
(3) ADV HQ 12 ARMY GP
(4) FWD ECH (MAIN) 12 ARMY GP
(5) AEAF
(6) ANCXF
(7) EXFOR MAIN
(8) EXFOR REAR
(9) DEFENSOR, OTTAWA
(10) CANADIAN C/S, OTTAWA
(11) WAR OFFICE
(12) ADMIRALTY
(13) AIR MINISTRY
(14) ETOUSA
(15) SACSEA
(16) CMHQ (Pass to RCAF & RCN)
(17) COM Z APO 871
(18) SHAEF MAIN
(REF NO.)
NONE

(CLASSIFICATION)
IN THE CLEAR

Communiqué No. 193

In the Scheldt pocket, Allied units have reached the area of IJzendijke. North of the town we advanced westward about a mile. Good progress also was made further south.

Fighter-bombers gave support to our ground forces which repulsed counterattacks against the neck of the South Beveland Peninsula. Escorted heavy bombers, none of which is missing, attacked the sea dyke at Westkapelle on the island of Walcheren.

In the Breskens sector, supply dumps, strongpoints, and road transport were hit by fighter-bombers. Our forces have reached the outskirts of Venray, where heavy fighting continues.

In another thrust to the southwest our units have crossed the Venray–Deurne road. Rail targets were hit over a wide area in Holland and western Germany by fighter-bombers.

Attacks were made in the area of Venlo and Kempen, east of the Dutch salient, at Neuss near Düsseldorf, Bad Kreuznach, Bellheim and Rheinzabern in the Rhineland and at Münster. Our units are mopping-up northeast of Aachen and are maintaining lines completely encircling the city where house-to-house fighting continues.

Northwest of Aachen we have mopped-up segments of the Siegfried Line. Light bombers, without loss, attacked a railway bridge at Euskirchen.

In the Moselle River Valley, fighting continues in the Maizières-lès-Metz. Military targets at Köln were attacked in daylight by more than 1300 heavy bombers, escorted by 800 fighters. Thirteen bombers and three fighters are missing.

In the Vosges foothills, despite stubborn resistance and strong enemy counterattacks in several areas, our troops made substantial advances just south of the road junction at Bruyères, and northeast of Le Thillot. Hard fighting continues in both of these areas. The village of Laval near Bruyères, was taken. Counterattacks were repulsed in the Lunéville–Épinal sector.

COORDINATED WITH: G-2, G-3 to C/S

THIS MESSAGE MAY BE SENT IN CLEAR BY ANY MEANS
/s/

Precedence
“OP” - AGWAR
“P” - Others

ORIGINATING DIVISION
PRD, Communique Section

NAME AND RANK TYPED. TEL. NO.
D. R. JORDAN, Lt Col FA Ext. 9

AUTHENTICATING SIGNATURE
/s/

U.S. Navy Department (October 18, 1944)

Communiqué No. 548

Pacific and Far East.
U.S. submarines have reported the sinking of 32 vessels, including seven combatant ships and one naval auxiliary, as a result of operations against the enemy in these waters, as follows:

  • 3 destroyers
  • 1 minelayer
  • 3 escort vessels
  • 1 large cargo transport
  • 3 medium cargo transports
  • 1 medium tanker
  • 1 medium naval auxiliary
  • 12 medium cargo vessels
  • 3 small cargo transports
  • 4 small cargo vessels

These actions have not been announced in any previous Navy Department communiqué.


CINCPAC Communiqué No. 159

Carrier aircraft of the Pacific Fleet again swept over Northern Luzon Island in the Philippines on October 17 (West Longitude Date). Preliminary reports indicate that the following damage was inflicted upon enemy shipping:

At Camiguin Island, North of Luzon, two medium transports were sunk, one large transport and a small oil tanker were set afire, and two medium transports were left beached and burning; at Aparri one coastal cargo ship and fuel storage areas along the waterfront were set ablaze. One airborne enemy plane over San Vicente was shot down while 18 were destroyed on the ground, 15 of them at Laoag. Action is continuing and further details will be released as they become available.

