America at war! (1941– ) (Part 1)

25 millions in fifth column –
Koreans menace Japs’ backdoor, fight in secret

Bitterest Mikado haters of all carry on sabotage, violence; ‘exile’ government pushed

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Korean dagger points at Japan.

Washington, Jan. 24 –
The Japs have a “yellow peril” threat all of their own.

Figuratively crouching at the backdoor of the Mikado, while his troops battle on distant fronts, are 25 million Koreans, the bitterest Jap haters of them all.

They live in swarms on the big peninsula that juts out like a dagger from the Oriental mainland, cuts across between the Yellow and Japanese Seas and almost touches the isles of Nippon.

They will tell you about the Japs in Korea sending men, women and children to the safety of churches to pray during uprisings against the conquering Japanese and how the invaders then set fire to the buildings and watched the pious throngs turned into screaming pyres behind locked doors.

Fifth column on hand

The treachery against Koreans blossomed out when the country fell to the invader back in 1904…

Jap fleet may lurk in islands won at Versailles and illegally fortified

Foe uses lies, secrecy in building bases to attack allies
By Milton Bronner, Pittsburgh Press special writer

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The top panel of map above shows a closeup of the Japanese-mandated island groups, the Marianas, the Marshalls and the Carolines. The attack on the U.S. island of Guam probably came from Saipan, at [A]. Japan controls vital communications link by its possession of the cable-junction island of Yap, at [B]. Authorities think the Jap attack on Pearl Harbor was launched from Jaluit [C], one of the Marshall group. The bottom panel shows the mandated islands in relation to the U.S. and the Far East, and how they lie directly athwart the “stepping stone” route to Manila.

In an unguarded moment in 1919 when the Versailles Peace Treaty was written in Paris, a huge spread of small Pacific islands, just north of the Equator, was given as mandated territory to Japan.

Today American and British naval authorities have a strong belief that the bulk of the Japanese Navy is skulking in those very islands ready to pounce.

It is from there that aircraft carriers are believed to have borne the airplanes which made their surprise attack upon Pearl Harbor in Hawaii last Dec. 7. It is from there that the Allies have to guard against future surprise attacks.

Japs fail to keep faith

In the partial naval disarmament treaties signed some years ago by the United States, Britain, Japan, France and Italy, it was agreed that none of the mandated Pacific Islands should be fortified.

The United States did not fortify Guam, Wake Island, Midway Island and its other small island possessions in Pacific waters. Japan is believed to have lied about its mandated islands, just as its ambassadors lyingly talked peace with Secretary of State Hull while the Japanese Navy planned to strike at Hawaii.

Nobody was barred from visiting American island possessions. But for years the Japanese allowed only Japanese to come to the islands or near them. They have forbidden foreign vessels sailing near them or airplanes flying over them.

Few visitors allowed

In their last report to the League of Nations they admitted that in over four years up to 1937 only one…

Luzon soldiers ask for Crosby’s songs

Hollywood, Jan. 24 –
General Douglas MacArthur’s courageous band of fighting men asked today for a radio broadcast of “Bing Crosby songs” to divert their thoughts from the pressure of battle.

Colonel William J. Donovan, coordinator of information, informed Crosby’s agents that the officer of President Roosevelt had received the request from General MacArthur on behalf of his soldiers.

Mr. Crosby said arrangements would be made to broadcast his regular Thursday night radio program to Luzon Island. He will dedicate “The Caissons Go Rolling Along” to the Philippine defenders.

Alleged Nazi spy held for hearing

New York, Jan. 24 (UP) –
Richard Ernest Weber, 56, Nazi spy suspect, pleaded innocent to a charge of not registering as a foreign agent when arraigned before U.S. Commissioner Martin C. Epstein today and was held in $25,000 bail for a hearing Feb. 17.

According to U.S. Attorney Harold M. Kennedy, Weber was arrested at Three Bridges, NJ, last Thursday by FBI agents. Mr. Kennedy said Weber was an associate of at least four of the 33 spies recently sentenced to jail terms in Brooklyn.

At the time of his arrest, Weber was living under the name of Richard Dick at the home of Jack Emil Haas. During World War I, both were interned as enemy aliens. Born United States in 1908 and became an American citizen in 1921.

Mr. Kennedy said Weber had made several trips to the Reich in 1938 and 1939.

