America at war! (1941–) – Part 3

Ernie Pyle V Norman

Roving Reporter

By Ernie Pyle

With the Allied beachhead forces in Italy – (by wireless)
The sailors aboard an LST (landing ship tank) have the same outlook on life that the average soldier overseas has. That is, they devote a good part of their conversation to home, and to when they may get there.

They are pretty veteran by now, and have been under fire a lot. They’ve served the hot beaches of Sicily, Salerno and Anzio. They know a gun fired in anger when they hear one.

On the whole, although the boys who man these beachhead supply ships are frequently in great danger, they do live fairly comfortably. Their food is good, their quarters are fair, and they have such facilities as hot baths, new magazines, candy, hot meals and warmth.

The sailors sleep in folding, bunks with springs and mattresses. The officers sleep in cabins, two or so to a cabin, the same as on bigger ships.

An LST isn’t such a glorious ship to look at – it is neither sleek nor fast not impressively big – and yet it is a good ship and the crews aboard LSTs are proud of them.

LSTs roll and twist

The LSTs are great rollers – the sailors say “They’ll even roll in drydock.” They have flat bottoms and consequently they roll when there is no sea at all. They roll fast, too. Their usual tempo is a roundtrip roll every six seconds. The boys say that in a really heavy sea you can stand on the bridge and actually see the bow of the ship twist, like a monster turning its head. It isn’t an optical illusion either, but a result of the “give” in these ships.

The sailors say that when they run across a sandbar, the ship seems to work its way across like an inchworm, proceeding forward section by section.

The LST has handled every conceivable type of wartime cargo. It has carried a whole shipload of fused shells, the most dangerous kind. Among the soldiers of many nationalities that my LST has carried, the crew found the Indian troops of Jahore the most interesting. The Indians were friendly, and as curious as children. The Americans liked them. In fact, I’ve found that Americans like practically anybody who is halfway friendly.

Toilet-seat tragedy

The Indian soldiers base practically every action on their religion. They brought their own food, and it had to be cooked by certain of their own people.

They made a sort of pancake out of flour that was full of weevils and worms. But it was sacred, and if an American cook tried to help out and touched the pan, the whole panful had to be thrown away.

Even going to the toilet was a religious ritual with them. They carried special toilet-seat covers previously cleansed by some proper person, and would no more think of using an unflushed toilet then you would think of committing murder.

Capt. Joseph Kahrs told me of one touching incident that happened when the Indian troops were put ashore. One of them had fallen ill and had to be taken back to Africa.

He was the only Indian left on the ship. The tragedy of his pitiful case was that the poor unfortunate was caught without a sacred toilet seat, and he had dysentery.

“What did he do?” I inquired.

Capt. Kahrs said:

I never did ask. I couldn’t bear to know. To me, it is the most frightful incident of the war.

americavotes1944

Stokes: MacArthur

By Thomas L. Stokes

Milwaukee, Wisconsin –
The word here is that Gen. Douglas MacArthur is a receptive candidate for the Republican presidential nomination.

“It has been indicated to prominent Republicans that he won’t do anything to get the nomination, but if he gets it, he will accept it,” was the way it was put by Lansing Hoyt, manager of the MacArthur campaign for convention delegates in the April 4 primary in which the general has three rivals – Wendell L. Willkie, Governor Dewey and LtCdr. Harold Stassen, ex-Governor of Minnesota.

Mr. Hoyt added mysteriously:

I can’t tell you how I found that out.

He is hopeful that Gen. MacArthur will roll up such an impressive vote in this state, where he spent his youthful years, that it will set off a national movement that will sweep into the Chicago convention next June. He has so contrived it that the general will have every opportunity for a popular demonstration.

Gen. MacArthur is the only candidate of either party in the primary who is entered also for the presidential preference vote as distinct from the vote for delegates. The popular preferential vote has no relation to the selection of delegates, but a heavy popular vote might make an impression.

Mr. Hoyt was chairman of the America First Committee of Wisconsin and the whole tenor of the MacArthur campaign is to appeal to the isolationist sentiment once so predominant in this state. There still seems to be some latent isolationism.

MacArthur an ‘all-American’

Why are the isolationists supporting Gen. MacArthur?

Mr. Hoyt replied:

Because they think he is all-American. Anybody who’s been out all over the world realizes that the other nations are trying to put it over America. Gen. MacArthur feels the same way, we think. We feel that the United States has to assert its own rights.