A reassessment of plane losses inflicted upon the enemy, but based upon still incomplete reports, shows that during the seven‑day period, October 9 to 15, carrier aircraft of the Pacific Fleet destroyed approximately 915 Japanese airplanes of which 350 enemy planes were destroyed on the ground and 565 planes were destroyed in the air in the Ryukyu–Formosa–Luzon area. Of those shot down 269 were over the targets, 256 were in the vicinity of our fleet and 40 were knocked down by anti-aircraft fire.

Based upon more complete information, the following damage was inflicted upon enemy shipping at Formosa by our carrier aircraft on October 11: (These losses are in addition to those reported in USPACPOA Communiqués No. 150 and 151)

SUNK:

  • 3 medium cargo ships
  • 2 coastal cargo ships
  • 34 small craft

PROBABLY SUNK:

  • 1 large cargo ship
  • 1 oil tanker
  • 3 medium cargo ships
  • 5 coastal cargo ships
  • 1 minelayer
  • 2 escort vessels

DAMAGED:

  • 7 small cargo ships
  • 11 coastal cargo ships
  • 1 oil tanker
  • 34 small craft

UNITED STATES LOSSES:

  • 21 planes
  • 31 pilots
  • 21 aircrewmen

Ngulu Atoll in the western Caroline Islands was occupied by U.S. forces on October 15. Only slight resistance was encountered. Seven of the enemy were killed and one taken prisoner.

Address by Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler
October 18, 1944

Volkssturmmänner!

Heute vor 131 Jahren am Abend des 18. Oktober 1813, ging nach blutigen und äußerst wechselvollen Kämpfen die Völkerschlacht bei Leipzig siegreich zu Ende. Durch diesen Erfolg wurde Deutschlands Boden von Napoleons unüberwindlich scheinender Heeresmacht gereinigt. Nach militärischen Begriffen war der Krieg, der von mutigen Freiheitskämpfern aller deutschen Stämme und von revolutionären, kühnen Offizieren und Generalen der preußischen Armee wie Blücher, Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, Clausewitz im Frühjahr des Jahres 1813 begonnen wurde, ein aussichtsloser. Viele deutsche Länder waren im Bund mit dem Korsen, Preußens Festungen von französischen Garnisonen besetzt, Preußens Heer eine kleine, unbedeutende Rumpfarmee. Ein Angriff gegen Napoleon war, obschon er 1812 in Rußland eine schwere Niederlage erlitten hatte, nach verstandesmäßiger Berechnung unmöglich und für die sogenannten „besonnenen“ Politiker und Militärs unverantwortlich.

Die Freiheitskämpfer aber, die ihren Willen gegen die Zaghaften, Berechnenden, Klugen und Neunmalweisen durchsetzen und vom zögernden König am 21. April 1813 die Gründung des Landsturms ertrotzten, hatten in ihren gläubigen Herzen den von der Geschichte als richtig erwiesenen Entschluss zum Kampf gefasst und in die Tat umgesetzt. Aus ungedienten Bauern und Städtern bildete sich der preußische Landsturm. Bedingungslos ist der Wille zur Aufstellung der Organisationen. Unübersteigbare Hindernisse gibt es nicht.

In der Verordnung über, den Landsturm heißt es in § 43: „Die Waffen sind alle Arten von Flinten mit und ohne Bajonett, Spieße, Pickel, Heugabeln, Morgensterne, Säbel, geradegezogene Sensen, Eisen usw.“

Aus den Haufen wurden Bataillone, aus notdürftig Bewaffneten die fanatischen Freiheitskämpfer. Mit den Worten „Vaterland, Vaterland“ griffen Landwehr und Landsturm den überlegen gerüsteten, modern ausgebildeten und kriegserfahrenen Feind in allen Provinzen an und vertrieben in monatelangen, von vielen Rückschlägen begleiteten Kämpfen den französischen Gegner aus dem preußischen Staatsgebiet. Die Krönung war dann die in erster Linie von den preußischen und österreichischen Soldaten ruhmreich zu Ende geschlagene Schlacht bei Leipzig. Der Landsturm hatte aus einer angeblich aussichtslosen Situation heraus in einem halben Jahr die Voraussetzungen dafür geschaffen, daß der gewichtige strategische Sieg bei Leipzig durch die Armee erfochten werden konnte, der wiederum die Grundlage für die Befreiung des Vaterlandes und das Gewinnen des ganzen Krieges war.