Liberty’s torch shines

Passengers on ship twice missed by torpedo fall on knees before famous statue

New York (UP) – (Jan. 24)
When the Grace liner Santa Paula came within sight of the Statue of Liberty, the 68 passengers aboard fell on their knees in gratitude.

Two days out of Lagos, Nigeria, the ship was attacked twice within six hours by submarines, The first time, passengers saw a submarine off the port, and later, off the stern.

The sub disappeared, but soon the wake of a torpedo, headed straight for the ship, was seen. The torpedo missed by 20 feet, only because the quartermaster at the wheel threw the helm hard over. As the Santa Paula lurched, passengers were thrown sprawling.

Six hours later, another torpedo was discovered heading toward her. Again alert maneuvering saved the ship.

Two days ago, off the coast of the United States, the Santa Paula almost crashed into two blacked-out vessels. They, and the Santa Paula, also blacked out, were zigzagging at top speed because they suspected submarines were about. She turned back for three hours, and approached New York by a circuitous route, arriving yesterday far behind schedule.

Then, the gangplank was not lowered for an hour, because four passengers and eight members of the crew had malaria.

Among the malaria sufferers was the Baroness Pannonica de Koenigswarter, sister of Lord Rothschild. Her husband is an officer with Free French forces in Africa.

Also aboard were a number of missionary doctors, who said they feared an epidemic of sleeping sickness in Africa.

Publication of the passengers’ stories was authorized by the 3rd Naval District.

Senators OK Knudsen

Washington, Jan. 24 –
A Senate Military Affairs Subcommittee today unanimously recommended approval of the nomination of William S. Knudsen as a lieutenant general in the Army, in charge of War Department procurement.

Woman pilot sees chance ‘to get in this man’s war’

Theresa James signs up for ferry flying duty

Theresa James, expert Pittsburgh pilot, may get a chance to fly in this war after all.

A few hours after Jacqueline Cochran announced her plan of leading a group of American woman pilots to England for ferry pilot duty, Miss James made application.

She chuckled yesterday:

Boy, oh boy, this is the break I have been waiting for.

…as she scribbled a wire at Johnston Airport, near Pitcairn.

If there was ever a flying job down my alley, this is it. I hope I’m not turned down this time.

Outlines qualifications

The wire to Miss Cochran’s headquarters in New York outlined briefly the qualifications that have made the Wilkinsburg florist’s daughter one of the most proficient fliers in the Pittsburgh district.

She said:

I have been having so much hard luck in trying to get into this man’s war that surely things are about due to come my way for once.

Miss James has been flying since 1933 and holds one of the few commercial pilot certificates granted women in this country. A little over a year ago, she went to Roosevelt Field, NY, and amazed the instructors there with her flying abilities. She returned to her home in Wilkinsburg with the first advanced instructor’s rating ever granted a woman pilot by the Civil Aeronautics Authority.

Appointment never came

Although the rating made Miss James eligible to train Army pilots, an appointment to such a job never came.

She scoffed:

And just because I was a woman.

Tired of waiting, she went to Canada and tried to sign up with the British Air Transport Auxiliary of the Royal Air Force. But it was “no go.” Theresa was a woman – and there just wasn’t any place for women in the flying jobs.

Reluctantly she returned to her peaceful job of training young civilian pilots at Johnston Airport. Among her successful students was a “kid” sister, Betty.

She had just returned from an instructing job yesterday when informed of the “Jackie” Cochran plan.

The plan that may take Miss James to England has the approval of interested United States authorities, according to Miss Cochran and Capt. Norman Edgar, representing the British Air Transport Auxiliary in America.

Miss Cochran, one of the nation’s foremost women pilots, has been working on arrangements for taking the American women pilots to England since her return to this country from the British Isles several months ago.

It is apparent that at least for…

U.S. War Department (January 26, 1942)

Communiqué No. 76

Philippine Theater.
Fighting on Bataan Peninsula was confined to relatively unimportant skirmishes on the west coast.

Delayed reports advise that the City of Cebu suffered an intensive air raid on January 21. Eighteen enemy bombers participated in the attack. One small inter-island boat was sunk in Cebu Harbor. No other serious damage was inflicted.

It has been determined that the large Japanese tanker set afire by our bombers on January 20, off Jolo, ultimately sank.

Dutch East Indies.
Seven U.S. Flying Fortresses participated in the attack of January 24 and 25 on the Japanese convoy in Makassar Straits, sinking one enemy transport and setting fire to another. A formation of Japanese fighters attacked the U.S. bombers. Five enemy planes were shot down. All of our bombers returned to their base undamaged.

