I DARE SAY —
Gather around, quiz kids; here’s something to test your memories
By Florence Fisher Parry
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I DARE SAY —
Barnes: Early autumn brings little to arouse Broadway showgoers
First October offering feeble in effort to brew hilarity
By Howard Barnes
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Admits he is No. 1 film dope
But Arthur Lake likes being ‘sap’
By Erskine Johnson
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Perfect legs? Nary a pair in Hollywood, says Dali
Pretty girls, yes – but shapely gams are not to be found!
…
Love: Crisis looms on post-war plant setup
Some decentralization being considered
By John W. Love, Scripps-Howard staff writer
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Midshipmen crush Penn State, 55–14
Brilliant Navy team rebounds to score in every period
By Chester L. Smith, sports editor
…
Army defeats Brown, 59–7
…
White House Statement on the Death of Wendell Willkie
October 8, 1944
The nation will long remember Wendell Willkie as a forthright American. Earnest, honest, whole-souled, he also had tremendous courage. This courage – which was his dominating trait – prompted him more than once to stand alone and to challenge the wisdom of counsels taken by powerful interests within his own party. In this hour of grave crisis, the country loses a great citizen through his untimely passing.
recaptured nazis you say…
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U.S. State Department (October 9, 1944)
500.CC/10–944
Press Release
October 9, 1944
The Government of the United States has now received the report of its Delegation to the conversations held in Washington between August 21 and October 7, 1944 with the Delegations of the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Republic of China on the subject of an international organization for the maintenance of peace and security.
There is annexed hereto a statement of tentative proposals indicating in detail the wide range of subjects on which agreement has been reached at the conversations.
The governments which were represented in the discussions in Washington have agreed that after further study of these proposals they will as soon as possible take the necessary steps with a view to the preparation of complete proposals which could then serve as a basis of discussion at a full United Nations Conference.
[Annex]
Proposals for the establishment of a general international organization
There should be established an international organization under the title of The United Nations, the Charter of which should contain provisions necessary to give effect to the proposals which follow.
Chapter I. PURPOSES
The purposes of the Organization should be:
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To maintain international peace and security; and to that end to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace and the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means adjustment or settlement of international disputes which may lead to a breach of the peace;
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To develop friendly relations among nations and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;
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To achieve international cooperation in the solution of international economic, social and other humanitarian problems; and
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To afford a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the achievement of these common ends.
Chapter II. PRINCIPLES
In pursuit of the purposes mentioned in Chapter I the Organization and its members should act in accordance with the following principles:
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The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all peace-loving states.
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All members of the Organization undertake, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership in the Organization, to fulfill the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the Charter.
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All members of the Organization shall settle their disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security are not endangered.
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All members of the Organization shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force in any manner inconsistent with the purposes of the Organization.
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All members of the Organization shall give every assistance to the Organization in any action undertaken by it in accordance with the provisions of the Charter.
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All members of the Organization shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which preventive or enforcement action is being undertaken by the Organization.
The Organization should ensure that states not members of the Organization act in accordance with these principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.
Chapter III. MEMBERSHIP
Membership of the Organization should be open to all peace-loving states.
Chapter IV. PRINCIPAL ORGANS
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The Organization should have as its principal organs:
a. A General Assembly;
b. A Security Council;
c. An international court of justice; and
d. A Secretariat. -
The Organization should have such subsidiary agencies as may be found necessary.
Chapter V. THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
SECTION A: Composition
All members of the Organization should be members of the General Assembly and should have a number of representatives to be specified in the Charter.
SECTION B: Functions and powers
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The General Assembly should have the right to consider the general principles of cooperation in the maintenance of international peace and security, including the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments; to discuss any questions relating to the maintenance of international peace and security brought before it by any member or members of the Organization or by the Security Council; and to make recommendations with regard to any such principles or questions. Any such questions on which action is necessary should be referred to the Security Council by the General Assembly either before or after discussion. The General Assembly should not on its own initiative make recommendations on any matter relating to the maintenance of international peace and security which is being dealt with by the Security Council.
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The General Assembly should be empowered to admit new members to the Organization upon recommendation of the Security Council.
