Yank skipper sees no need to worry
Manager McCarthy attributes losses on Western trip to breaks of game
By James P. Dawson
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Reconversion agency proposed by Murray
Senator would have Congress create overall group
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Food ceilings set on U.S. surpluses
Canned goods purchased from agencies get 1943 pack levels – other actions in day
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Supreme Court agrees to review ‘death sentence’ constitutionality
Tribunal will pass upon decision of federal appeals bench in engineers public service company case
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U.S. wool urged for foreign relief
Growers want legislation to bar imported fiber for reexport
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171 at West Point get silver wings
Gen. Harper tells cadet fliers of career ahead; class of 474 to be graduated today
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Broadcast, 9:00 a.m. EWT (CBS):
Broadcast, 9:00 a.m. EWT (NBC):
Broadcast, 9:27 a.m. EWT (CBS):
Broadcast, 9:30 a.m. EWT (NBC):
A Prayer For Our Troops from Kate Smith, 12:00 noon EWT (CBS):
Romance of Helen Trent, 12:30 p.m. EWT (CBS):
Broadcast, 12:45 p.m. EWT (CBS):
Report by Quincy Howe, 12:55 p.m. EWT (CBS):
John Daly, 1:00 p.m. EWT (CBS):
Reports from London, 1:00 p.m. EWT (NBC):
The Brooklyn Eagle (June 6, 1944)
Allies smash 9½ miles beyond French coast
Battle rages at Caen; our casualties ‘light’
By Virgil Pinkley
SHAEF, England (UP) –
U.S., British and Canadian invasion forces landed in northwestern France today, established beachheads in Normandy, and by evening had “gotten over the first five or six hurdles” in the greatest amphibious assault of all time.
The Allies are fighting in the town of Caen, nine and a half miles inside the French coast, Prime Minister Churchill said today.
Gen. Eisenhower’s Supreme Headquarters revealed the Allied armies, carried and supported by 4,000 ships and 11,000 planes, encountered considerably less resistance than had been expected in the storming of Adolf Hitler’s vaunted West Wall.
Nazi broadcasts reported Allied troops pouring ashore most of the day along a broad reach of the Norman coast and to the east, and admitted invasion landing barges had penetrated two estuaries behind the Atlantic Wall.
The apparent key to the lightness of the Nazi opposition to invasion forces opening the battle of Europe was contained in a disclosure that thousands of Allied planes dropped more than 11,200 tons of bombs on German coastal fortifications in eight and a half hours last night and early today.
As the massive Allied air fleets took complete command of the skies over the invasion zone, Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring issued an order of the day to his air force declaring the invasion “must be fought off, even if it means the death of the Luftwaffe.”
Late in the day, Prime Minister Churchill, making his second statement of the day to Commons, said the invasion was proceeding “in a thoroughly satisfactory manner.” Earlier he told Commons it was going “according to plan and what a plan!”
Simultaneously the German DNB News Agency reported the invasion front “has been further widened.” Nazi broadcasts throughout the day told of the amphibious assault developing on a grand scale, with fighting as deep as 10 miles inland – a figure apparently extended by the last enemy report.
Supreme Headquarters revealed late in the day that bad weather had forced a 24-hour postponement of the invasion. The Allied command gave the go-ahead order last night despite strong northwest winds and rain squalls when weather experts forecast improving conditions today. The weather was still somewhat unfavorable, however, impeding the support given the land armies by the air force.
Although detailed official reports were lacking as the tense first day wore towards a close, it was summed up by one source at headquarters in the words: “We have gotten over the first five or six hurdles.” The surmounted hurdles were described as:
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The German Air Force did little or no bombing of ports from which the invasion was mounted in the last critical days.
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Attacks on invasion convoys failed to reach the expected scale.
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Minesweepers succeeded in sweeping channels to the beaches without much opposition from shore batteries or from the air.
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The troops got ashore with less opposition from shore guns than was believed probable.
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Opposition was generally well below expectations; for instance, up to a certain time this morning, the German Air Force had flown only 30 battle area sorties.
Allied overall casualties appeared to have been relatively light. Headquarters announced they were light among airborne troops and “surprisingly small – very small” at sea.