There is nothing to report from other areas.


U.S. Navy Department (January 26, 1942)

Communiqué No. 34

Far East.
U.S. naval forces have scored further successes against Japanese convoys in the Makassar Strait. Heavy hits on enemy destroyers and transports have been effected. While it is still impossible to estimate total damage inflicted by our combat vessels, the known results are substantial.

Additional reports to the Navy Department of continuing action state that a U.S. submarine has torpedoed an enemy aircraft carrier, which is believed to have sunk.

Dispatches also advise that another U.S. motor torpedo boat under the command of Ens. George Cox sank a 5,000-ton enemy vessel in a second torpedo boat raid close to Subic Bay.

The attack succeeded in the face of heavy fire at close range from enemy shore batteries and machine-gun fire from the Japanese ship. The motor torpedo boat penetrated the water adjacent to its objective despite net and boom defenses laid down by the enemy.

Participating in the attack with Ens. Cox were Lt. John D. Bulkeley, MTB squadron commander, and Lt. (jg.) Edward G. DeLong, squadron engineer.

There is nothing to report from other areas.

The Pittsburgh Press (January 26, 1942)

American troops land in Northern Ireland

Stimson reveals –
Report hints AEF already sees action

Size of unit and arrival date not disclosed by War Department

Washington, Jan. 26 (UP) –
An American Expeditionary Force has landed in Northern Ireland, where a powerful military base has been under construction by American technicians for many months, the War Department revealed today.

A dispatch from Belfast indicated the U.S. forces may already have been in action against German airplanes.

The size of the American force, the date of its arrival in Ireland or of its departure from the United States was not revealed by Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, who made the announcement.

Closest move to Europe

It was the first extraordinary communiqué issued by the War Department since the outset of the war.

The move sent organized units of American fighting men the closest they have yet been stationed to the European battlefront. Previously, forces were sent to Iceland. Some technicians, however, have accompanied Canadian units to Britain for training and have gone to Libya and elsewhere for similar purposes.

The American force in Ireland is commanded by Maj. Gen. Russell P. Hartle.

The Belfast dispatch reported:

…slight enemy air activity over Northern Ireland this afternoon.

The Ministry of Security for Northern Ireland said:

Our air defenses were in action.

Ready for any action

The War Department did not reveal whether the arrival of the American Expeditionary Force means that they will take over the huge Northern Ireland base or whether the move is merely the initial stage of sending U.S. fighting men into action in Europe.

However, the selection of General Hartle to lead the U.S. force seemed to indicate that the Americans would be ready for any sort of action. General Hartle has served as the commander of the mobile army force in Puerto Rico, a capacity in which he carried on active training maneuvers with light, fast-moving American Army units.

General Hartle returned to the United States for duty with the 6th Division at Fort Leonard Wood in June 1941, and in August, he was…

Victim no. 8 –
New sub wave reaches coast

Two ships sunk after several-day lapse

Philadelphia, Jan. 26 (UP) –
The lapse of several days between torpedoings indicated today that a second wave of German submarines had reached the Atlantic Coast after the first had been liquidated by vigorous naval counterblows.

Three torpedoes crashed into the 5,500-ton Norwegian tanker Varanger off the southern New Jersey coast early yesterday and she went down within 15 minutes. Her crew of 40 men was rescued by fishing boats and taken to the Coast Guard base at Townsend’s Inlet, near Cape May, NJ.

Second in five days

She was apparently the second vessel lost to enemy action off the United States coast since Jan. 19 when the City of Atlanta and the Latvian freighter Ciltvaira were torpedoed off Cape Hatteras.

The Navy announced today that the SS Venore, an ore carrier owned by the Ore Steamship Co. of New York, was torpedoed and sunk off the Atlantic Coast early Saturday morning.

21 survivors were landed at Norfolk and 22 men are still reported missing.

The indicated loss of life in all the sub attacks stands at 97.

Optimistic announcement

Thursday the Navy announced that “two-way” traffic on the Atlantic was “satisfactorily on the decline,” adding that certain submarines would not “enjoy” the journey home. Saturday the Navy said effective counterblows had been taken.