Mr. Hoyt, a tall, slender, amiable gentleman with thinning gray hair, a dabbler in Wisconsin politics for years and an engineer by profession, has traveled widely, particularly in the Orient. He has developed a strong anti-British attitude.

With a twinkle in his eye, he related that he was in charge of Wendell Willkie’s 1940 campaign meeting in Milwaukee.

He is directing the MacArthur campaign from three small, sparely furnished rooms in an old office building here. He has no paid staff. The movement is entirely voluntary, he said.

The “native son” angle is being stressed in the campaign. Gen. MacArthur went to grade school and high school here. From here he was appointed to West Point. His grandfather moved to Wisconsin in 1837 and was fifth governor of the state. His father was raised here.

The general is hailed in a campaign dodger widely distributed as a representative of “American interests,” for “his ability to make friends of labor” and as a military man and an administrator. A studied effort is made to meet the argument that the general should remain in command in the Pacific, which Mr. Hoyt labels as “that old New Deal propaganda,” by the counterargument that he should sit in Washington where, as President, he could direct the whole war.

Points to 1940 primary

Mr. Hoyt claims victory for Gen. MacArthur on the basis of the 1940 presidential primary here in which Governor Dewey got 60% of the votes – and all the delegates – and Senator Vandenberg of Michigan got 40%. He expects Gen. MacArthur, he said, to get the Vandenberg 40%, with the other 60% divided among the governor, Wendell Willkie and LtCdr. Stassen.

The former Dewey support, he contends, will be split with Messrs. Willkie and Stassen because Governor Dewey is classed as an “internationalist” on account of his advocacy of a British-American alliance at the Mackinac Conference last September.

With some pride, Mr. Hoyt related how President Roosevelt’s name was withdrawn from the popular preference vote – though a full slate of Roosevelt delegates are entered in the Democratic primary – just an hour after he had filed Gen. MacArthur’s name for the preference vote on the Republican ticket.

“They didn’t want a contrast,” he said.

Democrats are the third party in this state.

Maj. de Seversky: Safety valve

By Maj. Alexander P. de Seversky

Churchill expected to sound pre-invasion call to Britain

Axis savagery brings sharp U.S. warning

Individual to blame, Roosevelt declares

americavotes1944

Willkie warns of invasion tie-up

Beloit, Wisconsin (UP) –
Although the Allied invasion of Europe will have a profound effect upon the thinking of the American people at election time, the crisis will not necessitate the reelection of President Roosevelt because the country never again will live in a placid hour, Wendell Willkie said yesterday.

Mr. Willkie, making a 13-day statewide pre-primary speaking tour on behalf of his slate of Republican delegate-candidates, predicted the western invasion would begin the next “two or three months.”

He said:

If the present administration is reelected on the basis that this will be a critical moment, it will be reelected again and again, and again because no one in this country who didn’t live before World War I will know what it is to live in a placid hour.

Mr. Willkie called upon the Republican Party to stand for “greater, more effective” contributions and sacrifice for the war.

He denied that a new President would “dismember” America’s fighting units, and said a new Chief Executive would “enliven the Army and give it new power and inspiration.”

Earlier in the day, in an address at Burlington, Wisconsin, Mr. Willkie said he was wholeheartedly behind the administration’s dealing with Éire, and didn’t believe Irish-American Democrats would swing over to the GOP because of the President’s stand.

Völkischer Beobachter (March 26, 1944)

Starke feindliche Durchbruchsversuche bei Cassino zusammengebrochen
Südliche Ostfront weiter in Brennpunkt der Kämpfe

Ein Bolschewist – Vorsitzender der Kommission
Moskau zensiert das Schrifttum Italiens

U.S. Navy Department (March 26, 1944)

CINCPAC Press Release No. 326

For Immediate Release
March 26, 1944

Before dawn on March 25 (West Longitude Date) Liberator bombers of the Eleventh Army Air Force bombed Paramushiru and Onekotan Islands in the Kuriles, and a Ventura search plane of Fleet Air Wing Four bombed Shimushu Island. One of our planes was lost.

On March 24 (West Longitude Date) a Coronado search plane of Fleet Air Wing Two bombed and sank two small cargo vessels near Ponape, and Mitchell medium bombers of the Seventh Army Air Force bombed the Ponape air strip and adjacent buildings. On the same day Dauntless dive bombers and Corsair fighters of the Fourth Marine Aircraft Wing, Mitchell bombers of the Seventh Army Air Force and Ventura search planes of Fleet Air Wing Two bombed and strafed three enemy positions in the Marshall Islands. All of our planes returned from these operations.