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The General Assembly should, upon recommendation of the Security Council, be empowered to suspend from the exercise of any rights or privileges of membership any member of the Organization against which preventive or enforcement action shall have been taken by the Security Council. The exercise of the rights and privileges thus suspended may be restored by decision of the Security Council. The General Assembly should be empowered, upon recommendation of the Security Council, to expel from the Organization any member of the Organization which persistently violates the principles contained in the Charter.
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The General Assembly should elect the non-permanent members of the Security Council and the members of the Economic and Social Council provided for in Chapter IX. It should be empowered to elect, upon recommendation of the Security Council, the Secretary-General of the Organization. It should perform such functions in relation to the election of the judges of the international court of justice as may be conferred upon it by the statute of the court.
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The General Assembly should apportion the expenses among the members of the Organization and should be empowered to approve the budgets of the Organization.
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The General Assembly should initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of promoting international cooperation in political, economic and social fields and of adjusting situations likely to impair the general welfare.
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The General Assembly should make recommendations for the coordination of the policies of international economic, social, and other specialized agencies brought into relation with the Organization in accordance with agreements between such agencies and the Organization.
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The General Assembly should receive and consider annual and special reports from the Security Council and reports from other bodies of the Organization.
SECTION C: Voting
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Each member of the Organization should have one vote in the General Assembly.
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Important decisions of the General Assembly, including recommendations with respect to the maintenance of international peace and security; election of members of the Security Council; election of members of the Economic and Social Council; admission of members, suspension of the exercise of the rights and privileges of members, and expulsion of members; and budgetary questions, should be made by a two-thirds majority of those present and voting. On other questions, including the determination of additional categories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds majority, the decisions of the General Assembly should be made by a simple majority vote.
SECTION D: Procedure
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The General Assembly should meet in regular annual sessions and in such special sessions as occasion may require.
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The General Assembly should adopt its own rules of procedure and elect its President for each session.
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The General Assembly should be empowered to set up such bodies and agencies as it may deem necessary for the performance of its functions.
Chapter VI. THE SECURITY COUNCIL
SECTION A: Composition
The Security Council should consist of one representative of each of eleven members of the Organization. Representatives of the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Republic of China, and, in due course, France, should have permanent seats. The General Assembly should elect six states to fill the non-permanent seats. These six states should be elected for a term of two years, three retiring each year. They should not be immediately eligible for reelection. In the first election of the non-permanent members three should be chosen by the General Assembly for one-year terms and three for two-year terms.
SECTION B: Principal functions and powers
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In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the Organization, members of the Organization should by the Charter confer on the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security and should agree that in carrying out these duties under this responsibility it should act on their behalf.
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In discharging these duties the Security Council should act in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Organization.
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The specific powers conferred on the Security Council in order to carry out these duties are laid down in Chapter VIII.
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All members of the Organization should obligate themselves to accept the decisions of the Security Council and to carry them out in accordance with the provisions of the Charter.
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In order to promote the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security with the least diversion of the world’s human and economic resources for armaments, the Security Council, with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee referred to in Chapter VIII, Section B, paragraph 9, should have the responsibility for formulating plans for the establishment of a system of regulation of armaments for submission to the members of the Organization.
SECTION C: Voting
NOTE: The question of voting procedure in the Security Council is still under consideration.
SECTION D: Procedure
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The Security Council should be so organized as to be able to function continuously and each state member of the Security Council should be permanently represented at the headquarters of the Organization. It may hold meetings at such other places as in its judgment may best facilitate its work. There should be periodic meetings at which each state member of the Security Council could if it so desired be represented by a member of the government or some other special representative.
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The Security Council should be empowered to set up such bodies or agencies as it may deem necessary for the performance of its functions including regional subcommittees of the Military Staff Committee.
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The Security Council should adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.
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Any member of the Organization should participate in the discussion of any question brought before the Security Council whenever the Security Council considers that the interests of that member of the Organization are specially affected.
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Any member of the Organization not having a seat on the Security Council and any state not a member of the Organization, if it is a party to a dispute under consideration by the Security Council, should be invited to participate in the discussion relating to the dispute.
Chapter VII. AN INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
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There should be an international court of justice which should constitute the principal judicial organ of the Organization.