These announcements, coupled with the apparent absence of any submarine activity for several days and the fact that an enemy submarine hardly would spend days idly cruising along the coast wasting its precious fuel and stores, were taken to indicate that the Varanger and Venore were the victims of a submarine belonging to a group sent to replace the first which the Navy had destroyed or dispersed.

At least two subs

There were at least two submarines in the second group because five survivors of a torpedoed Norwegian freighter arrived at an eastern Canadian port yesterday after 14 hours in lifeboats. That indicated their ships had been torpedoed Saturday, not more than 12…

Lesson of Pearl Harbor –
’Let’s get together’

Demand for unified command results from Roberts report – court-martial expected
By George E. Reedy Jr., United Press staff writer

Washington, Jan. 26 –
The Pearl Harbor report today touched off Congressional demands for unity of U.S. land, air and sea commands in war theaters and was expected to bring formal court-martial of the top American officers at the Hawaii station.

The report by the board headed by Supreme Court Justice Owen J. Roberts brought pressure from Senators and Representatives that – as a minimum – assurances be given that the Army and Navy will coordinate their action at key positions.

Two influential House Republicans – Reps. Hamilton Fish of New York and Melvin Maas of Minnesota – called for a full Congressional investigation of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Mr. Fish, ranking minority members of the House Foreign Affairs Committee…

Surprise drive –
Luzon heroes again attack, surprise foe

Total of Jap ships sunk by American forces reached 50
By Harrison Salisbury, United Press staff writer

Washington, Jan. 26 –
America’s famed Flying Fortresses joined the Battle of Makassar Straits, the War Department reported today, and boosted the total of Jap ships sunk by American forces there to at least eight and possibly 10.

In the Philippines, a surprise attack by General Douglas MacArthur’s forces hurled back the Japs on his right flank and eased pressure on his left flank.

In the big Makassar battle in the Dutch Indies, a squadron of seven Flying Fortresses sank one Jap transport, set fire to another and shot down five Jap fighter planes.

30 Jap ships sunk so far

The U.S. Asiatic Fleet had already accounted for seven and possibly eight Jap ships in the running fight in which the United Nations’ forces sought to smash a Jap thrust toward key positions only about 500 miles from Java, heart of the Dutch East Indies.

The action in Makassar Straits occurred Saturday and Sunday.

The War Department communiqué belatedly revealed that a big Jap tanker set afire by U.S. bombers Jan. 20 off the island of Jolo, southwest of Davao in the Philippines, ultimately sank.

The actions reported today brought the total of Jap ships blasted to the bottom by U.S. forces to a certain 50.

Lull follows MacArthur’s thrust

While the Makassar battle raged, General MacArthur and his men on Bataan Peninsula had a brief breathing spell which is expected to be the prelude to another Jap assault.

The breathing spell was won by General MacArthur’s tactics in making a counterattack north of Balanga which killed hundreds of Japs and so disorganized their left flank that they were forced to suspend their assault that had driven back General MacArthur’s western Bataan positions.

Today’s communiqué said that the fighting on Bataan was confined:

…to relatively unimportant skirmishes ion the west coast and in the vicinity of Subic Bay.

Jap propaganda reports claimed the capture of Mount Natib, a 4,500-foot peak in central Bataan about midway between Abucay and Moron. The Japs also claimed the capture of Abucay, an east Bataan coastal point just north of Balanga.

Philippine city bombed

The War Department reported that Cebu, a good-sized city on the central Philippines island of that name which is still unoccupied by the Japanese, was heavily attacked by Jap planes last Wednesday.

18 Jap bombers participated in the raid and a small inter-island boat was sunk. No other serious damage was reported.

The Flying Fortresses which participated in the Makassar action…

Committee approves $18-billion Navy bill

Washington (UP) –
A $17,722,565,474 naval appropriations bill – the largest in history – was approved by the House Appropriations Committee and sent to the House floor today.

The bill, carrying more than $8 billion or 46% of its total for increases in the Navy’s tonnage – from battleships to tugs – includes grants for fiscal 1943 and supplemental funds for 1942 – $13,430,339,974 for 1943, and $4,292,225,500 for present fiscal year.

The measure follows by only three days unanimous House approval of a $12,525,872,474 grant for 33,000 Army airplanes.

The bill’s total equals $133 for each man, woman and child in the nation, and is two and a half times the average annual cost of running the entire federal government in the last 10 years.

The bill contemplates naval spending at the rate of little over a billion dollars a month, that means the sea forces will be costing around $23,148 a minute.

