America at war! (1941–) – Part 3

pegler

Pegler: Father McGlynn’s play

By Westbrook Pegler

Kansas City, Missouri –
I see by the New York papers that Father Thomas McGlynn, a Catholic priest, has written a play, presenting the white man as the minority and the Negro as the majority in our country, in appropriate reversals of the equation.

Jack Chapman, the drama reviewer of the New York News, recalls that some years ago I happened on a similar idea in a sketch for the Dutch Treat show.

In my play, called Old White Joe, the old family retainer was a cringing white man who was hailed into a high-suburban drawing room of the Negro aristocracy, and commanded to bring in the field-hands and sing an old folk song for the gentlemen who were all in dinner jackets and having their brandy while the ladies powdered up.

Old White Joe, played by Ray Vir Den, an old Oklahoma boy who came down East to yell mi-mi-mi in the opera but got a job in the advertising business instead, then backed off and returned with the rest of the Dutch Treat quartet to sing, “Gone Are the Days, From the Cotton Mills Away.”

They entered in faded overalls, blinking at the elegance of the room and the company, and sang beautifully to the final “Hear Them Angel Voices Calling, Old White Joe.”

Radical reformer is guest

Mr. Chapman says that Mr. Fordyce, the master of the manor, snarled at Old Joe, “Come here, you old white bum.” That is not correct. What he said was, “You, Joe, come here, you old white rascal.”

Then he asked him how many hams he reckoned he had stolen in all the years, boy and man, that he had been in the Fordyce family. Old White Joe said he reckoned he didn’t “never stole none, lessen you could call takin’ stealin’.”

Among the Negro guests of the Negro host there was a radical reformer from New Orleans who kept saying that nevertheless white men were human children of the same loving God. He was hollered down by a Negro clergyman who explained that down South they didn’t have the same white problem.

Down South, the Negroes were in the majority and could keep the white man in his place by force of numbers. Up North, the Negro minority had to use prestige and segregation.

Another guest, a noisy, pompous, Greenwich broke type, said that yes, he had been down South on business and that it had made his blood boil to see some great big pushful buck white man walk into a streetcar and deliberately pass up empty seats to plant himself beside some lovely innocent colored girl.

Mr. Fordyce softened the debate by explaining how well his family all loved Old White Joe. At that point, Worth Colwell, another advertising man, ran onto the stage in the role of Miss Pansy Fordyce, the young missy of the household, yelling “rape, rape, rape!” The curtain fell as the gents, including the Southern radical reformer, tore offstage to lynch the beloved Old White Joe.

Versions of typical white men

This sketch was done strictly for the amusement of a stag dinner, but I confess that I have never been able to moralize the story to a happier conclusion depicting mutual trust and friendship.

As a matter of fact, those colored aristocrats were not too fond of each other, nor above a little cheating one way and another, for they were just burnt-cork versions of typical white men.

But, if it comes to that, the Negro is no more tolerant or kind, even among Negroes; and history gives him no reason to boast of his gentle consideration for others when he is up.

And he is to a certain extent to blame for the prejudice which has followed him since slavery through his overbearing conduct in the Southern states during the Reconstruction era. In Haiti and Santo Domingo, Negroes have massacred other Negroes and there were Negro masters of Negro slaves in Abyssinia.

In Father McGlynn’s play, a poor white woman and her baby are evicted by a greedy Negro landlord and the baby is adopted by a Negro family and finally sent to college to study in equality with Negroes.

Well, so what? Well, so I know what, but it wouldn’t do any good to say what because the solution has been there all the time in a building with a cross on the spire where Father McGlynn works, but neither side is yet sufficiently civilized to give it a try.

Maj. Williams: Rocket ships

By Maj. Al Williams

Chaplin going into court to say ‘I did’ or ‘I didn’t’

Comedian’s attorney to seek another delay despite federal judge’s warning

americavotes1944

Ex-Governor of Oklahoma recalls last soldier vote

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (UP) –
Former Oklahoma Governor Robert L. Williams, who was governor during World War I, says men in uniform voted heavily by absentee ballot during his term of office.