Heute nun, am 18. Oktober 1944, dem Gedenktag der Völkerschlacht bei Leipzig, hat unser Führer und Oberster Kriegsherr Adolf Hitler alle noch zu Hause befindlichen waffenfähigen deutschen Männer zwischen 16 und 60 Jahren zum Kampfeinsatz im Deutschen Volkssturm zur Verteidigung des Heimatbodens aufgerufen.

Es wird sicherlich in Deutschland Menschen geben, welche die ängstliche Frage stellen, ob dies notwendig sei! In soldatischer Ruhe, die unserem treuen und tapferen deutschen Volk zu eigen ist, wollen wir, die Männer und Frauen, die wir in fünf Kriegsjahren an der Front und in der Heimat auch den schwersten Angriffen zu Land, zu Wasser und aus der Luft mutig und unbeugsam standgehalten haben, uns einen Überblick verschaffen.

Im Jahre 1939 wurde die Lage Hunderttausender von Deutschen in der Republik Polen eine immer schlechtere. Blutigste Verfolgungen waren ebenso an der Tagesordnung wie die Vertreibung von Haus und Hof. Der Führer stellte an die Republik Polen in mehreren Noten, zum Schluss in seinem Vorschlag vom 30. August 1939, die ebenso berechtigten wie maßvollen Forderungen. Es wird einmal von historischer Bedeutung sein, daß der englische Botschafter diesen Vorschlag, durch den der Ausbruch des Krieges leicht hätte vermieden werden können, nicht weitergegeben hat. In großen Zügen handelt es sich um folgende Punkte:

  • Die uralte deutsche Stadt Danzig sollte dem Deutschen Reich zurückgegeben werden.

  • Im Gebiet des sogenannten Korridors sollte eine von einer internationalen Kommission nach dem Saarstatut durchzuführende Abstimmung stattfinden, die die objektive und gerechte Entscheidung bringen sollte, und

  • den deutschen Volksgenossen in Polen sollte ebenso ein gerechtes Minderheitenstatut gegeben werden, wie Deutschland seinerzeit bereit war, den schon immer gut behandelten Polen im Deutschen Reich ein gleichlautendes Statut zu geben.

In dem kurzen Feldzug der achtzehn Tage wurde das polnische militärische Problem gelöst. Der Führer bot unseren Gegnern England und Frankreich die Friedenshand.

Im Frühjahr 1940 kam die deutsche Wehrmacht England um wenige Stunden zuvor, als es unter Missachtung der Neutralität Norwegen und Dänemark besetzen wollte. Hiermit war unserem Volk die Nordgrenze gesichert. Im Frühsommer 1940 wurden die westlichen Armeen unserer Gegner, die belgische, die niederländische, französische und englische, besiegt beziehungsweise vom Festland vertrieben. Trotzdem bot der Führer abermals die Hand zum Frieden. Wiederum wurde sie zurückgewiesen. Weit von den Heimatgrenzen war durch des Führers Weitblick und Voraussicht der Feind abgedrängt worden.

Inzwischen hatte sich Rußland mit seinen Millionenarmeen und seinen Zehntausenden von Panzern zum Stoß nach Europa bereitgestellt und sich mit den jüdischen Kriegstreibern in England und Amerika verbündet.

Den vom Juden erfundenen und geführten Bolschewismus kannten wir durch viele Jahre aus unserem inneren deutschen Kampf gegen Rotfront und KPD. Was die Rote Armee beim Einmarsch in Europa beabsichtigte, das wussten wir. Welch maßloses Elend die bolschewistische Herrschaft für ein Volk bedeutet, das haben wir später in Rußland furchtbarer, als wir es annahmen, bestätigt gefunden. Um unser Volk vor dem Schicksal des russischen zu bewahren, kam der Führer dem bolschewistischen Angriff zuvor. Im Juni 1941 gab er den Befehl zum Abwehrkrieg gegen Deutschlands und der ganzen Welt gefährlichsten Feind. In gewaltigen Operationen wurde auch hier die Front weit außerhalb der Heimatgrenzen gerückt.