The disembarkation went according to plan. Warships succeeded in silencing shore batteries and laying smokescreens on schedule. A U.S. battleship moved in much closer to shore than scheduled in order to silence a troublesome group of fortifications.
The minesweeping was described as the biggest and probably the most difficult operation of its kind ever attempted. Hundreds of sweepers headed the invasion fleets, clearing the water and marking channels.
The German DNB News Agency said this afternoon Allied landing barges had pushed into the estuaries of the Orne and Vire Rivers in the coastal stretch between Cherbourg and Le Havre “in the rear of the Atlantic Wall” – the vaunted defense line Hitler hoped would keep invaders off the soil of Germany.
Nazi broadcasters also acknowledged Allied tanks had cut several kilometers inland between the towns of Caen and Isigny, and admitted Allied penetrations ranging up to ten miles.
The British radio said at least two beachheads had been secured and that “Allied formations are advancing inland.” The German DNB News Agency acknowledged the Allies had put tanks ashore in at least one sector.
Some six hours after the first wave of U.S., British and Canadian assault forces landed by sea and air on the Normandy Peninsula, Prime Minister Churchill told Commons the invasion was proceeding “according to plan.”
One German broadcast reported fighting as much as 10 miles inland.
The commander of the army group now storming France was revealed to be Gen. Sir Bernard L. Montgomery, “Monty of El Alamein,” who led the famed British 8th Army all the way from the approaches to Alexandria, Egypt, to southern Italy. His command included U.S., British and Canadian troops.
German news agencies said Allied shock forces and paratroops landed along the north coast of the Normandy Peninsula – which juts out from France some 90-110 miles below the English south coast – all the way from the Cherbourg area at the northern tip to Le Havre at the mouth of the Seine, 110 miles northwest of Paris.
Airborne troops were landing deep inland on the peninsula, the official Nazi DNB Agency said, in an effort to seize a number of strategic airfields, cut off the Normandy Peninsula and capture Cherbourg, one of the two main ports for Paris.
Although the initial phase of the invasion was apparently confined to the Normandy coast of France, an Allied headquarters spokesman hinted operations may soon be extended to Holland and possibly to other countries in Western Europe.
The spokesman broadcast urgent instructions to the inhabitants of Holland to evacuate their coast to a depth of 21 miles immediately and to keep off highways, railways and bridges.
Bars speculation
Churchill said the battle which has now been joined “will grow constantly in scale and intensity for many weeks to come.” He said there were hopes that “tactical surprise has already been achieved.”
He said:
This vast plan is undoubtedly the most complicated and difficult that ever has occurred. It involves tides, wind, waves, visibility from both the air and the sea standpoints, and the combined employment of land, air and sea forces in the highest degree of intimacy.
We hope to furnish the enemy with a succession of surprises… I shall not speculate on the battle’s course, but this I may say – this complete unity prevails throughout the Allies’ armies.
The first official word that D-Day had finally arrived came at 9:32 a.m. (3:22 a.m. ET) when Gen. Eisenhower announced the opening of a long-awaited western front in a communiqué of only 26 words. It said:
Under the command of Gen. Eisenhower, Allied naval forces, supported by strong air forces, began landing Allied armies this morning on the northern coast of France.
Issues order of the day
To his land, sea and air forces, Eisenhower issued an order of the day pledging them to “bring about the destruction of the German war machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of occupied Europe and security for ourselves in a free world.”
Fliers report progress
The first waves of Allied assault troops pushed ashore at several points along the Normandy coast, between 6:00 and 8:15 a.m. (midnight and 2:15 a.m. ET) under a protective naval barrage of rockets and shells ranging up to 16 inches in diameter.
Allied fighter pilots returning from flights over the beachhead reported Allied infantrymen were scrambling up the shores at 7:00 a.m., apparently without heavy opposition in the early stages.
The principal German opposition at sea came from torpedo boats and destroyers, which, however, were hampered by a smokescreen thrown around the invasion armada by Allied vessels. Allied planes – Churchill said Eisenhower had 11,000 first-lines ones upon which to draw – ruled the skies virtually unchallenged.