Mr. Williams, now a retired Circuit Court of Appeals judge, believed men overseas and on home soil should be permitted to vote, but he is not sure the absentee ballot would be the best method.

Doctor convicted as spy for Germany

Millett: Appreciated

War separations binds weakening ties
By Ruth Millett

There is a lot of pessimistic talk about war marriages and how many of them are going to be followed by divorce when the war is over.

But there is nothing much said about the marriages that are actually being strengthened by the war. And there must be thousands of husbands and wives such as Bill and Mary, married for three, four and maybe 10 years, who are learning from separation just how important their marriages.

It wasn’t that Mary and Bill were no longer in love when the war came along.

They still loved each other. But they had grown so used to what they had, so sure of security and of each other, they were on the verge of becoming bored with the whole idea.

And then the war came along and separated them, and it didn’t take long for both to realize that their marriage and the way of life they had built together was the most important thing they had.

And it didn’t take long for them to find out just how much each depended on the other for companionship and understanding, and how unsatisfactory freedom is once you’ve become used to being both dependent and depended upon.

Bill and Mary will go back into marriage with a new appreciation for each other and for their way of life, and it isn’t likely that anything ever will make either of them consider a divorce.

So, while the post-war world may see many hasty war marriages ending in divorce, as the experts predict, there are sure to be many marriages that never get anywhere near the divorce courts simply because the war has showed the husbands and wives just how important their marriages really are.

CANDIDLY SPEAKING —
Defense rests!

By Maxine Garrison

Oil companies study terms for pipeline

Gulf among firms seeking contract for Near East project
By Marshall McNeil, Scripps-Howard staff writer

Market rises on override of tax bill veto

Liquor stocks jump 1 to 3 points; motors close steady

U.S. Navy Department (February 25, 1944)

CINCPAC Press Release No. 281

For Immediate Release
February 25, 1944

The following information has been received supplementing Communiqué No. 40:

Our task force commanded by RAdm. Marc A. Mitscher was detected approaching Tinian and Saipan in the afternoon of February 21 (West Longitude Date).

Attacks on our ships were carried out continuously during the night and the morning of February 22 by enemy land‑based torpedo planes and bombers. Fourteen of the attacking planes were shot down by our anti-aircraft fire and five more were shot down by our air patrols.

In spite of the persistent and continuing attacks, our carriers launched their planes according to schedule.

Two attacks were carried out in force against the principal targets, and a smaller raid was made at Guam. A total of 29 enemy planes were shot down over the targets, and an additional 87 planes were wrecked on the ground. A total of 135 enemy aircraft was destroyed.

Few enemy ships were found; one cargo ship was sunk, another was severely damaged and apparently beached, and another was set afire. One patrol craft was blown up and seven other small ships were damaged. Small boats in the harbor areas were strafed.

Runways, seaplane aprons, and other airdrome facilities, fuel dumps and buildings were heavily bombed and strafed.

Our losses were six planes. None of our ships was sunk or damaged.

On February 23 (West Longitude Date) Liberators of the Seventh Army Air Force bombed wharves, radio facilities, and the cantonment area at Kusaie. On the same day Navy search Liberators of Fleet Air Wing Two bombed Kusaie dock areas, sinking one ship and damaging another. In addi­tion a hit was made on an ammunition dump, which exploded.

Army Mitchell bombers, Warhawk fighters, and Navy search Venturas bombed and strafed ground installations on four enemy‑held atolls in the Western Marshall Islands. Although several planes were damaged, all returned to their base.

Völkischer Beobachter (February 26, 1944)

Die Sorgen um die italienische Front –
‚Bedruckende Enge‘ bei Nettuno

Getreu bis in den Tod –
Der Kampf auf Kwajelinn und Wottho

White House Memorandum on Occupational Deferments
February 26, 1944

The crucial campaigns of this year will determine both the length of this war and its price in men and goods. We are well equipped in food and munitions but their production has drawn over heavily on our stock of manpower. It is time to strike a new balance.