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The Court should be constituted and should function in accordance with a statute which should be annexed to and be a part of the Charter of the Organization.
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The statute of the court of international justice should be either (a) the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice, continued in force with such modifications as may be desirable or (b) a new statute in the preparation of which the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice should be used as a basis.
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All members of the Organization should ipso facto be parties to the statute of the international court of justice.
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Conditions under which states not members of the Organization may become parties to the statute of the international court of justice should be determined in each case by the General Assembly upon recommendation of the Security Council.
Chapter VIII. ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY INCLUDING PREVENTION AND SUPPRESSION OF AGGRESSION
SECTION A: Pacific settlement of disputes
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The Security Council should be empowered to investigate any dispute, or any situation which may lead to international friction or give rise to a dispute, in order to determine whether its continuance is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security.
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Any state, whether member of the Organization or not, may bring any such dispute or situation to the attention of the General Assembly or of the Security Council.
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The parties to any dispute the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security should obligate themselves, first of all, to seek a solution by negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration or judicial settlement, or other peaceful means of their own choice. The Security Council should call upon the parties to settle their dispute by such means.
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If, nevertheless, parties to a dispute of the nature referred to in paragraph 3 above fail to settle it by the means indicated in that paragraph, they should obligate themselves to refer it to the Security Council. The Security Council should in each case decide whether or not the continuance of the particular dispute is in fact likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, and, accordingly, whether the Security Council should deal with the dispute, and, if so, whether it should take action under paragraph 5.
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The Security Council should be empowered, at any stage of a dispute of the nature referred to in paragraph 3 above, to recommend appropriate procedures or methods of adjustment.
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Justiciable disputes should normally be referred to the international court of justice. The Security Council should be empowered to refer to the court, for advice, legal questions connected with other disputes.
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The provisions of paragraph 1 to 6 of Section A should not apply to situations or disputes arising out of matters which by international law are solely within the domestic jurisdiction of the state concerned.
SECTION B: Determination of threats to the peace or acts of aggression and action with respect thereto
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Should the Security Council deem that a failure to settle a dispute in accordance with procedures indicated in paragraph 3 of Section A, or in accordance with its recommendations made under paragraph 5 of Section A, constitutes a threat to the maintenance of international peace and security, it should take any measures necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Organization.
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In general the Security Council should determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of aggression and should make recommendations or decide upon the measures to be taken to maintain or restore peace and security.
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The Security Council should be empowered to determine what diplomatic, economic, or other measures not involving the use of armed force should be employed to give effect to its decisions, and to call upon members of the Organization to apply such measures. Such measures may include complete or partial interruption of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio and other means of communication and the severance of diplomatic and economic relations.
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Should the Security Council consider such measures to be inadequate, it should be empowered to take such action by air, naval or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade and other operations by air, sea or land forces of members of the Organization.
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In order that all members of the Organization should contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security, they should undertake to make available to the Security Council, on its call and in accordance with a special agreement or agreements concluded among themselves, armed forces, facilities and assistance necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security. Such agreement or agreements should govern the numbers and types of forces and the nature of the facilities and assistance to be provided. The special agreement or agreements should be negotiated as soon as possible and should in each case be subject to approval by the Security Council and to ratification by the signatory states in accordance with their constitutional processes.
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In order to enable urgent military measures to be taken by the Organization there should be held immediately available by the members of the Organization national air force contingents for combined international enforcement action. The strength and degree of readiness of these contingents and plans for their combined action should be determined by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee within the limits laid down in the special agreement or agreements referred to in paragraph 5 above.
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The action required to carry out the decisions of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security should be taken by all the members of the Organization in cooperation or by some of them as the Security Council may determine. This undertaking should be carried out by the members of the Organization by their own action and through action of the appropriate specialized organizations and agencies of which they are members.
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Plans for the application of armed force should be made by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee referred to in paragraph 9 below.