The German DNB Agency acknowledged one of their vessels had been sunk in “violent fighting” in the Seine Estuary, but also claimed that an Allied cruiser and a large landing vessel loaded with troops had been sent to the bottom off the Normandy Peninsula.
Four air divisions reported
At least four Anglo-American airborne divisions have been observed between Le Havre and Cherbourg, another DNB broadcast said. The greater part of the landed paraunits, especially the British, can be considered annihilated, DNB said.
Allied headquarters announced some 200 Allied minesweepers manned by 10,000 officers and men were clearing the approaches to the invasion beaches. Churchill placed the total number of ships involved at 4,000, at least 1,000 greater than participated in the invasion of Sicily. In addition, Churchill said, thousands of smaller craft were taking part in the European landings.
The invasion came only one day after the fall of Rome to Allied armies in Italy and marked the second phase of the master plane to smash Nazi Germany into unconditional surrender, possibly this year. The third and final phase will be a Red Army offensive from the east.
Mrs. Eisenhower sleeps as invasion is flashed
West Point, New York (UP) –
Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower was asleep this morning when the communiqué announcing the invasion was issued from her husband’s headquarters, friends said today.
The general’s wife declined to comment. She was at West Point to see her 22-year-old son John graduate today.
Young Eisenhower, who is said to be “in the middle of his class” scholastically, is in the infantry, and will be commissioned a second lieutenant. A graduate of Stadium High School at Tacoma, Washington, and a Washington, DC, preparatory school, he is a member of the cadet choir, the Glee Club, and was formerly manager of the tennis team. Gen. Eisenhower graduated from West Point in 1915.
11,200-ton lead softens up foe before invasion
7,500 Allied planes hammer enemy guns studding the Channel
By Walter Cronkite
London, England (UP) –
Thousands of Allied bombing planes softened up the defenses of Western Europe for the Anglo-American invasion armies last night and early today, dropping more than 11,200 tons of high explosives on the Nazi coastal fortifications in eight and a half hours of furious attack.
The roar of bursting bombs and the motors of attacking fighter planes rolled back across the narrow Straits of Dover incessantly from midnight until 8:00 a.m. (local time) as some 7,500 Allied planes hammered at the network of enemy gun emplacements studding the Channel coast.
By midmorning, the Allied air fleets had swept the skies clear of Nazi planes, and fighters were racing as far as 75 miles inland without drawing a challenge from the battered Luftwaffe.
More than 2,300 U.S. and British heavy bombers spearheaded the great sky fleet, crashing an estimated 7,000 tons or more of bombs on the enemy’s beachhead defenses. Another 4,200 tons were dropped by tactical air forces.
It was the heaviest attack ever hurled against a single objective, and all reports indicated that the mighty barrage had all but beaten the Nazi forts into submission before the ground assault began.
A sky-filling parade of British four-engined heavies, 1,300 strong, opened the mighty assault at 11:30 p.m., thundering out in continuous waves until daybreak. The black-winged raiders struck in 10 separate formations of 100 or more planes each and spewed well over 5,000 tons of high explosives across the Nazi coastal forts.
At dawn, 1,000 U.S. Flying Fortresses and Liberators took up the attack sweeping out over the heads of the thousands of Allied assault troops moving on to the French coast.
Wave upon wave of U.S. and Allied medium bombers and fighter bombers followed the heavies across bombing and machine-gunning the beachheads and communications behind the battle area.
Air opposition over the French interior was described as slight. There was no immediate announcement on Allied plane losses.
WAR BULLETINS!
Adm. King: Invasion ‘doing all right’
Washington (UP) –
Adm. Ernest J. King, commander of the U.S. Fleet, said after a conference with President Roosevelt today that the invasion of Europe is “doing all right so far.”
Channel battle reported by Germans
London, England (UP) –
The German Transocean News Agency said today that a battle was in progress in the English Channel north of Le Havre between German naval units and Allied forces attempting to make a landing.
See Red drive before weekend
London, England (UP) –
Military observers said today a general Russian offensive coordinated with the Anglo-American attack from the west may be launched within the next 48 hours and almost certainly will begin before the weekend.