The Armed Forces have continuously adjusted their requirements to the minimum necessary to implement strategic plans. Initial estimates have been reduced by over half a million men. Recently the Army has had to withdraw the great majority of men who were receiving instruction in colleges. The present allocations of personnel to the Armed Forces cannot be further reduced, and there is a very real danger in our failure to supply trained replacements at the time and in the numbers required.

Selective Service has not delivered the quantity of men that was expected. The shortage which commenced to develop last September reached a total of 200,000 on December 31. This means that today we are still short approximately 200,000 trained men although the actual personnel shortage in the Army has been reduced to 150,000. Today, as a result, we are forced to emasculate college courses and trained divisions and other units. The Army will not reach its planned January strength until sometime in April, or even later if Selective Service continues to fall behind on its quotas.

The nation’s manpower pool has been dangerously depleted by liberal deferments and I am convinced that in this respect we have been overly lenient, particularly with regard to the younger men. The overage men, the physically disqualified, the returned soldier, and the women of the nation must be used more effectively to replace the able-bodied men in critical industry and agriculture.

Almost five million men have been deferred for occupational reasons. Deferments for industry include over a million non-fathers, of whom 380,000 are under 26 years of age. Of almost a million non-fathers deferred in agriculture, over 550,000 are under 26. Agriculture and industry should release the younger men who are physically qualified for military service. The present situation is so grave that I feel that the time has come to review all occupational deferments with a view to speedily making available the personnel required by the Armed Forces.

Letter from President Roosevelt on Preference for Veterans in Federal Employment
February 26, 1944

Rooseveltsicily

Dear Mr. Mitchell:

I desire to have the Civil Service Commission, in connection with its recruiting activities, give special emphasis to placing veterans who are available in vacancies in the various departments and agencies.

I have learned with real interest of the plans which already have been formulated by the Civil Service Commission along these lines. I have been particularly gratified over the efforts that the Commission has made to study just what skills and abilities are needed in the performance of the specific jobs so that disabled veterans can be placed in positions where they can render effective service.

I am today addressing a communication to the heads of all departments and agencies urging that, whenever veterans are referred to them by the Civil Service Commission, they shall be given preference in the filling of positions. I am also urging the heads of the departments and agencies to take immediate steps to delegate, wherever there is a shortage of qualified personnel, full authority to the Civil Service Commission to recruit for them for specific vacancies in the departments and agencies. This will eliminate the delays incident to the Commission’s referring a number of names to the departments and agencies and then having the departments and agencies decide who, among the persons referred to them, is to be selected for a particular position. In this manner veterans who are eligible for Federal positions will not be subjected to unnecessary delays in their search for employment with the Federal Government.

Under the provisions of the Selective Training and Service Act persons who have left other than temporary positions in the Federal service are entitled to their old positions or to positions of like seniority, status, and pay. I have learned that some confusion exists in the minds of various departments and agencies as to just what is the extent of their obligations under this Act.

I am therefore designating the Civil Service Commission as the agency which is responsible for issuing, from time to time, as my representative, instructions as to just what the departments and agencies shall do under specific sets of circumstances in granting reemployment rights to veterans. In discharging this responsibility, it is my desire that the Civil Service Commission give full weight to the spirit and intent back of Section 8(A) of the Selective Training and Service Act. The Federal Government, as an employer, must act in connection with these matters in such a manner as to leave no doubt in the minds of the citizens of this country of its intention to fully comply with the promises made to the members of our armed services through the Selective Training and Service Act.

If the Commission notes any reluctance upon the part of any department or agency of Government to conform to the instructions relative to the reemployment of returning veterans which may be issued from time to time, I desire to have this reluctance called to my attention at once through the Liaison Officer for Personnel Management.


Letter from President Roosevelt on Preference for Veterans in Federal Employment
February 26, 1944

Rooseveltsicily

To the heads of executive departments and agencies:

I have today addressed a letter to the Civil Service Commission in which I have directed it, in connection with its recruiting activities, to give special emphasis to placing veterans who are available in vacancies in the Federal service.

It is my desire that, whenever the Civil Service Commission refers veterans to the various departments and agencies, these veterans be given preference in the filling of vacancies.