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There should be established a Military Staff Committee the functions of which should be to advise and assist the Security Council on all questions relating to the Security Council’s military requirements for the maintenance of international peace and security, to the employment and command of forces placed at its disposal, to the regulation of armaments, and to possible disarmament. It should be responsible under the Security Council for the strategic direction of any armed forces placed at the disposal of the Security Council. The Committee should be composed of the Chiefs of Staff of the permanent members of the Security Council or their representatives. Any member of the Organization not permanently represented on the Committee should be invited by the Committee to be associated with it when the efficient discharge of the Committee’s responsibilities requires that such a state should participate in its work. Questions of command of forces should be worked out subsequently.
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The members of the Organization should join in affording mutual assistance in carrying out the measures decided upon by the Security Council.
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Any state, whether a member of the Organization or not, which finds itself confronted with special economic problems arising from the carrying out of measures which have been decided upon by the Security Council should have the right to consult the Security Council in regard to a solution of those problems.
SECTION C: Regional arrangements
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Nothing in the Charter should preclude the existence of regional arrangements or agencies for dealing with such matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security as are appropriate for regional action, provided such arrangements or agencies and their activities are consistent with the purposes and principles of the Organization. The Security Council should encourage settlement of local disputes through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies, either on the initiative of the states concerned or by reference from the Security Council.
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The Security Council should, where appropriate, utilize such arrangements or agencies for enforcement action under its authority, but no enforcement action should be taken under regional arrangements or by regional agencies without the authorization of the Security Council.
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The Security Council should at all times be kept fully informed of activities undertaken or in contemplation under regional arrangements or by regional agencies for the maintenance of international peace and security.
Chapter IX. ARRANGEMENTS FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COOPERATION
SECTION A: Purpose and relationships
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With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and well-being which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations among nations, the Organization should facilitate solutions of international economic, social and other humanitarian problems and promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Responsibility for the discharge of this function should be vested in the General Assembly and, under the authority of the General Assembly, in an Economic and Social Council.
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The various specialized economic, social and other organizations and agencies would have responsibilities in their respective fields as defined in their statutes. Each such organization or agency should be brought into relationship with the Organization on terms to be determined by agreement between the Economic and Social Council and the appropriate authorities of the specialized organization or agency, subject to approval by the General Assembly.
SECTION B: Composition and voting
The Economic and Social Council should consist of representatives of eighteen members of the Organization. The states to be represented for this purpose should be elected by the General Assembly for terms of three years. Each such state should have one representative, who should have one vote. Decisions of the Economic and Social Council should be taken by simple majority vote of those present and voting.
SECTION C: Functions and powers of the Economic and Social Council
The Economic and Social Council should be empowered:
a) to carry out, within the scope of its functions, recommendations of the General Assembly;
b) to make recommendations, on its own initiative, with respect to international economic, social and other humanitarian matters;
c) to receive and consider reports from the economic, social and other organizations or agencies brought into relationship with the Organization, and to coordinate their activities through consultations with, and recommendations to, such organizations or agencies;
d) to examine the administrative budgets of such specialized organizations or agencies with a view to making recommendations to the organizations or agencies concerned;
e) to enable the Secretary-General to provide information to the Security Council;
f) to assist the Security Council upon its request; and
g) to perform such other functions within the general scope of its competence as may be assigned to it by the General Assembly.
SECTION D: Organization and procedure
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The Economic and Social Council should set up an economic commission, a social commission, and such other commissions as may be required. These commissions should consist of experts. There should be a permanent staff which should constitute a part of the Secretariat of the Organization.
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The Economic and Social Council should make suitable arrangements for representatives of the specialized organizations or agencies to participate without vote in its deliberations and in those of the commissions established by it.
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The Economic and Social Council should adopt its own rules of procedure and the method of selecting its President.
Chapter X. THE SECRETARIAT
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There should be a Secretariat comprising a Secretary-General and such staff as may be required. The Secretary-General should be the chief administrative officer of the Organization. He should be elected by the General Assembly, on recommendation of the Security Council, for such term and under such conditions as are specified in the Charter.
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The Secretary-General should act in that capacity in all meetings of the General Assembly, of the Security Council, and of the Economic and Social Council and should make an annual report to the General Assembly on the work of the Organization.
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The Secretary-General should have the right to bring to the attention of the Security Council any matter which in his opinion may threaten international peace and security.