Den Tagen des Erfolges und des Glückes folgten Tage des Unglücks. Das Schicksal hatte beschlossen, uns zu prüfen. Der Unbill des Polarwinters 1941 reihten sich, hervorgerufen durch Schwäche, Treulosigkeit und Verrat, Zusammenbrüche bei unseren Verbündeten an, welche dann die Tragödie von Stalingrad verursachten.

Im Sommer des Jahres 1943 beginnt Badoglio seinen schmählichen Verrat, der Mussolinis Werk zerstörte, der Italien nicht den versprochenen Frieden, sondern unsagbare Opfer, die Verwüstung des Landes, die Ausbeutung und Aushungerung des Volkes durch die alliierte Besatzungsarmee, den tapferen deutschen Soldaten aber die Verantwortung für die Südfront Europas brachten. Sie ist allerdings für die Anglo-Amerikaner zu ihrer verlustreichsten geworden.

Im Osten gelang es dem bolschewistischen Gegner, in monate- und jahrelangen Kämpfen, die ihn Hekatomben von Menschenleben kosteten und immer fühlbarer an seiner Lebenssubstanz zehren, unsere in den ersten Phasen des Krieges weit hinausgeschobenen Linien zurückzudrängen, so daß sie hier in Ostpreußen die Grenzen unserer Heimat berührten.

Und trotzdem, unerträglich schwer ist der Krieg für unsere Feinde geworden. Lange darf er für sie nicht mehr dauern. Sie wollen und müssen den Einbruch nach Deutschland erzwingen, denn ihre Kräfte sind über jedes Maß angespannt. Bitter ist die Not des Hungers in den russischen Ländern, menschenleer und ausgeblutet sind die Dörfer und Städte. Alle Mittel jüdisch-bolschewistischer Rabulistik und des Terrors müssen angewendet werden, um die Massen, vom Knaben bis zum Greise, zum Schlachtfeld zu treiben. Nationale, demokratische, sogar religiöse Parolen werden ausgegeben, wobei zu gleicher Zeit die ukrainische und weißruthenische Bevölkerung, die unter der deutschen angeblich so drückenden Besatzung sich an Landbesitz und Eigentum gewöhnt hatte, erbarmungslos durch die NKWD evakuiert und von Haus und Hof vertrieben wird. Die täglich sich mehrenden empfindlichen Anschläge Zehntausender von Mitgliedern der russischen Freiheitsbewegung auf die Nachschubwege der Roten Armee und der Kampf der nationalen Völker Russlands sind darauf die Antwort.

Jedes Mittel ist dem Juden recht. Von den deutschen Soldaten, die bei Stalingrad eingekesselt wurden oder im Laufe von Kampfhandlungen gefangen werden, läßt er die Verwundeten – weil wertlos – ohne Erbarmen zusammenschießen; und für die übrigen begann und beginnt die übliche bolschewistische Behandlung mit Peitsche und Zuckerbrot. Die Peitsche in Gestalt von Eismeerlagern oder Genickschuss, dann, wenn einer sich nicht gegen sein Volk missbrauchen läßt, Zuckerbrot in Gestalt von leeren politischen Versprechungen und von greifbarem Schnaps, Wein, Zigaretten und gutem Essen, dann, wenn er sich, wie das ehrlose Komitee des Verräters Seydlitz, zur Propaganda gegen sein Vaterland und zusammen mit dem Juden Wolf sowie anderen aus Deutschland emigrierten Kommunisten zur Verführung armer, in Gefangenschaft geratener deutscher Soldaten missbrauchen läßt. Nach jeder Möglichkeit wird gegriffen, um den Sieg über uns vielleicht doch noch zu erringen.

