Allied infantry hurls back Nazi attack near Cassino
By Reynolds Packard, United Press staff writer
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Yank ace ties fighter record
Capt. Robert Johnson downs 27th Nazi
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Deshon man gets Medal of Honor
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Roosevelt ends his vacation in Southland
Ready to defend seizure of Ward’s
By Merriman Smith, United Press staff writer
Washington –
President Roosevelt, rested and eager for government tasks after four weeks in South Carolina, waded into his White House deskwork today ready to defend his seizure of Montgomery Ward & Co.
He returned to Washington by train yesterday from Hobcaw Barony, Bernard M. Baruch’s 23,000-acre seacoast plantation near Georgetown, South Carolina.
His vacation was one of sunbathing, much sleep and poor fishing. White House physician VAdm. Ross T. McIntire was enthusiastic over his patient’s recuperation.
Confers with leaders
The first major White House business today was a conference with Democratic Congressional leaders – the Big Four.
Speaker Sam Rayburn, House Majority Leader John W. McCormack (D-MA), Senate Majority Leader Alben W. Barkley (D-KY), and Vice President Henry A. Wallace attended the conference and Mr. Barkley later said that the President “recommended no new legislation.”
Adm. McIntire said Mr. Roosevelt was in “perfectly fine” health and, in his opinion, had thrown off all traces of the bronchial and sinus irritations which plagued him through the winter and early spring.
Hull meets him
Hardly had the special presidential train stopped rolling yesterday morning than Secretary of State Cordell Hull went abroad Mr. Roosevelt’s car to welcome him home. Mr. Hull rode with the President to the White House. They had an opportunity to canvass some of the more pressing international problems.
The President came home to a turbulent labor situation and before the week is out, he will probably have something to say on the complicated situation arising from government seizure of Montgomery Ward, an action already under Congressional investigation.
In the field of foreign affairs, he scheduled early conferences with Under Secretary of State E. R. Stettinius Jr., just back from London, and Ambassador W. Averell Harriman, who was a surprise arrival last week from his post in Moscow.
Health ‘perfectly fine’
Adm. McIntire declined to answer when asked whether, should the President decide to run for reelection, he is physically ready for a political campaign.
The doctor did say Mr. Roosevelt’s health was “perfectly fine” and that he was going to check his personal observations against medical science by giving the President a thorough physical examination within a few days. That probably will be at the Naval Medical Center at Bethesda, Maryland.
This was the longest actual vacation the President has taken since entering the White House. Mr. Roosevelt left Washington April 8.
In the draft –
Men over 26 get reprieve until Oct. 1
Army to delay call of older men
By John Troan
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I DARE SAY —
Prophecy
By Florence Fisher Parry
There are great men, granite men, today. There must be, else how could the great miracle of our war production and invasion preparation astound the world and provide history its most miraculous page?
Yet when we look around us to single out the giants, we find that they are hard to find. Their single stature does not tower above the others; rather are we struck by the aggregate strength, the aggregate stature.
We look at our Supreme Court and we find there, not the great jurists of the past, but rather a duplication of any average group of 12 men that could be assembled from any town’s or city’s leading citizens. We look at the men in the President’s Cabinet, and their faces no not strike us as being marked by an unusual statesmanship; nor is the composite face of our Congress much different than that of any man who is rated a factor in his community.
Today I read an editorial that was written by one of the giants of 40 years ago. He was called “the Horace Greeley of the West.” He was indeed the West’s pioneer editor. He founded and built The Portland Oregonian, and during the years of his custodianship, more great truths, prophecies and warnings were to be found in the editorials he wrote than in any that have been penned since by one man.
I want you to read this editorial written March 16, 1901 (43 years ago), by Harvey W. Scott. It is called “Industry’s Immortal Foe.”
The threat
Here it is, in part:
What is the goal toward which the unions are tending with their strenuous effort to destroy competition? The only way to answer this question is to consider what competition has done for the world; and what competition has done for the world is simply everything.
All that has been done came through struggle, has been built up through struggle, which alone gives strength. In the fight is developed valor, in the battle of 10 for the subsistence that suffice for only five, are the weak and inefficient eliminated. Do we want ease? The only path thither lies over the rough rocks of acquisition and denial.