Chapter XI. AMENDMENTS
Amendments should come into force for all members of the Organization, when they have been adopted by a vote of two-thirds of the members of the General Assembly and ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional processes by the members of the Organization having permanent membership on the Security Council and by a majority of the other members of the Organization.
Chapter XII. TRANSITIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
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Pending the coming into force of the special agreement or agreements referred to in Chapter VIII, Section B, paragraph 5, and in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 5 of the Four-Nation Declaration, signed at Moscow, October 30, 1943, the states parties to that Declaration should consult with one another and as occasion arises with other members of the Organization with a view to such joint action on behalf of the Organization as may be necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.
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No provision of the Charter should preclude action taken or authorized in relation to enemy states as a result of the present war by the Governments having responsibility for such action.
NOTE: In addition to the question of voting procedure in the Security Council referred to in Chapter VI, several other questions are still under consideration.
Washington, October 7, 1944
Innsbrucker Nachrichten (October 9, 1944)
Anhaltender Feindausturm im Westen und Osten
Wieder auflebende Angriffe in Italien – Finnische Regimenter von den Bolschewisten zum Kampf gegen unsere Soldaten gepresst
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Frankreich vor einem Winter ohne kohle
Hunger und Not im Erfolge der Anglo-Amerikaner – Ausplünderung statt Hilfeleistung
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Führer HQ (October 9, 1944)
Kommuniqué des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht
Die feindlichen Angriffe an der Westfront haben gestern auf weitere Abschnitte übergegriffen. Bei fortdauernder örtlicher Kampftätigkeit an der belgisch-holländischen Grenze und in Mittelholland geht die Schlacht im Raum Geilenkirchen–Stolberg mit steigender Erbitterung weiter. Zäher Widerstand und heftige Gegenangriffe unserer Divisionen brachten nach schwersten Kämpfen die zur beiderseitigen Umfassung von Aachen angesetzten feindlichen Panzerverbände zum Stehen. Um einen Frontvorsprung nordöstlich Nancy, den der Feind seit gestern früh stark angreift, sind heftige Kämpfe entbrannt, während sie beiderseits Remiremont mit amerikanischen und französischen Infanterie- und Panzerkräften unvermindert anhalten.
Starkes feindliches Feuer lag wieder auf Dünkirchen. Angriffe des Gegners vor Saint-Nazaire, Lorient und im Vorfeld von La Rochelle scheiterten.
Sicherungsfahrzeuge der Kriegsmarine versenkten vor der niederländischen Küste ein britisches Schnellboot. Im Verlaufe weiterer Gefechte ging ein eigenes Fahrzeug verloren.
Das „V1“-Störungsfeuer auf London geht weiter.
In Mittelitalien erzielten unsere Truppen, die seit vielen Tagen südlich Bologna in schwerstem Kampf stehen, erneut einen großen Abwehrerfolg. Der Feind konnte zwar unter hohen Verlusten an einigen Stellen in unsere vordere Linie einbrechen, wurde dann jedoch durch sofort einsetzende Gegenangriffe geworfen oder zum Stehen gebracht. Auch im adriatischen Küstenabschnitt gehen die schweren Kämpfe weiter und verlagerten sich mehr in das Berggelände westlich der adriatischen Küste.
Im Banat und in Serbien südlich der Donau haben der zähe Widerstand unserer Truppen und die Gegenangriffe neu herangeführter Reserven den feindlichen Vormarsch zum Stehen gebracht. Im Kampfraum westlich Zajecar rieben Gebirgsjäger zwei in ihre Stellungen eingedrungene sowjetische Bataillone auf. Gegen den in Südungarn auf breiter Front angreifenden Feind halten deutsche und ungarische Truppen ihre Brückenkopfstellungen an der Theiß. Im Angriff nach Norden sind Sowjettruppen über die Schnelle Kreisch bis in den Raum von Debrecen vorgedrungen. Eigene Gegenangriffe sind in gutem Fortschreiten. Bisher wurden 25 Panzer abgeschossen.
Deutsche Schlacht- und Kampfflieger bekämpften mit gutem Erfolg die feindlichen Angriffsspitzen und den Nachschubverkehr der Bolschewisten. An den Passstraßen der Waldkarpaten wiesen deutsche und ungarische Truppen bolschewistische Angriffe teilweise im Gegenangriff ab.