Immer schwieriger wird der Krieg auch für unsere westlichen Gegner. Es gelang ihnen zwar im August, durch die Übermacht ihrer Luftwaffe den Durchbruch durch unsere Front in der Normandie unter schwersten Opfern zu erkaufen. Die Westfront aber wurde gegen ihr Erwarten im Laufe der letzten sechs Wochen in einer Länge von neunhundert Kilometer neu errichtet, befestigt und abwehrstark gemacht.

Trotz fortgesetzter größter Bemühungen glückte es ihnen nur an einigen Stellen, bis zur alten deutschen Reichsgrenze des Jahres 1939 vorzustoßen und kleine Teile unseres Heimatbodens zu besetzen.

In Wut und Verzweiflung versucht nun die Koalition unserer Gegner alles nur Erdenkliche. Pausenlos hetzt Stalin seine bolschewistischen Schlachtopfer in Brussilow-Offensiven.

Zugleich wurde in Warschau, der Hauptstadt des verratenen Polenlandes, ein Aufruhr der Widerstandsbewegung entflammt. Man glaubte, Deutschland habe nicht mehr die Kräfte, die Unbotmäßigkeit der Millionenstadt im Rücken der deutschen Front zu brechen. In achtwöchigen Kämpfen, die dem polnischen Volk über 200.000 Tote und die völlige Vernichtung seiner Metropole kosteten, wurde der Aufstand niedergeschlagen. Deutscher Menschlichkeit sowie der allerdings späten Einsicht des von seinen Bundesgenossen schmählich betrogenen und verlassenen polnischen Generals Bor ist es zu danken, daß die letzte Viertelmillion polnischer Männer, Frauen und Kinder, die sich im mittleren Kessel befanden, dem sicheren Tode im Straßenkampf dieser brennenden Hölle entgehen konnten.

Judentum, Freimaurerei und Demokratie brachten es durch Winkelzüge, Bestechung, Verrat und Spekulation auf Kurzsichtigkeit, Kleinmut und bürgerliche Feigheit zustande, die bisher mit uns verbündeten Völker der Rumänen, Bulgaren und Finnen zum Niederlegen ihrer Waffen und damit zum nationalen und völkischen Selbstmord zu bringen. Ihr Schicksal vollzieht der Bolschewismus gnadenlos und furchtbar.

Während der amerikanische Soldat sich von Tag zu Tag mehr fragt, warum er eigentlich gegen Deutschland kämpfen solle, ködert man in England in Verbindung mit all den militärischen und politischen Offensiven, die aus allen Richtungen auf Deutschland angesetzt waren, das müde Volk mit terminmäßig festgelegten Prophezeiungen über das – so dringlich ersehnte – Kriegsende. Es wurden der 1. Oktober, Mitte und dann Ende Oktober genannt. Deprimierend verfließt jeder Termin, und der Tommy muß weiterkämpfen; um es vielleicht doch noch zu erzwingen, wurde einer der besten britischen Verbände, die 1. Fallschirmdivision, bei Arnheim hinter der deutschen Front im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes in die Schlacht geworfen. Die totale Vernichtung durch Tod, Verwundung oder Gefangennahme war das Ende dieser an sich tapferen Truppe. Interessant, doch für uns nicht neu, war nur, daß wir unter diesen kämpfenden Soldaten nur britische, aber keine jüdischen Engländer – und zwar nicht einen – feststellen konnten. Gleichzeitig mit diesen Angriffen in Ost und West erhoben am 20. Juli eidbrüchige, treulose und feige Verräter und Defätisten, die in Verbindung mit dem Schuft Seydlitz standen, die Hand gegen den Führer.

Durch ein Wunder hat das Schicksal, so wie es die Millionen deutscher Herzen erfleht hatten, für unseren Führer gesprochen und ihn seinem Volke bewahrt. Die Vorsehung hat ihn geschützt.

Empörung und Schmerz gingen durch die Reihen der Armee und ihres Offizierskorps ob der Schande, die sie am 20. Juli erleben mußten. Uralt ist unsere ruhmreiche Soldatentradition. Große Geister und edle Heroen wie Prinz Eugen und Friedrich der Große und viele andere sind die ewig gültigen Vorbilder und Erzieher unsterblichen deutschen Heldentums.