Russians celebrate Allied landing
Moscow, USSR (UP) –
News of the Allied landing in France spread swiftly throughout Russia today and touched off enthusiastic demonstrations such as rarely have been seen since the war began. Soviet war marches, “Yankee Doodle” and the triumphal music reserved for Stalin’s victory orders followed the announcement.
Berlin: Allies hold firm bridgeheads
Radio Berlin, monitored by NBC, has admitted bridgeheads between Le Havre and Boulogne are now firmly in Allied hands. The Berlin radio added the Allies have landed heavy armament on the beachheads.
Naval guns bombard French beaches
London, England (UP) –
More than 640 naval guns, ranging from four-inch to 16-inch, are bombarding the French beaches and enemy strongpoints in support of the Allied armies, Allied Supreme Headquarters announced today.
Allies suffer heavy reverses, Nazis claim
London, England (UP) –
The German High Command in its first invasion communiqué today said Allied forces suffered “particularly heavy reverses” in the Caen area of northern France and claimed that an entire regiment of paratroopers was destroyed in that sector.
Nazis report 80 Allied warships in the Orne
London, England (UP) –
The German Transocean News Agency said today that about 80 medium-sized Allied warships were approaching the town of Ouistreham in the estuary of the Orne River.
OWI warns against German broadcasts
Washington (UP) –
Americans were warned today by Director Elmer Davis of the OWI that despite the Germans’ accuracy in announcing the invasion prior to the official Allied communiqué, German broadcasts should not be relied on in the future.
Pershing confident of victory
Washington (UP) –
Gen. John J. Pershing, who led U.S. troops to victory in World War I, called on his countrymen today to share his “every confidence” that American manhood again “will win through to victory” in their second great contest on Western European soil.
Nazis: Allied warship afire in Seine
London, England (UP) –
The German Transocean News Agency said today that a large Allied warship had been set ablaze in the Seine estuary by artillery fire.
More Allied troops landed, Germans report
London, England (UP) –
The German news agency DNB said today the allies had landed “further reinforcements” by sea and air in the Seine estuary.
Nazis admit Allied grip on French isles
London, England (UP) –
The German Transocean News Agency acknowledged today that the Allies had gained footholds on several islands off the coast of France.
German artillery opens up with salvoes
London, England (UP) –
German coastal artillery in France opened up with salvoes across the Channel soon after noon today, shaking towns in Southeast England.
Not one Nazi coastal gun firing
An NBC reporter, who flew over 20 miles of the invasion coast this morning, reports that “not a single German coastal gun was firing in the entire invasion zone,” indicating that we have completely knocked out the initial line of defenses of the much-vaunted Atlantic Wall.
Allied airborne toll light, leaders say
London, England (UP) –
Casualties among Allied airborne troops in France have been light, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Forces announced today.
President calls Army, Navy chiefs for a council of war in capital
Washington (UP) –
President Roosevelt summoned top Army and Navy chiefs to the White House today for an invasion conference and prepared to lead the nation in a prayer he wrote last night as the Allied armada moved across the English Channel to France.
Mr. Roosevelt called in Gen. George C. Marshall (Army Chief of Staff), Adm. Ernest J. King (Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Fleet) and Gen. H. H. Arnold (commander of the Army Air Forces).
Meanwhile, reports poured into the White House from the War and Navy Departments on progress of the invasion.
In his prayer, which the President will deliver at 10:00 p.m. EWT – and in which he asked the nation to join – Mr. Roosevelt asked for divine battle strength “to conquer the apostles of greed and racial arrogance.”
‘We shall prevail’
The President’s prayer said:
With Thy blessing, we shall prevail over the unholy forces of our enemy.
Lead us to the saving of our country, and with our sister nations into a world-unity that will spell a sure peace – a peace invulnerable to the schemings of unworthy men. And a peace that will let all men live in freedom, reaping the just rewards of their honest toil. Thy will be done, Almighty God.
White House Secretary Early said Mr. Roosevelt began writing the prayer several days ago. He completed it, Early said, last night after he delivered his radio “fireside chat.” He was sitting in his bedroom at that time receiving telephonic reports on progress of the invasion, Early said.