Aus ihren Weichselbrückenköpfen südöstlich Warka und nördlich Seroe griffen die Sowjets erfolglos an. In der Schlacht zwischen der Memel und der Windau stehen unsere Truppen in zähem Ringen mit starkem Feind. In vergeblichen Angriffen gegen den Rigaer Brückenkopf nördlich der Düna verlor der Feind 25 Panzer.
Auf Ösel wurde die Halbinsel Sworbe gegen starken feindlichen Druck gehalten.
In Finnland haben sich unsere Truppen aus dem Raum von Tornio nach Norden abgesetzt. In der Stützpunktlinie an der finnisch-sowjetischen Grenze südwestlich von Murmansk wurden die gestern gemeldeten starken feindlichen Angriffe zum Stehen gebracht.
Schlachtflieger griffen trotz schwieriger Wetterlage in die Erdkämpfe ein. Die begleitenden Jäger schossen ohne eigene Verluste 14 sowjetische Flugzeuge ab.
Die Anglo-Amerikaner setzten den Terror gegen die Zivilbevölkerung im west- und südwestdeutschen Raum durch Tiefangriffe fort. Mit Bomben und Bordwaffen wurden vor allem Ortschaften und Personenzüge angegriffen. 12 Jagdbomber wurden abgeschossen.
Bei den Kämpfen in Siebenbürgen hat sich die vorwiegend aus Deutschen des Südostraumes zusammengesetzte 8. SS-Kavalleriedivision unter Führung des Ritterkreuzträgers SS-Standartenführer Joachim Rumohr hervorragend geschlagen.
In den Kämpfen ostwärts Riga zeichnete sich die rheinisch-fränkische 389. Infanteriedivision unter Führung des Ritterkreuzträgers Generalleutnant Hahm durch Standhaftigkeit und Tapferkeit aus.
U.S. Navy Department (October 9, 1944)
Press Release
For Immediate Release
October 9, 1944
Joint Statement
The following joint Anglo‑American statement on submarine and antisubmarine operations is issued under the authority of the President and the Prime Minister:
During September there has been a lull in U-boat activity, which is possibly seasonal. This year, as last, the enemy may hope to renew his offensive in the autumn and may rely on new types of U‑boats to counter our present ascendancy. Shipping losses have been almost as low as in May 1944, the best month of the war. The rate of destruction of U‑boats in proportion to shipping losses remains satisfactory.
The U‑boat war, however, demands unceasing attention. Only the zeal and vigor of the Allied air and surface forces have procured the comparative safety of our shipping and the enemy’s scant success.
CINCPAC Communiqué No. 144
Units of the Pacific Fleet attacked Marcus Island on October 8 (West Longitude Date) and throughout the day subjected enemy installations and shore defenses to deliberate and destructive gunfire in good visibility. Considerable damage was inflicted and the greater part of the coast defense batteries were silenced. Buildings were hit and fires were started.
CINCPAC Communiqué No. 145
Elements of the 81st Infantry Division landed on Garakayo Island in the Southern Palau Islands on October 8 (West Longitude Date). A beachhead has been secured and patrols are advancing inland against light opposition. On Peleliu Island, Marines continued mopping-up operations in the vicinity of Bloody Nose Ridge. Elements of the 81st Infantry Division are continuing to clean up on Angaur. Corsair fighters of the Second Marine Aircraft Wing bombed Umurbrogol Mountain on October 8, strafed small craft in Ngatpang Bay and bombed fuel dumps and warehouses on Babelthuap Island. All of our aircraft returned.
Iwo Jima in the Volcano Islands was attacked on October 8 by 7th Air Force Liberators which bombed the airfield and adjacent installations. Six to eight enemy fighters intercepted our force and two of the fighters were shot down and two were damaged. Anti-aircraft fire was moderate.
On October 8, a single Navy search plane of Fleet Air Wing One shot down an enemy bomber while on routine patrol. On the same day, another Navy search plane bombed and damaged an enemy picket boat.
A lone Catalina search plane of Fleet Air Wing One sighted four small enemy ships near Iwo Jima on October 8. The largest of the four was bombed and strafed. A direct hit was scored seriously damaging the vessel.