What gave New England its leadership in American achievement but its fierce winters and stony soil and enforced vigilance against king and savage? What made England great at sea but the hostile fleets that menaced her isolated island’s very existence? What has given us modern electrical appliances of power and light but the pressure of competing interests upon inventors? What but the fierce rivalry of opposing camps has perfected telegraphy, and steel manufacture, and coal production, and goldmining processes, the texture of our fabrics, the attractiveness of our newspapers, the appointment of trains and steamships, the convenience and endurance of our buildings, the excellence of the very clothes we wear and the food we eat?
Oracle
Is one man more expert than another? Then shall he join the union, do no more work than his lazy mate, and earn no more pay? Is one factory better equipped than another? Then shall it run fewer hours or close up altogether? Has one railroad a shorter line than its rival? Then shall it run on slower schedule? Is one superintendent more deft than another in dealing with his men? Then shall he deliver his authority over to an employer’s association, that all may share alike?
Socialism is in the air. It has conquered the ranks of labor and permeated the schools of learning, and now it marches on the erstwhile citadel of individualism, the captains of industry. They may not succeed, but if they succeed, they will fail, and in the crash of that failure will go down the most colossal ruin of human history. In the day that the competitive system is thrown away, our doom is sealed.
Without incentive, ambition will die away. Without rivalry, exertion loses its point. We shall fall to a dead level of mediocrity, the props will be withdrawn. The great machine will revolve a whole of its own accumulated momentum, and then it will stop.
And upon the ruins of what is left the survivors will erect another system, still imperfect, no doubt, but purged of this insidious error of socialism. Through some such dread experience as this we may have to pass, for Nature will make her lessons understood, at whatever cost is necessary, to those who would set her at defiance.
The process of creation is not to be reversed because some of the participants are tired of the struggle!
Thus spoke a prophet 43 years ago. What eloquence would have been his today!
New strikes develop as 3 are ended
Detroit, San Francisco areas hardest hit
By the United Press
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Ward workers vote on union tomorrow
Injunction petition ruling due Wednesday
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Informational tax returns of unions go by board
Washington raises questioning eye at failure of administration to put law into effect
By Phelps Adams, North American Newspaper Alliance
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All 48 governors may attend parley
Hershey, Pennsylvania (UP) –
The unprecedented situation of all 48 state governors being brought together for a study of problems facing the nation was foreseen today.
Headquarters of the 36th annual U.S. Conference of Governors, meeting here and at the State Capitol, May 28-31, announced that 45 chief executives have already decided to come.
The governors will be given an opportunity to question Bernard Baruch, advisor of the War Mobilization Office, on his plan for post-war industrial reconversion. Mr. Baruch will be a guest at a May 30 round at the capitol.
A highlight will be Memorial Day ceremonies on the Civil War battlefield at nearby Gettysburg. Addresses will be delivered by Governors Leverett Saltonstall of Massachusetts and J. Melville Broughton of North Carolina, representing the “Old North” and the “Old South” respectively.
At regular sessions here, Governors Thomas E. Dewey of New York and John W. Bricker of Ohio, prominently mentioned possibilities for GOP presidential nomination, will speak. Mr. Dewey will talk on “organizing the states for the future,” and Mr. Bricker will discuss “A Tax and Fiscal Policy.”
Other speakers will include Governor Earl Warren of California, keynoter of the Republican National Convention, whose conference topic will be “Industrial Reconversion.”
Court’s primary ruling stands
Texas denies review of Negro voting
Washington (UP) –
The Supreme Court today refused to reconsider its recent decision that Negroes are entitled under the Constitution to cast ballots in state primaries – a ruling which has provoked widespread criticism throughout the South.
The reconsideration was requested by Texas, the state involved in the original decision, and the two Houston election judges who were defendants in the suit. Democratic Party leaders in Texas and several other Southern states have said they plan to find some means of barring Negroes from voting in primaries.
The high court today agreed to review lower court decisions in three other cases of general interest, and announced that it will adjourn its 1943-44 term May 29. It will sit on each of the next three Mondays, but only to hand down decisions.
The cases which the court agreed to review in the fall:
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The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York decision in the government’s antitrust suit against the Associated Press, holding that the AP must modify its bylaws with respect to admission of new members. The high court noted “probable jurisdiction” in the government’s cross-appeal for a stronger injunction against the AP, as well as in the AP’s appeal that the lower decree be set aside.