The prayer was made public hours in advance of the President’s broadcast tonight in order that it might be printed in newspapers during the day so the people would know it and could say it with the President in their homes tonight.
House hears prayer
At the request of Speaker Sam Rayburn, the prayer was read in the House of Representatives when it convened today. The first copy of the prayer after it was transcribed from the President’s own handwritten copy was sent by special motorcycle messenger to the Capitol.
The President will have his first opportunity to discuss the invasion publicly when he meets at 4:00 p.m. with his regular press and radio conference.
Acting Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius Jr., meanwhile, said this is not the time for rejoicing but the time for everyone at home “to put everything he has into his job to speed the day of victory.”
Early told reporters the President’s fireside chat discussion last night about the capture of Rome had the effect of a psychological diversion. The Germans and others undoubtedly listened to it with interest, he said, and replied “I think you might call it that” when a reporter asked if it was a psychological diversion.
Mr. Roosevelt, in his talk last night, had warned that victory over Germany “will be tough and costly.” People in the capital recalled the somber warning when they awakened to discover that the long-awaited invasion had begun.
Roosevelt slumbers as D-Day news breaks
Washington (UP) –
When the invasion came early today, President Roosevelt was sound asleep and the White House was quiet except for a message center through which came official reports of last-minute developments.
Being one of the few persons in Washington who knew exactly when the invasion would occur, the President retired early in the evening after his radio broadcast, but was undoubtedly up early canvassing the latest official dispatches.
Boro millions pray, rejoice or work grimly
Church bells announce news; courts open with brief ceremony
George C. Tilyou, head of Steeplechase Park, Coney Island, said, “The park will be closed today. This is not a day for amusement.”
Brooklyn’s millions greeted news of the invasion today with prayer, with some restrained jubilation and with work.
Men and women gathered in churches, in stores, in shops and factories and courtrooms and prayed for victory and the safe conduct of sons and brothers and husbands through their ordeal by fire on the soil of France. And often the eyes were moist while lips moved in prayer.
Church bells announced the invasion news and almost every church had planned invasion services.
Every Supreme Court part in Brooklyn and Long Island was adjourned until tomorrow, by direction of the Appellate Division. The five County Judges in Brooklyn, after a brief ceremony at noon which included a minute of silent prayer adjourned for the day. Most of the lesser courts also adjourned.
The Brooklyn Hebrew Home and Hospital for the Aged, 813 Howard Avenue, instituted a fast day, along with prayers for the success of the invasion.
Don prayer shawls
News of the invasion reached the institution very early and spread quickly among the 640 elderly inmates. At 5:45 a.m., 15 of the elderly men donned prayer shawls, and carrying shofar, or ram’s horn trumpet – normally blown only twice a year, on the two High Holy Days – paraded through the neighborhood streets, summoned the people to Invasion Day services at the adjoining synagogue. More than 1,000 persons crowded the synagogue hall when prayers for success of the invasion began, at 7:00 a.m. ET.
The sports world marked the day in its own way. The Dodgers-Philadelphia night game at Ebbets Field tonight, the only baseball game in the metropolitan area today, was called off. So were all horse races, not only in the New York area, but throughout the country, except for one racetrack in California. Prize fights scheduled for MacArthur Stadium tonight were put off to tomorrow.
Night war workers were the first in Brooklyn to get word of the invasion… Some wondered, skeptically, if it wasn’t another false report… Some prayed… Some shouted with release of tension long restrained… Many turned grimly back to their worn benches, determined to give the enemy not one moment of time lost.
In the Brooklyn Navy Yard, the borough’s hugest war industry, thousands were at work at 4:30 when a voice broke in abruptly over the loudspeaker system: “The invasion has begun!”
Spontaneously, as if by prearranged signal, workers stood up for a moment of silent prayer, returned at once to their work.
At the Bethlehem Steel yards, the chattering radio interrupted a night music program with the first news of invasion at 4:00 a.m. ET. There was a shouted “hurray!” and then, over the sprawling yards, men in overalls, men holding tools in their hands, stood beside their workplaces while their lips moved in solemn prayer.