During October 6, 7th Air Force Liberators bombed two small enemy cargo vessels northeast of Marcus Island and attacked targets on the enemy-held island on both October 6 and 7. The Liberators encountered meager antiaircraft fire. Other Liberators raided Wake Island on the night of October 6 and on October 8.
On October 7, the airstrip, radio station, buildings, beach defenses and other military installations on Pagan Island in the Marianas were bombed and rocketed. No anti-aircraft fire was met. One of our planes was shot down by antiaircraft fire over Rota Island on the same date.
Enemy‑held positions in the Marshall Islands were bombed on October 7.
The Pittsburgh Press (October 9, 1944)
‘BIG FOUR’ NATIONS REVEAL PLAN FOR LEAGUE TO ENSURE PEACE
Question of veto power over ‘aggressor’ still must be solved
Organization to be called ‘the United Nations;’ Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin may meet soon
Washington (UP) –
The Big Four nations, determined that “the sacrifices of this war shall not be in vain,” today unveiled a still-to-be-completed charter for a world peace organization backed by the armed might of its members and empowered to call on special air force units for “urgent military measures.”
The proposed organization would be called “the United Nations.” Briefly, it would consist of a policymaking General Assembly of all peace-loving nations, an economic and social council of 18 nations to deal with “humanitarian” aspects of international relations, a World Court of Justice and a Security Council of 11 nations – including the United States, Great Britain, Russia, China, and “in due course” France as permanent members – whose primary responsibility would be maintenance of peace through pacific, economic or military means.
The recommendations did not go into the vital matter of just how the Security Council would order “the United Nations’” military power into action in the event of a threat to peace.
Still to be resolved, presumably at “higher levels,” is the all-important issue of voting procedure in the Security Council if one of the permanent members should become a party to a dispute. The question to be answered is: Could such a member veto the decisions of the others?
“The United Nations” would not be merely an emergency organization to function only when world peace was jeopardizes by overt aggression. It would concern itself with fundamental economic, social and other “humanitarian” stresses and strains.
Control of armaments
It would also concern itself – through the Security Council – with plans for regulation of armaments so that international peace and security could be promoted “with the least diversion of the world’s human and economic resources for armaments.”
Individual members of “the United Nations” would contribute their air, naval and military strength according to criteria and procedures yet to be agreed upon.
The Security Council would direct the use of these forces through an international high command – “a military staff committee” – composed of staff representatives of the Council’s five permanent members.
Plan incomplete
The recommendations unveiled today were the fruit of the Dumbarton Oaks Conference attended here by representatives of the Big Four. Admittedly incomplete, they are proposals only. The governments represented at Dumbarton Oaks have agreed, however, to take steps “as soon as possible” to prepare “complete proposals” to serve “as a basis of discussion at a full United Nations conference.”
The next move may well be consideration of the proposals, and the resolution of problems left hanging at Dumbarton Oaks, by President Roosevelt, Premier Joseph Stalin and Prime Minister Winston Churchill at a meeting in the reasonably near future. The full United Nations conference would follow.
Diplomatic observers believe the three will meet after the Nov. 7 election – if Mr. Roosevelt wins the fourth-term race. If he is defeated, other plans would have to be made.
BRITISH LAND BEHIND NAZI LINE
Allies drive to clear path to Antwerp
Yanks closing trap around Aachen
By Virgil Pinkley, United Press staff writer
…
Third Fleet cripples Jap base on Marcus, 1,100 miles from Tokyo
All-day bombardment by Halsey’s warships spreads fire and ruin on island
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Nation stunned by Willkie’s sudden death
Heart attack fatal to 1940 candidate
New York (UP) –
The body of Wendell L. Willkie, the small-town Indiana boy who became a nationally-known corporation executive, a presidential candidate and, later, America’s most influential private citizen, lay in state at the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church today.
Thousands of his friends and political followers filed into the church to pay their final respects.
Mr. Willkie’s death of coronary thrombosis early yesterday came with a suddenness that stunned a nation which always had regarded the tousle-haired husky-voiced Hoosier as the epitome of health and vigor.