Aus mancher dunklen Stunde und ungebeugt von Rückschlägen erhebt es sich immer wieder aufs Neue. So wie seit grauer Vorzeit das deutsche Fußvolk auf unzählbaren Schlachtfeldern und Walstätten in Verteidigung und Angriff für Volk und Heimat stand und focht, so steht heute unsere Wehrmacht im zähen Abwehrkampf.

Zu gleicher Zeit aber werden im Heer unablässig Volksgrenadierdivisionen und Marschbataillone ausgerüstet, erzogen und an die Front entsandt. In der Luftwaffe werden, obwohl sie im härtesten Ringen mit einem übermütig gewordenen Gegner gebunden ist, Geschwader um Geschwader neu aufgestellt. Die in zahlreichen Kämpfen hochbewährte Fallschirmtruppe wird durch Neuaufstellung von Fallschirmverbänden aus der Luftwaffe weiter verstärkt werden. Unsere Marine kämpft ungebrochen durch alle Schwierigkeiten mit Ihren neuartigen Mitteln, die eine Vermählung von höchsten Leistungen der Technik mit bedingungslos tapferem Mannestum sind, gibt nicht nach, schädigt den Gegner und packt ihn immer wieder an.

Zu dieser Abwehrphase des Krieges haben unsere braven Frauen und Männer, die seit fünf Jahren trotz des Bombenterrors einmalige übermenschliche Leistungen auf den Bauernhöfen, und in den Rüstungsbetrieben vollbringen, zusammen mit der Jugend in Ost und West in den Marken des Reiches im Wege der Selbsthilfe ein dichtes Stellungssystem mit Spaten, Schaufel und Pickel geschaffen.

Über diese Leistung hinaus ist es im jetzigen Stadium des Krieges notwendig, daß das Volk die Wehrmacht durch Errichtung des Volkssturmes unterstützt.

Wie damals im Freiheitskrieg der Landsturm, so hat heute der Volkssturm die Aufgabe.

Überall dort, wo der Feind unseren Heimatboden betritt, sei es durch den Vorstoß auf der Erde, sei es durch Absprung aus der Luft, ihn fanatisch anzupacken, festzuhalten und ihn womöglich aufzureiben.

Unsere Gegner müssen begreifen lernen: Jeder Kilometer, den sie in unser Land Vordringen wollen, wird sie Ströme ihres Blutes kosten. Jeder Häuserblock einer Stadt, jedes Dorf, jedes Gehöft, jeder Graben, jeder Busch, jeder Wald wird von Männern, Knaben und Greisen und – wenn es sein muß – von Frauen und Mädchen verteidigt.

Auch in dem Gebiet, das sie glauben erobert zu haben, wird immer wieder in ihrem Rücken der deutsche Widerstandswille auflodern und wie die Werwölfe werden todesmutige Freiwillige dem Feinde schaden und seine Lebensfäden abschneiden.

Unsere verfluchten Feinde werden es feststellen und einsehen müssen, daß ein Einbruch in Deutschland, selbst wenn er irgendwo gelänge, für den Angreifer Opfer kostet, die für ihn dem nationalen Selbstmord gleichkommen.

Das Volksaufgebot wird die Aufgabe übernehmen, in bedrohten Gebieten der Wehrmacht zu helfen, damit sie fähig ist, sich wieder für den eigenen Angriff zu rüsten und, aufzustellen.

Äußerlich und innerlich bereiten wir uns für unsere Pflicht vor. So wie es der Führer befohlen, werden durch die Gauleiter die Männer zusammengerufen und zu Bataillonen formiert. In kurzer Zeit werden sie durch Energie und Improvisation überall mit dem Notwendigen ausgerüstet und in nimmermüdem Fleiß ausgebildet sein. Daß wir über diese äußere Organisation und das militärische Können hinaus innerlich gerüstet und bereit sein müssen, darüber wollen wir uns klar sein.