At the Bendix Aviation Corporation plants, the first report was the definite and official word from Gen. Eisenhower’s headquarters. And here the men simply bent to their jobs. Said a head timekeeper who had watched the phenomenon:
Nobody stopped. You could hear remarks like, “We’ll clean up the Nazis then get to work on the Japs.” But everyone agreed the best way to help the boys who were going through hell over there was to keep on working.
At the Sperry Gyroscope Company, 40 Flatbush Avenue Extension, some of the night workers declined to believe the first reports as the radio doled them out at 4 o’clock. Then a foreman telephoned, came back with the report that yes, this time it was true. The invasion was on. The men went back to their jobs, worked silently and without interruption.
At the Frederick Loeser store on Fulton shortly after it opened at 9:00 a.m., the entire store personnel gathered on the street floor and, led by Capt. M. M. Witherspoon, chaplain of the 3rd Naval District, joined in prayer for the success of the invasion, the safety of the men in the invading legions.
Capt. Witherspoon read the prayer of Gen. Clark on the eve of the entry into Rome, and then Gen. Eisenhower’s pre-invasion prayer. Then he pronounced his own prayer that God teach us to “catch the spirit this day of the sacrifice by our boys overseas.” Several hundred customers waited in a roped-off area until the employees could return to their normal duties.
Early this afternoon, storekeepers up and down Kings Highway closed their stores and joined with other residents in an open-air invasion rally in Joyce Kilmer Square, Kings Highway and East 12th Street. Clergymen of every denomination led in prayers.
In the Midwood section, the neighborhood merchants held a similar mass meeting at Avenue and East 14th Street. Prayers were offered by Rabbi M. J. Mintz.
At the Wheeler Shipyards, Cropsey Avenue, and Coney Island Creek, several hundred workers joined in a brief prayer service.
There was an outdoor prayer service by the men of the Naval Receiving Barracks, Flushing and Vanderbilt Avenues, at 8:00 a.m. Civilian passersby paused and stood at a strict attention.
The Brooklyn Jewish Center, 667 Eastern Parkway, it was announced, will hold D-Day services at 8:30 p.m.
Alfred B. Auerhaan, safety director of the Arma Corporation, announced that Arma employees responded to the invasion news by 300 of them offering to visit the Red Cross Blood Donor Center, 57 Willoughby Street, and donating a pint of blood each. That will bring Arma employees’ total to more than 1,000 pints since Jan. 1 – a record equaled or exceeded only by the Brooklyn Navy Yard.
Person riding on the subway trains readily spoke to perfect strangers today when the subject was the invasion. Many said that, recalling the false armistice of the last war and how quickly it was followed by the real armistice, suspected that the unauthorized Associated Press report of the invasion Sunday “meant something.”
Employees of the Borough President’s office were given two hours off about noon today for Invasion Day prayers. The majority visited churches but a few visited their homes during the work intermission.
U.S. planes slash Jap defenses in Schouten sector
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Senators propose own probe of Jap sneak attack
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Small: Sees troops landing under shell canopy
By Collie Small
With a Marauder formation over the invasion coast, France (UP) –
No-man’s-land is 5,000 feet below.
It’s somewhere between the grey, Channel-washed beaches on which Allied troops are swarming from their landing barges and the brown fields beyond. The wink of gun flashes in the half-light of dawn in those fields came from Germans fighting the invasion.
My aerial grandstand seat is in a Marauder piloted by 1st Lt. Carl Oliver of Sacramento, California, a part of an unending stream of Allied aircraft, ranging from fighters to heavies, which is streaming across the Channel to support the infantry assault.
Five thousand feet is one of the lowest altitudes the medium bombers have ever bombed from in this theater but we chance the German flak to pinpoint our targets.
As we wheel off the targets and streak back toward the Channel, dawn streaks the eastern sky. Peering down I can see our troops scrambling ashore under a canopy of shells hurled over their heads by warships in a harbor that dents the shoreline.
In the half-light we can see the flashes from German shore batteries all along the coastline and inside the harbor.
We know that it must be a disjoined and disorganized defense, for, right in this section, American paratroops floated down earlier to soften up Germans for the great armada crossing the Channel.