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The Western Union Telegraph Company’s appeal for reversal of a Southern New York U.S. District Court decision that it must not employ messengers under 16 years of age. Calling attention to the importance of its telegraphic service to the war effort, the firm said, “If forbidden to fill gaps in the ranks of younger boys, the present delays will be accentuated and prolonged.”
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The legal efforts of Mitsuye Endo, a 22-year-old American of Japanese ancestry, to obtain release from a War Relocation Authority center at Camp Newell, California. She contended she was being deprived of her constitutional rights even though she has been classified as a “loyal” U.S. citizen.
Stokes: South may delay giving Negroes vote in primary
South Carolina leads way by abolishing preliminary elections; others may follow
By Thomas L. Stokes, Scripps-Howard staff writer
Atlanta, Georgia –
The South is in a ferment over the Supreme Court’s mandate that Negroes must be allowed, under the Constitution, to vote in Democratic primary elections from which they hitherto have been barred by laws making those elections exclusively “white” primaries.
The court’s decision, specifically applicable to the Texas “white primary” law, invalidates similar statutes in other Southern states which kept Negroes from participating in the only elections in the South which count – the primaries. Because of the lack of a strong second party, primary nomination is tantamount to election.
No clear, South-wide program of action yet has evolved. A majority of the people have adopted an attitude of passive resistance.
South Carolina leads off
South Carolina has led off, as in pre-Civil War days, with enactment of a doctrine of nullification by stripping from its statutes all authorization for primaries. All this done in a bitter atmosphere and with cries of “white supremacy.” A convention system will be instituted, with Negroes excluded.
This pattern may be followed elsewhere. Meanwhile, until a decision is reached on procedure, it is obvious that dilatory tactics will be pursued. It is likely that in some cases Negroes who try to vote in remaining primaries will be challenged. This will only postpone, for the Supreme Court has decided.
The convention system, itself, will inevitably be tested before the Supreme Court.
South at crossroads
This pattern of resistance appears now the probable course unless the South should be prevailed upon by a minority which is yet small and lacks substantial organization, but numbers some courageous and influential people.
This minority seeks the Supreme Court decision as the long-awaited opportunity for the Deep South to stir itself; break its ancient chains of tradition, and boldly take the first step. It holds that those Southern states should accept the decision without further legal to-do.
Some among this minority feel the South has reached a crossroads, that the Texas case may be comparable in its ultimate effects to the Dred Scott decision, that another movement for race freedom, like that which led to the abolition of slavery, is slowly gathering momentum, and that the South might as well accept it and accommodate its thinking to it.
Alert to opportunity
Negro leaders in the South are alert to their opportunity and are active to take advantage of it.
Campaigns of registration of Negroes are going on under the prodding of Negro newspapers, Negro schoolteachers, Negro ministers. In Atlanta, the aim is to get 15,000 Negroes on the books for the July 4 primary. It is doubtful that the total will be anything like that large. Negroes are busy registering in South Carolina.
The objective in South Carolina is to vote, in a separate Negro Democratic party, in the November election. Negroes can vote in the regular election.
This Negro registration has alarmed the whites. A negligible vote is cast in South Carolina in the regular election – 12,000 two years ago – so that the whites are compelled to take precautions that they won’t be outvoted.
Japs launch counterdrive near Kohima
British hold firm in eastern India
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Chinese to yield railroad line
Jap troops gain from north, south
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Japs may try last stand on home islands
British see change in Tokyo’s plans
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Super-carriers to batter Japs
Two 45,000-tonners to be ready in 1945
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Editorial: Welcome back, Mr. President!
The nation is happy over the President’s return to Washington after a month of richly earned vacation. He is reported tanned and rested.
During the winter and early spring, he suffered from the recurrent influenza, bronchitis and sinus infections which have afflicted so many Americans this year. But his physicians say he is now in good shape.
Hitherto the President’s great physical vigor, and ability to snap back after an illness, has been the marvel of a weary officialdom.
With the big offensive planned in Europe and the Pacific, not to mention labor troubles and other problems on the home front, the President will need every ounce of his strength.
Apart from his need for a physical rest, doubtless his absence from Washington has also given him new objectivity and perspective.