Parry

I DARE SAY —
Parrygraphs

By Florence Fisher Parry

The great industrialists are back at work. The captains of industry, the giants among men – they are back at it again, grinding out the great pattern of America, as they always have before in a crisis, as they always will.

Free enterprise cannot die in America. We need its leaders too much, when the crisis comes.

We are confident now that they are back on their old job. Things will hum now, for they are minding their own business, their familiar business of production, production. So that this land of theirs will keep free.

How far away the fond delusion that we could play at war, encased and safe!

If you do not remember so far back, get out your magazines of a few months ago. Read the ads. Read the contents. Look at the news pictures. You could feel yourself a visitor from Mars or Jupiter. How COULD we have led such a delusory life?

Here is that magnificent advertising medium. Fortune, certainly the most far-sighted as well as the most beautiful of all the magazines. Yet in its December issue its pages are devoted to such sentiments as:

General Motors’ bland assumption that:

…as the national defense program progresses, the importance of the auto dealer to his local community is becoming increasingly apparent.

No remote thought there, that as the magazine was delivered to its waiting subscribers, the order to stop manufacturing pleasure cars already had been given!

The Matson Line assures us that to cross in one of her vessels to Hawaii and the South Seas is:

…the most pleasant voyage in the world!

The most dated of all, however, is the “Fortune Survey” of DECEMBER. It discloses that just before Pearl Harbor, 40% of our whole populations was against our entering the war on any basis.

When we change, we change fast – in America!

Some books

If you are an anxious mother confused and helpless in the rearing of your children, and simply don’t know what to do about the problems of the movies, the comics and the radio, as they touch young minds and habits, you might look into a wise little volume called What Books for Children, by Josette Frank.

Those of us who heard Vincent Sheean say that Churchill is no strategist, might look into Philip Guedalla’s Mr. Churchill, which delineates him as a very military-minded man indeed.

Besides, this interesting biography reveals a little-known fact: his teacher, when he was a very little boy, called him:

…the naughtiest small boy in the world.

No wonder he grew up to be about the most fetching man in contemporary history.

My, oh my, but we’re going to have a lot of war films! And that suits this corner down to the ground. Just listen to these titles. The Bugle Blows, Sergeant York, Captains of the Clouds, Torpedo Boat, The Fleet’s In, Salute to Courage, Fly By Night, Treat 'Em Rough, This Above All, Target for Tonight, A Yank on the Burma Road, Tanks a Million, Swing It Soldier, Stick to Your Guns, Steel Against the Sky, Saboteur, Parachute Battalion, Pacific Blackout, Navy Blues, Keep 'Em Flying, Joan of Paris, The Invaders, International Squadron, Come On, Danger, Canal Zone, Call Out the Marines, All Through the Night.

Will you, dear moviegoers, make know yp our neighborhood theater manager. AND your downtown theater manager, how you feel about the war news in the newsreels? Surely I am not mistaken in believing that most people, when they go to the movies in wartime, expect to see good newsreels of the war. Indeed, there are many persons I know who are making a practice of going to the movies far oftener than they ever did before, simply because they feel that they can’t afford to miss the fine newsreels of the war on all fronts.

Yet it is a fact that the motion picture theater managers have the idea that we don’t WANT to be reminded of the war when we go to the movies.

If they were told by dispersing audiences that the war news IS acceptable, they would be convinced that they are doing us no kindness when they omit to show the very part of the program many of us have come purposely to see.

Maps

One chance this World War already has made is our whole concept of maps. The old distracted GLOBE is coming back into its own. For 50 years, we have been conditioned against all true concepts of the world’s area, because of the wretched way that geography has been taught in our schools. Even today, with Japan spreading her net over half the world, it seems impossible to convince the rank and file of the magnitude of her accomplishments, and the real danger of our position in this war.

It hasn’t come from indifference, soft living, isolationism, or any of these purported weaknesses, nearly so much as from the fact that we have been conditioned wrong from the first. We didn’t learn GEOGRAPHY the right way. Today we’re being given our first lesson in it. A costly, tragic lesson, learned almost too late.

The child of the future can be counted upon to know his world globe, if nothing else in the whole school program. At least let us hope so.

To launch a warship –
Who buys pretties?

Vinson asks whether U.S. pays as Washington wives vie for honor – and jewelry

Washington – (Scripps-Howard newspaper alliance)
Launching a warship is an expensive item. It includes a diamond wrist watch, bracelet, or some other expensive token for the lady who smashes a bottle of champagne across the bow. Wives of officials here vie for the honor – and the jewelry.