The Pittsburgh Press (March 26, 1944)

DEATH BLOW NEAR FOR RUINED BERLIN
Yank bombers to follow up record attack

RAF hits capital with 2,800 tons
By Phil Ault, United Press staff writer

Travelers from Germany say –
Factories in Berlin still hum despite heavy Allied raids

Nazis regaining hold in Cassino

Germans reinforced through tunnels
By Reynolds Packard, United Press staff writer

Japanese stab deeper into central India

Yanks and Chinese outflank enemy
By Darrell Berrigan, United Press staff writer


Army bombers hit Wake Island

Spying ‘countess’ gets 12 years

Four others in ring also sentenced

Navy man tells his side –
Gunner defends Yanks who downed own planes

‘Tragic errors just happen in war’


Navy pilots accused of stunting

Food for civilians up this spring


Explosions rock coast war plant

Japanese change top commanders

By the United Press

americavotes1944

Barkley praises party’s record

Charleston, West Virginia (UP) – (March 25)
Senate Majority Leader Alben W. Barkley (D-KY) reviewed the legislative accomplishments of the New Deal tonight and observed that it was unnecessary to emphasize the need for “continuity of leadership” during the war and in the peace to follow.

Senator Barkley told West Virginia Democratic leaders, at a $25-a-plate Jefferson Day dinner, that Americans were “sensible and level-headed people” and that they would not vote in November according to “temporary inconveniences” which he said would never have been tolerated except for the emergency.

In his first major political address since the recent disagreement with President Roosevelt over the tax bill veto, Senator Barkley said there would be those during the coming campaign who would seek to “magnify irksome restrictions and exploit sore toes,” but there such “political ineptitude” would be unavailing.

He declared that there had been “some domestic differences” between Congress and the Chief Executive, but that, on the whole, the Congress had supported the President to an extent never before achieved in American history and that the United States had made greater progress in the prosecution of the war because of that fact.

Oklahomans to hear Senator Barkley

Muskogee, Oklahoma (UP) – (March 25)
Senator Alben W. Barkley will keynote an all-out “party unity” campaign upon which the Democrats base their hopes for victory in next Tuesday’s important second district Congressional election which has attracted national interest as a “border state” political thermometer.

Medal of Honor awarded to 32 in Army, 44 in Navy

Washington (UP) – (March 25)
Since Pearl Harbor, 32 men out of an Army of about 7,500,000 and 44 men out of the approximately three million in the naval services, have been awarded the Medal of Honor, the nation’s highest award for heroism.

Authorized by Congress for any man who distinguished himself “by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of life above and beyond the call of duty,” the medal stems from an award voted by Congress in July 1862, for enlisted men who distinguished themselves during the “rebellion.”

A second act in 1863 authorized it for officers. In the Navy, the medal was not authorized for officers until 1915.

Becomes harder to get

In the Army, the Medal of Honor at first was also presented for merit. Now, however, merit is rewarded with the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Service Medal, which were not created until 1918. As a result, fewer Medals of Honor are presented now than 80 years ago.

The first Navy Medals of Honor were authorized in 1861 for “petty officers, seamen, landsmen and marines” for gallantry in action and “other seamanlike qualities.” In 1901, the medal was authorized to be awarded only to a man who distinguished himself in battle or displayed extraordinary heroism.

95 in World War I

Prior to World War I, 1,723 Army Medals of Honor were awarded. During 1917-18, there were 95, and in the present war, already longer than World War I, there have been but 32 presentations.

However, the Navy has awarded more Medals of Honor in this war than it did in the last because there has been more naval action in this war. In World War I, 12 Navy men and seven Marines received it.

Four Army men and five Marines have won the medal twice. The Army men won both their medals prior to 1917. In 1918, the five Marines received the medals from both the Army and Navy for the same action.

2 peacetime awards

No woman has ever received a Medal of Honor from either the Army or the Navy.

Only in rare instances has the medal been awarded in time of peace. This occurred, however, in 1927, when Charles A. Lindbergh made the first transatlantic flight to Paris. Another recipient, Capt. Eddie Rickenbacker, did not receive his medal until 1937, although he earned it in 1918.

Union publications send propaganda to Armed Forces

Both AFL and CIO mail news sheets and pamphlets through civilian channels
By Phelps Adams, North American Newspaper Alliance


Steel union bases plea on reconversion principle

Guarantees to farms and industry cited in demand for post-war pay program