Wie vor fünf Menschenaltern unsere Ahnen im preußischen Landsturm, in den Freikorps in allen deutschen Gauen, in den Standschützenkompanien der Tiroler, so wollen auch wir uns die Tugenden zu eigen machen, die zeitlos gültig allein den Sieg verbürgen.

  • Wir schwören, daß wir so wie die Väter treu sein wollen. Treu dem Führer, den der Herrgott uns gesandt, treu dem Reich, das alle deutschen Stämme nach Jahrhunderten geeint und das wie ehedem die Ordnungsmacht des europäischen Kontinents ist und sein wird, treu dem Volk und damit uns selbst, weil wir das Kostbarste, des deutschen germanischen Volkes ewiges Leben, seine Frauen, seine Kinder und damit sein Blut, das so viel Edles für die Menschheit geschaffen und geschöpft hat, verteidigen und bewahren werden.

  • Wir geloben, daß wir gehorsam sein werden allen Befehlen, die der Führer und unsere Vorgesetzten uns geben. Treue, Gehorsam und Tapferkeit begründen die Staaten und Reiche. Wenn Menschen von diesen Eigenschaften erfüllt sind, so wird durch sie auch das kleinste Häuflein unüberwindlich stark.

  • Wir wissen, daß eines Volkes gewaltigste Kraft der Glaube seiner Herzen, die Standhaftigkeit seiner Männer und Frauen, die Tapferkeit seiner Jugend und das Vertrauen in die eigene Stärke ist.

Wir wissen, daß der deutsche Geist Wunder moderner Technik geschaffen hat, deren „V1“ seit Monaten unbeirrbar ins Lebenszentrum unseres Gegners hämmert.

  • Wir wissen, daß genauso wie die erste dieser Waffen zum Einsatz kam, die nächste und alle folgenden kommen und zur rechten Zeit und Stunde gegen unsere Feinde Verwendung finden werden. Ebenso aber wissen wir, daß diese Waffen nur dann einen Erfolg bringen, wenn im Zusammenwirken mit ihnen des Deutschen Reiches stärkste Wunderwaffe eingesetzt wird: seines Volkes Aufgebot voll Tapferkeit und Fanatismus.

Wir erklären, daß wir uns keinen Augenblick irgendeiner trügerischen und falschem Hoffnung hingeben. Wir haben es aus ihrem eigenen Munde vernommen, daß wir von unseren Feinden die Zerstörung unseres Landes, die Abholzung unserer Wälder, die Auflösung unserer Wirtschaft, die Vernichtung unserer Städte, die Niederbrennung unserer Dörfer und die Ausrottung unseres Volkes zu erwarten haben.

So wie die jüdische Etappe der amerikanischen Armee das Dörfchen Wallendorf niedergesengt hat, so wie die jüdischen Kommissare in Rumänien, Bulgarien und Finnland die nationalen Kräfte liquidieren und die Arbeiter zu Zehntausenden wie Vieh nach Sibirien transportieren, ebenso ist uns bekannt, würde es dem gesamten deutschen Volk ergehen, wenn unsere Feinde die Oberhand über uns gewinnen würden.

Niemals und nirgends sollen und dürfen Volkssturmmänner kapitulieren. Sollte aber an irgendeiner Stelle ein verantwortlicher Führer in aussichtsloser Lage glauben, den Kampf aufgeben zu müssen, so gilt für den Volkssturm die in unserer tapferen Marine übliche Sitte, daß er dann das Kommando an denjenigen seiner Untergebenen mit allen Rechten abzugeben hat – und wenn es der jüngste wäre – der den Willen hat, den Kampf fortzusetzen.

Ihr Volkssturmmänner Ostpreußens habt die ersten Bataillone gebildet. So wie ihr jetzt vor mir steht, so werden in wenigen Tagen und Wochen in ganz Deutschland die Einheiten angetreten sein. Äußerlich und innerlich gerüstet, von heiligem Glauben beseelt und von fanatischem Willen erfüllt, weder eigenes noch fremdes Blut zu schonen, wenn es das Wohl der Nation verlangt, greifen die Bataillone zu Gewehr, Maschinengewehr, Handgranate und Panzerfaust und stehen dann bereit für jeden Einsatz, den Führer und Volk von ihnen verlangen. Sie werden die Armee von Deutschlands größten Idealisten sein.