By now, as we across the white-capped Channel, we have a bridge of ships from England to France. They range from mighty battlewagons down to tiny, gnat-like PT boats and include all manner of transports and landing craft.
Some of the landing craft plough through the swell leaving a thin, white wake. Others have arrived off the appointed shore and appear to be just waiting.
From the cockpit of this Marauder, no-man’s-land is an eerie strip of dimly-lit coastline and fields which show dull green and brown as the first rays of the sun slant upon them. We can see the puffs of bombs and shells falling in it as the German batteries duel with the long rifles of Allied warships offshore.
‘They can’t stop us’ is the watchword as invasion opens
By Sandor S. Klein
Washington (UP) –
An American sergeant, packing concentrated destruction, peered into the darkness toward France and said, “They can’t stop us.”
His four words, from an “invasion front” dispatch to the War Department, were uttered as the greatest military operation of history began “very quietly and without tension” from a small British town whose inhabitants had little idea that anything unusual was going on.
From this town, the War Department dispatch said, the liberation of Nazi Europe “began in a small way” as assault troops – relieved of practically everything but weapons – walked calmly aboard their blunt-nosed landing craft “without attracting the slightest bit of attention.”
Thus started what in a matter of hours became a roaring, flaming, crashing inferno as the battle was joined on the northern coast of France and Allied airplanes swarmed against any targets, however small, which might have “a bearing on the strength of the armies…”
The men had been briefed carefully. They knew exactly what their mission was. At the last moment, the War Department dispatch said, they were relieved of “practically everything except their arms and ammunition.”
Picked Yanks spearhead attack, blast way through vaunted wall
Washington (UP) –
Specially trained, picked assault teams of the U.S. Army made the initial attack on Fortress Europe, knocking out pillboxes and other fortifications of the vaunted Atlantic Wall, the War Department said today.
Putting to use tactics perfected in North Africa, Sicily and Italy, the assault units hit the beach under cover of heavy naval and artillery fire.
These units, actually infantrymen, were given special training to spearhead the massive assault. These men were equipped with special engineer weapons.
Preparation for the assault was provided by artillery, by naval guns, by air bombardment and by waterproof tanks firing hull-down in the water.
The purpose of this is not only to knock out pillboxes but to tear up the enemy’s field of fire by providing shell craters as cover for attacking units.
First men clear mines
Each assault section is composed of 30 men – one officer, and 29 G.I. Joes. This is the capacity of the assault boats, and it is also the most convenient size unit for a single pillbox.
It is the job of the first men ashore to locate the mines, and mark safe lanes with special tracing strips. As part of this operation, the wire itself must be cut, and American soldiers have an efficient weapon for this purpose.
It is the Bangalore torpedo, which comes in long sections capable of being made into any length necessary, depending upon the depth of the barbed wire.
One member of the assault team, under cover of small arms, fixes the Bangalore, sets the fuse, and ducks for cover. The torpedo explodes with a terrific blast, blowing a wide swath through the wire. The other members of the team follow through the wire and move up the beach.
Composed of seven teams
An assault section is composed of seven separate teams of varying sizes, beginning with the riflemen who build up a line of fire to protect the others.
They are followed by wire cutters who clear out wire not blown by the Bangalores. Next in line is the Browning automatic rifle team, whose mission is to deliver fire on portholes of the emplacement and keep the heads of the enemy down.
Then there is the next team – the gunners, firing the famous bazooka rockets. Their mission is to attack the pillbox and aperture to silence enemy fire.
The climax of the entire operation is played by the soldier with flamethrower and the man with the demolition charge. These are engineer weapons, but the infantrymen have become proficient in their use.
‘Pole charges’ do trick
The final assault is accomplished by the demolition men, equipped with what are known as “pole charges.”
The “pole charge” is a device resembling an ordinary bricklayer’s hod, and upon it is placed a block of TNT. The purpose of this design is to enable the demolition men to lean the charge against the pillbox aperture.
As soon as the pillbox blows up, the entire section moves forward for another attack. During a landing operation, these tactics are repeated by many squads along a considerable front.
Editorial: Our job at home is to match spirit of the invading forces
American soldiers, the sons, brothers, husbands and friends of all of us, have at last hurled themselves against Hitler’s Europe, where they will fight it out with the Nazi armies for the cause of world freedom.