Rep. Vinson (D-GA), House Naval Affairs Committee chairman, thinks the government ought not to pay for these pretties. He has written to all shipbuilders with Navy contracts, inquiring whether they foot the bill for such jewelry, or whether it is included in the price they change for ships.

If it develops that the government is buying the watches, he will introduce a bill to stop it.

If the shipbuilders want to finance the gifts themselves, well and good.

The Maritime Commission recently issued an order banning elaborate launchings, which heretofore, as in the case of the Navy, included cost of entertainment, meals and travel expenses for distinguished guests – sometimes whole trainloads of them – and, of course, the jewelry for the sponsor.

First Lady denied evasion charge

Washington (UP) –
Asked at her press conference today about an anonymous charge that she had requested the Navy not to call to active service a young Harvard graduate, member of a rich and prominent family, Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt said:

I have tried to get people into jobs for which they are suited, but I have never tried to get anybody out of the service.

Mrs. Roosevelt said the only incident she could remember was that of a young man whom she herself did not know, but who had gone to Harvard with one of her sons. She had asked the Navy if he could be granted a 30-day extension so he could see if he could serve more advantageously in the Canadian Air Force. She said she did not know the final disposition of the case.

U.S. War Department (January 27, 1942)

Communiqué No. 78

Philippine Theater.
Gen. MacArthur has reported to the War Department that 1st Lt. Marshall J. Anderson, USAAC, of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, one of the most intrepid pilots of the Philippine Air Force, was killed in action on January 19. For distinguished gallantry in action on January 17, Lt. Anderson has been awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. On that date, at the head of his flight of pursuit ships, Lt. Anderson attacked a superior force of enemy dive bombers, dispersing the hostile planes.

In this action, Lt. Anderson shot down an enemy observation plane. He then led his flight in an attack on a hostile bomber formation, forcing the bombers to release their bombs prematurely and harmlessly and to flee. Continuing the attack, Lt. Anderson then led his flight in a heavy machine-gun attack on an enemy truck convoy.

On Lt. Anderson’s return to the flying field, Gen. MacArthur personally decorated him on the spot with the Distinguished Service Cross.

On January 19, while again in the air, Lt. Anderson’s flight was attacked by a greatly superior number of Japanese planes. A strenuous fight ensued during which Lt. Anderson shot down another enemy plane – his last. His own plane was crippled and he bailed out.

Two Japanese planes followed him to the ground. His parachute was riddled with machine-gun bullets and, while hanging helplessly in the air, he was shot to death. Still not satisfied, one enemy plane returned to dive and machine-gun the crumpled body.

A final entry in the pilot’s diary of January 17 was not entirely decipherable but mentions the Bible.

Lt. Anderson’s next of kin is his mother, Mrs. R. R. Anderson, of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

There is nothing to report from other areas.

Communiqué No. 79

Philippine Theater.
There was practically no ground fighting on the Bataan Peninsula during the past 24 hours.

Two of Gen. MacArthur’s P-40 planes engaged in a thrilling encounter with three Japanese dive bombers.

Two of the enemy planes were shot down and the third disabled. Neither of our planes was injured.

Gen. MacArthur also reported an unusual combat which occurred two days ago between two of his motor torpedo boats and a formation of enemy dive bombers. When the officers commanding the torpedo boats observed two waves of enemy bombers approaching, they might easily have sought cover. Instead, they increased their speed, placing themselves directly in the line of flight of the second wave, and engaged the planes. The fire from the boats dispersed the hostile aircraft.

Three enemy planes were hit and when last observed were smoking and losing altitude rapidly. Officers and men of the crews of these boats were cited by Gen. MacArthur for gallantry.

United Kingdom.
Maj. Gen. James E. Chaney, who has been stationed in London for some time, and whose staff, under Brig. Gen. Charles L. Bolte as Chief of Staff, has been formed for several months, has taken over command of all U.S. Army forces in the United Kingdom.

There is nothing to report from other areas.

The Pittsburgh Press (January 27, 1942)

‘Incident’ not closed –
Congress set to push Pearl Harbor probe

War leadership on spot before Naval Affairs Committee
By James Shepley, United Press staff writer

Washington, Jan. 27 –
Rep. Melvin J. Haas (R-MN), ranking minority member of the House Naval Affairs Committee, said today he:

…can assure the country that the committee will make a thorough study of the Pearl Harbor situation and all that led up to it.