The reaction was spontaneous and swelled all day yesterday and today as thousands of telegrams of sympathy poured in from friends, supporters, political opponents and admirers in all walks of life.
Mrs. Willkie at bedside
Only 52, the former Republican standard-bearer entered the Lenox Hill Hospital for routine treatment of a stomach disorder Sept. 6, but had been seriously ill only since last Tuesday, when a streptococcic throat infection and a lung congestion developed.
His temperature soared to 104 degrees and then subsided, but his heart weakened under the strain. The last of three violent heart attacks was fatal at 2:20 a.m. yesterday. Mr. Willkie left her own sickbed and arrived at her husband’s side five minutes before his death.
Funeral services will be held at 3:00 p.m. tomorrow but the time of Mr. Willkie’s burial will be determined by the return of hid only son, Lt. (jg.) Philip Willkie, USNR, who is on convoy duty in the Atlantic. Mr. Willkie will be buried at Rushville, Indiana, only a few miles from the little frame house at Elwood, where he was born Feb. 18, 1892.
Lamented by Roosevelt, Dewey
Mr. Willkie’s death came less than a week after that of another great American political figure and presidential candidate, Alfred E. Smith, who deserted the Democratic standard in 1940 to support the Hoosier’s Republican bid for the Presidency.
President Roosevelt and Governor Thomas E. Dewey both lamented his passing.
In reading of those days, I realized the some of the American citizens truly believed the UNIONS were Communistic and their leadership anti-Constitution. I can remember my Father and Uncles (mid-60’s) sitting in the living room after Sunday dinners, talking of Communist trying to takeover. Uncle Ken was sure FDR was one of them and electing JFK was the next step. BY the 70’s I saw UNIONS helped us not hindered us. I feel Ike saved our Republic just by being there. The good-old days! Thanks for some great research on Dewey, that I never knew.
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You’re welcome 
It was pretty frustrating, however, with the lack of audio recordings (I’ve only found Frankie’s recordings) and having to sift through newspaper issue after newspaper issue to even get the full text of Dewey’s speeches, while Frankie’s speeches are easily available online.
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Many soldier votes may be challenged
Contests indicated in close races
By Robert Taylor, Pittsburgh Press staff writer
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania –
Wherever the civilian vote is close in the November elections in Pennsylvania, there is likelihood of a wholesale challenge of soldier votes, based on technicalities of the state soldier vote and election laws.
State election officials estimate that as many as 21,000 soldier votes – enough to decide some of the contests involved in the November election – will be invalidated because of irregularities in the preparation of the ballots by the fighting men who cast them.
The challenges are expected to occur chiefly in Congressional and legislative districts where the civilian vote is close and the soldier vote can decide the elections, but it could be intensified if the statewide vote is close.
Contested cases to courts
The decisions will be made by county election boards and, in contested cases, by the local courts. Thus far, the Attorney General and State Elections Bureau have given only informal, advisory opinions, leaving formal rulings to county officials.
In some cases, the state has already advised that soldier votes are invalid and should not be counted; in others, it has left the questions to the county officials to solve.
Throwing out ballots because of technical irregularities, in the absence of fraud, however, runs counter to a long line of federal and state court decisions which have held that where they voter indicates his intent, his right to vote is paramount.
Types of irregularities
According to estimates of state election officials, the invalidation of 21,000 soldier ballots would reduce the countable soldier vote in Pennsylvania to 150,000 – less than 20 percent of the state’s 800,000 men and women in the Armed Forces.
There are the types of irregularities already tabulated, or expected to be found:
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Execution of the soldier-voter’s oath by a noncommissioned officer, instead of a commissioned officer, as required by the Military Ballot Law.
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Failure of the officer to sign the jurat, or oath to the soldier-voter.
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Failure of the officer signing the jurat to state his rank.
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Evidence that military ballots have been opened and resealed by censors. Some countries plan to throw out such ballots on the ground secrecy of the ballot has been violated; others may accept them.
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Voting by a checkmark, instead of the required “X.”
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Excellent topic … Even today that specter looms over us in elections. Do soldiers vote count, or even our civilian mail-in votes? It is a worthwhile thought for research. WE want the results before going to bed, not tomorrow or the next day.
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