They are united with the British in an undertaking which is recognized as the most difficult in military history and one which could not succeed unless it had been planned with care and skill and driven forward with irresistible might.
It will end triumphantly, however, because of the certainty that it is being directed brilliantly, that every essential element of power has been provided and that the men of all ranks will bring to their task a high order of resourcefulness and courage.
Naturally, the hopes and the fears and the pride of all Americans go out in these hours of terror and of trial to the men who swarm upon the beaches of Europe behind a curtain of fire from guns on the ships and from bombers, and who make their way forward through a veritable inferno to their objective.
No one at home can visualize the scene. Attempts to describe it must necessarily be feeble and futile. It will bring a test of human valor against all of the genius and the cunning that have gone into the Nazis’ long preparation to meet the challenge of this day – a challenge which involves their survival.
The German soldier dies hard. This much must be conceded to him. He mans his gun to the last and goes down fighting. The invaders know this as they start on the long road to the Reich and to the gleaming goal of peace.
Our job at home, now that the suspense is ended and the battle is in progress, is to capture as much as we can of the spirit which the soldier brings to his rendezvous with history. This is a stern mood, one which precludes baseless hopes and delusions, which takes into account the strength of the enemy, also his vulnerability. It is a spirit of quiet confidence, of dogged determination, with little passion. Nor is there anything in this deadly enterprise that even vaguely resembles glamor.
The soldiers on the beaches realize, of course, that this is a job that has to be done and they are bent on doing it well, regardless of the cost. Half a world away, they are setting the tone for the home front – a tone influenced by faith that whatever they give to the cause of victory during these next few months as the tide of battle sweeps in from the Channel and the sea and over tine continent toward the Reich will be worthwhile.
These young men are fighting for old ideals and old rights. It is not enough to be with them in spirit as they struggle forward. Unless those who remain at home work tirelessly and endure bravely, they will fall short of being worthy of those who represent them on the churned, blighted battlefields of the world.
Heffernan: Bricker or Dewey – which?
Governor John W. Bricker of Ohio concluded his address the Conference of Governors with these words:
The strength of America stems from the practice of representative government in the towns, the cities, the counties and the states of this nation. When state and local governments become paralyzed, the door is open to totalitarianism and every form of demagogy. When local responsibility is destroyed, citizenship atrophies and dies. But when state and local governments flourish, when men and women practice representative government and exercise home rule, the foundations of the Republic are secure. The more the history of the Republic is written at the crossroads and the less at the Capitol, the freer we shall be.
Mr. Bricker’s immediate predecessor on the platform was his rival for the Republican presidential nomination, Governor Dewey of New York. Mr. Dewey had also stressed the desirability of strong state and local governments.
As I read both these addresses, each delivered by a statesman in whose hands may soon rest the destiny of our nation, a memory came to me. Where had words of the same import and in some instances very similar form been uttered before and by whom? In the capital of this state, and by Franklin D. Roosevelt, then – as now is Mr. Dewey – Governor of New York. Then, as now is Mr. Dewey, an aspirant for the Presidency.
And it occurred to me that among men of high ambition the desire often existed to have the seat of power wherever they may be themselves located. It is perhaps natural. So with this in mind, as a seeker for my own candidate for the Presidency, I studied carefully the two addresses. For I wanted to find a man in whom this feeling would be fundamental, as it was, let us say, in Thomas Jefferson, and would govern his actions when he had ascended from the Chief Magistracy of a state to that of the Republic. Would Mr. Dewey, who ran for the District Attorneyship and used it as a stepping-stone and the echo of whose declaration that he was resolved to serve four years in the Governorship is still on the air, hold true to the views now expressed, if he succeeded Franklin Roosevelt?
Or would John Bricker, who after three splendid terms in the Governorship of Ohio voluntarily surrendered the certainty of another successive term in order to seek the Republican nomination for the Presidency, hold fast should his ambition be gratified?
I think Bricker rings true. And, as one of those Americans who found themselves four years ago without a candidate and are again threatened with a Hobson’s choice, I hope Mr. Bricker will be the nominee.