Mr. Maas made the statement after a secret committee session. He declined to reveal the nature of the committee discussion but said his conclusions was based on consultations with other members.

Chairman Carl Vinson (D-GA) also declined to reveal exactly what occurred in committee but said no question of investigating the Japanese Dec. 7 attack.

‘Mulling over’ process

Other committee members said Mr. Vinson told them, the committee would “mull over” the proposition and take it up later.

Mr. Maas said:

We want to study the fundamental factors that permitted Pearl Harbor to happen.

He said the committee would like to examine the extent of cooperation between the Army and Navy and proposals for a coordinated high command and:

…a closer relationship between the operation of diplomatic and military and naval operations.

What about the fleet

Mr. Maas said:

We want to know how much of what happened was caused by splitting the fleet. Was there an error in judgment as to policy ion the disposition of the fleet?

Mr. Maas said he agreed with the report of the inquiry board, headed by Supreme Court Justice Owen J. Roberts, that there was “dereliction of duty” on the part of top Hawaiian commanders, but he added that:

Washington is not blameless.

He said:

The fundamental fault is with the system, not with the individual.

Supreme council urged

Mr. Maas, a reserve colonel in the Marine Corps Air Force, contended that the Roberts report points toward establishment of an independent supreme war council, similar to one provided in a bill he has introduced.

The measure, which Mr. Maas said he spent many years drafting, would set up a staff limited to 100 men, independent of the Army or Navy, to map out the grand strategy of future campaigns and direct large scale operations in wartime.

Its members would be required to serve periods of time with all branches of the service – the Army, the Army Air Corps, the Navy, the Marine Corps – to assure an understanding of overall strategic problems.

Points to Russia

He said:

I think it is significant that the only reverse suffered by the German Army was at the hands of a totalitarian government [Russia]. Totalitarians powers are the only ones with high commands.

Mr. Maas, said another veteran Republican members of the committee, James W. Mott (OR) have insisted upon careful study of the Roberts report as a guide to future policy.

In the Senate, there was also apprehension that the circumstances at Pearl Harbor possibly may not be wholly eliminated by blaming Lt. Gen. Walter C. Short and Admiral Husband E. Kimmel for…

Closing postponed –
Brazil urged to delay break

Argentina, Chile stall for time at Rio
By Everett R. Holles, United Press staff writer

Rio de Janeiro, Jan. 27 –
Closing of the emergency conference of American foreign minsters, which had been scheduled for tonight, was postponed until 6 p.m. tomorrow amid indications that Argentina and Chile were bringing pressure on Brazil in the hope of at least delaying that nation’s break with the Axis.

Formal approval of at least some of 39 measures to drive Axis influence out of the Western Hemisphere and raise a barrier of military, economic and political defenses was to be undertaken today.

It was revealed authoritatively that Argentina and Chile, both of whom are facing isolation in their refusal to break with the Axis powers, were hopeful of forestalling a Brazilian diplomatic break with Germany, Japan and Italy, and were working for a postponement of it.

Want elections first

It had been expected that Brazil might announced its severance of Axis relations at the conference’s closing session but there were reports that Argentina and Chile were urging the Brazilians

Ecuador threatened to project her boundary dispute with Peru into the session unless Peru previously approves a formula for settlement of the century-old controversy that has intermittently flared into war.

More break with Axis

Otherwise, the conference promised to end in an imposing display of hemispheric solidarity. It has already borne fruit. Four more American republics have severed diplomatic relations with the Axis, raising to 17 the total of American nations which have declared war or broken relations.

Brazil is almost certain to break within a few days. Ecuador is ready to break as soon as the formula for settlement of her dispute is approved. Chile may sever relations after Sunday’s elections.

Enrique Ruiz Guiñazú, the Argentine Foreign Minister, was quoted last night that his nation would not break, but competent observers thought Argentina’s isolation would become so uncomfortable, and unprofitable, that she would have to change her mind.

Eight measures stressed

Approval of the 39 measures, of which the one recommending a break in diplomatic relations is the keystone, was regarded as a formality.

24 of the measures are political and 15 economic. The following eight put teeth into the…

Destroyer commissioned

New York, Jan. 27 –
The U.S. destroyer Rodman was commissioned today at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.