In addition, it is my desire that, wherever there is a shortage of qualified personnel, the heads of the various departments and agencies delegate to the Civil Service Commission full authority to recruit for them for vacancies which may exist in such types of positions as may be requested by the departments and agencies. This will eliminate the delays incident to the Commission’s referring a number of names to the departments and agencies, and then having the departments and agencies decide who, among the persons referred to them, is to be selected for a particular position. Except in the case of filling unusual types of positions, there is no reason whatsoever why, taking into consideration the present manpower situation, the departments and agencies should not delegate this authority to the Commission. Not to do so means that the veteran is being subjected to unnecessary delays in his efforts to secure employment. This can not and should not be tolerated.

My attention has been called to the fact that there is some confusion in the minds of appointing officers in the departments and agencies as to the Federal Government’s obligation to provide reemployment for persons who left the Federal service and entered the armed forces. I am today designating the Civil Service Commission as my representative for the purpose of issuing, from time to time, instructions which will indicate just what the rights of the returning veterans are under certain sets of circumstances. The instructions issued by the Commission should be rigidly adhered to by the heads of the departments and agencies and by their representatives.

I have instructed the Commission to notify me, through the Liaison Officer for Personnel Management, of any reluctance upon the part of particular departments or agencies to adhere to these instructions relative to the reemployment of returning veterans. The Federal Government’s record in this regard must be one which will constitute an example for all employers.

Dear Mr. Ramspeck:

I have learned with real interest that your Committee is planning to consider, in the near future, certain legislative proposals relating to the extension of preference to veterans who desire to compete for positions in the Federal Civil Service.

I believe that the Federal Government, functioning in its capacity as an employer, should take the lead in assuring those who are in the armed services that when they return special consideration will be given to them in their efforts to obtain employment. It is absolutely impossible to take millions of our young men out of their normal pursuits for the purpose of fighting to preserve the Nation, and then expect them to resume their normal activities without having any special consideration shown them.

The problems of readjustment will be difficult for all of us. They will be particularly difficult for those who have spent months and even years at the battlefronts all over the world. Surely a grateful Nation will want to express its gratitude in deeds as well as in words.

I believe that legislation relating to preference for veterans in positions in the Federal Civil Service should include, among others, the following points:

  1. Authority should be granted, during the war and for a period of five years following the war, to restrict to veterans examinations for such positions as may, from time to time, be designated by the President. Those who are fighting for the life of the Nation today will, upon their return to civilian life, be in a position to make a unique contribution to the administration of Government. We should be in a position to take full advantage of this fact.

  2. Where competition is not restricted solely to veterans, provision should be made for adding points to the earned ratings of veterans who compete for positions in the Federal Civil Service.

  3. The Civil Service Commission should be given the authority to determine whether or not the reasons advanced by appointing officers for passing over veterans on lists of eligibles are valid. Furthermore, appointing officers should be required to consider the Commission’s findings before filling vacancies. This will center in one agency the responsibility for determining whether or not a veteran is entitled to consideration for a particular job.

  4. Veterans should be accorded special consideration in connection with any reductions in total personnel which it may be necessary for Federal agencies to work out from time to time.

It is my understanding that H.R. 4115, as introduced by the Honorable Joe Starnes of Alabama, is in substantial conformity with the principles above outlined. I sincerely hope, therefore, that this bill may receive the early and sympathetic consideration of the Congress.

The Pittsburgh Press (February 26, 1944)

JAP FLEET EVADES U.S. THRUST
Enemy loses 135 airplanes in Marianas

But U.S. force bags only two ships in Pacific blow
By William F. Tyree, United Press staff writer

Yanks down 641 planes over Germany in 6 days

RAF joins in all-out push to kill Luftwaffe, hits Augsburg twice
By Phil Ault, United Press staff writer

Enemy probes defenses –
Yanks shatter German thrust

Nazis mass 10 divisions for beachhead drive
By Robert Vermillion, United Press staff writer

Hit hard by Stalingrad –
Hitler is fat, tired, stopped

Heinzen: Non-Nazi Germans less devoted
By Ralph E. Heinzen, United Press staff writer

Death takes U.S. Senator Charles McNary

Republican leader, Willkie running mate, ill since fall
By Lyle C. Wilson, United Press staff writer

Wendell_Wilkie_and_Charles_McNary_LCCN2016877838
Senator McNary

Washington –
When the Senate again meets next Tuesday, it will adjourn immediately in respect to one of its most distinguished members, Senator Charles L. McNary or Oregon, Wendell Willkie’s vice-presidential running mate in 1940 and long a Republican leader, who died yesterday in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

Senator McNary, who would have been 70 years old June 12, had been recuperating from a brain operation performed here last November, and appeared to be recovering rapidly until he suffered a relapse two weeks ago. He had been in a coma a few days preceding his death.