Voll Ruhe und Vertrauen blicken wir in die Zukunft. Es wird noch Wochen und Monate harter Prüfungen geben. Wir werden sie überstehen wie alle Belastungen der letzten Jahre. Wir kennen uns selbst, und deshalb wissen wir: Unser Wille und unsere Kraft werden uns in unserem Kampf nicht aufhören lassen, bevor nicht von unseren Gegnern in einem für sie wegen der Unüberwindlichkeit des deutschen Volkes sinnlos gewordenen Krieg das Feuer eingestellt ist.

Der Herrgott hat die Völker geschaffen, nicht Menschenwille hat sie erdacht. Im Schöpfungswerden von Jahrtausenden erwuchs nach seinen hohen Gesetzen das deutsche Volk mit all seinen reichen Gaben, seiner schönen Heimat und seinen harten Lebensbedingungen. Ohne Einschränkung bekennen wir uns zu den ewigen Gesetzen und damit zu unserem Vaterland. In tiefster Gläubigkeit sind wir davon überzeugt, daß die Allmacht am Ende aller Mühen, aller Opfer, allen Leides und Kampfes dem Führer und seinem Volk den hart verdienten Sieg geben wird.

The Pittsburgh Press (October 18, 1944)

HITLER CALLS CIVILIANS TO DEFEND REICH
People’s army for last ditch battle formed

Men 16 to 60 to fight for fatherland

London, England (UP) –
Adolf Hitler today ordered all able-bodied Germans mobilized into “People’s Storm Units” to fight a last desperate battle in defense of German soil while Nazi leaders try to win a stalemate peace.

Gestapo chief Heinrich Himmler, broadcasting from Soviet-threatened East Prussia, read Hitler’s decree calling all men between 16 and 60 to rally to the defense of the fatherland soil “with all weapons and by all means.”

Himmler, commander of the German Home Army, declared:

Every block of houses of every town, every village, every farmhouse, every ditch, every bush, will be defended by men, boys and old folk, and if necessary, by women and girls.

Reveals peace hope

In a decree, brought with a spirit of desperation, creating the plain-clothed “Volkssturm,” Hitler said the purpose of sending all men to the barricades with whatever weapons they could muster was, first to break what he called the Allied determination to annihilate the German nation.

The second aim, he said, was “keeping him [the enemy] away from the Reich until the future of Germany, of her allies and thus of Europe, is safeguarded by a certain peace.”

The obvious connotation was that Germany would fight on with the aim of draining Allied power until the Allies grow tired and agree to make peace. Nowhere in the decree was there a boast that the Allied armies would be destroyed – only that they would be held at arms’ length at the Reich frontiers by the fanatic resistance of the People’s Army.

Enemy straining forces

Hitler’s decree said:

The enemy is straining his forces to smash our Reich and to annihilate the German nation and its social order.

At the very moment when the enemy thinks he is getting ready for the final blow we are determined to carry out a second large-scale action of our people. We will succeed not only in breaking the enemy’s determination to annihilate us, but also in throwing him back and in keeping him away from the Reich until the future of Germany and her allies – and thus Europe – is safeguarded by a certain peace.

He ordered Nazi district leaders to take over the organization and leadership of the Storm Units.

Regarded as soldiers

Hitler said:

During their action, members of the German People’s Storm Units will be regarded as soldiers in the sense of military laws. Membership in a Storm unit does not affect membership in other organizations, but has priority over any other service in such organizations.

Himmler, speaking at a parade of the new People’s Army in East Prussia, underscored Hitler’s theme that the Nazi war aim now was to fight the Allies into a state of exhaustion.

He said:

The war has become unbearably heavy on our enemies. It must not go on much longer for them. They want to break into Germany, and they must do it because their forces are strained beyond all measure.

Our enemies will see that a break into Germany, even if they should succeed in making it, would mean for them sacrifices tantamount to national suicide. The enemy must understand that every kilometer of German soil will cost streams of blood.