Mrs. McNary, the former Cornelia Morton of Washington, and their eight-year-old adopted daughter Charlotte, who were with the Senator when he died, planned to accompany the body tonight to Salem, Oregon, their home and the Senator’s birthplace in 1874. A Senate delegation and Mrs. McNary’s sister, Miss Mary Louise Morton, will complete the party.

Mrs. McNary indicated the funeral will probably be held Friday.

Senator McNary, a first-class politician of statesmanlike proportions, participated positively in shaping the legislation of the past 24 years. He knew Senate rules and made full use of them to snare the opposition. He rarely made what is known as a speech, it being recalled that he delivered only one from 1932 through 1936.

He was a shade or more too liberal for some of his Republican colleagues, but they generally acknowledged him as the shrewdest of their company – even when he was voting with the New Deal, which he did nine of 16 times from 1933 to 1935.

The Senate’s first opportunity to honor Senator McNary will be when it reconvenes Tuesday, after a recess ordered to permit all hands to rest and ponder the circumstances surround the overriding of President Roosevelt’s tax bill veto.

The immediate adjournment will not be mere formal procedure, nor will there be light Congressional hearts aboard the McNary funeral train. Of the men who have served in the Senate since World War I, Mr. McNary probably was the best liked. Certainly, no one was more respected by his colleagues.

Reared in Oregon and one-time associate justice of his state’s Supreme Court, Mr. McNary came to the Senate in 1918 by appointment to fill an unexpired term. He never lost an election since.

Close to Presidents

Although the law and politics absorbed most of his time, he was a farmer by preference and spent his free time on his Salem acres. His interests led him to the chairmanship of the Senate Agriculture Committee and in that capacity, he was co-sponsor of the McNary-Haugen agricultural act.

Throughout most of his Senate career, Mr. McNary was in increasingly close touch with the White House, especially through the Coolidge and Hoover administrations.

President Roosevelt knew Senator McNary’s influence and conferred with him frequently in the early formative period of the New Deal. Senator McNary, in turn, not infrequently supported administration legislation, including the National Labor Relations Act, Tennessee Valley Authority and Social Security proposals. Senator McNary worked closely with the President to obtain vast waterpower developments in the Northwest, notably the Grand Coulee and Bonneville dams.

Senate post his preference

He was nominated for Vice President in 1940 to run with Mr. Willkie, an assignment he accepted reluctantly. To those enthusiasts who occasionally would tell him he should be nominated for President instead, Senator McNary replied that the idea was ridiculous. He had the only job he really wanted right in the U.S. Senate.

Meanwhile, Senate Republicans were not expected to elect a new leader to replace Mr. McNary for at least several weeks. His minority leadership responsibilities in the Senate had been cared for by his assistant, Senator Wallace H. White Jr. (R-ME), for several months.

Senators White, Arthur H. Vandenberg (R-MI) and Robert A. Taft (R-OH) have been most prominently mentioned as possible successors of Senator McNary.

Willkie eulogizes ex-running mate

New York (UP) –
Wendell L. Willkie today described the death of Senator Charles L. McNary, as a tragedy which had “taken a man whose ability was never more needed than at present.”

Mr. Willkie said:

Senator McNary had a long and distinguished career. His contributions during the last 25 years in the Senate were many and varied. He had an unusual ability to reconcile conflicting forces, and never was such ability so much needed as in the present crisis. Out of our close association in the campaign of 1940 had developed a deep personal affection.

Roosevelt orders boards to review draft deferments

Government has been overly lenient, particularly with younger man, President declares