America at war! (1941– ) (Part 1)

Portugal favored for war exchanges

Washington (UP) –
Portugal, it appeared today, may be selected as the neutral ground where American diplomats from Axis countries and Axis diplomats from the Western Hemisphere will be exchanged.

Mass exchange of all diplomats – including those from Japan and the Far East – in Portugal involves a trip of thousands of miles for the affected nationals, but it appeared to be the only common meeting ground to which all the belligerent powers would assent.

A South American exchange point, it was understood, figured in some of the negotiations but was believed to have been abandoned in favor of Portugal.

Because of the difficulties of the exchange, it may be weeks or even months before it is accomplished.

WAR BULLETINS!

Germans execute 2 more in France

Berlin. Germany (UP) – (broadcast recorded in U.S.)
German dispatches from Paris said today that a French citizen of Paris and another of La Rochelle had been executed for actively supporting the “enemy.”

British bomb Bremen, Emden

London, England –
Royal Air Force bombers raided northwest Germany last night “in force” with strong attacks on the port of Bremen and Emden. The Air Ministry said that airdromes in Holland and the docks at Boulogne, France, were also bombed. Six planes are missing, the communiqué said.

Norwegian workers rounded up

Washington –
Nazis in Norway have started a roundup of Norwegian citizens and part of them are being sent to the Eastern Front for incorporation in German work battalions, the Norwegian legation said today.

349 policemen held in South Africa

Johannesburg, South Africa –
Civilians “drafted” to aid loyal police guarded South Africa’s cities today as the government, holding 349 policemen for possible changes of high treason, widened an investigation into an “anti-British” plot. Authorities reported bombs, weapons and incriminating documents seized in mass arrests.

U.S. War Department (January 23, 1942)

Communiqué No. 71

The Japanese are continuing to launch heavy attacks on Gen. MacArthur’s position on the Bataan Peninsula. During the past 24 hours, the fighting has been extremely heavy. The enemy’s assault troops have been strongly reinforced.

Nevertheless, all Japanese attacks have been repulsed with heavy losses. Apparently the enemy has adopted a policy of continuous assaults, without regard to casualties, hoping by great superiority in numbers to crush the defending forces.

Gen. MacArthur is in receipt of a message from Gen. Sir Archibald Wavell warmly congratulating him and his command for their magnificent defense of the Philippines.

Reports from Mindanao disclosed that the Japanese troops occupying Davao have organized a local military force composed of some 10,000 Japanese residents of that community.

There is nothing to report from other areas.

The Pittsburgh Press (January 23, 1942)

Brazil warns two holdouts on Axis break

Showdown on ultimatum to Chile, Argentina due at parley
By Everett R. Holles, United Press staff writer

Rio de Janeiro, Jan. 23 –
Brazilian Foreign Minister Osvaldo Aranha was reported reliably to have telephoned high Argentine and Chilean officials today, warning of the consequences of isolation should they fail to sever relations with the Axis.

The deadline for action on the resolution may come at a meeting of the full hemisphere defense committee of the American foreign ministers’ conference, scheduled late today. A counteroffer on the resolution, received from Acting President Ramón S. Castillo of Argentina, was taken to the Foreign Office by Argentine Foreign Minister Enrique Ruiz Guiñazú.

Welles attends parley

The conference was attended by Aranha, United States Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles and Mexican Foreign Minister Ezequiel Padilla.

Optimism increased following the three-hour conference which was also attended by Chilean Foreign Minister Juan B. Rossetti.

Ruiz Guiñazú said “there is a possibility of a public session this afternoon,” indicating that an accord might be announced. Rossetti said:

There will be concrete and final decisions this afternoon. Continental solidarity will not be broken.

The controversy hinges on the phrasing of the text. Brazilians said they were confident that the deadlock over the resolution would be broken today. However, it was believed that the other 20 American nations would proceed to approve the severance resolution today regardless of Argentina’s action.

It had been believed earlier that Chile would sign the resolution, but the report that Aranha had telephoned Santiago raised some doubt as to her present position.

Authorized signing

Chile had been cool toward the severance resolution for a week, but yesterday the government authorized its Foreign Minister, Juan B. Rossetti, to accept a redraft resolution. Ruiz Guiñazú had also accepted the redraft, providing that each nation must have approval by its Congress or executive branch before severing relations, but his government later ordered him to reject it. He had been sent to Rio de Janeiro with full powers.

Argentina balked at two words in…

His number’s up! –
Mrs. Roosevelt protégé classified 1-A in draft

By Frederick Woltman, Scripps-Howard staff writer

New York, Jan. 23 –
Joseph P. Lash, for whom Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt has been trying to get a commission in Naval Intelligence, will be called up by his local draft board “in the matter of a few weeks,” the New York World-Telegram learned from Selective Service sources today.

Within the week, he will be notified that Local Board 19, Manhattan, has reclassified him from 1-H (over 28, with no dependents) to 1-A. After that, he will be called for his pre-induction physical examination within the following few weeks.

Yesterday it was disclosed in Washington that Mrs. Roosevelt had arranged with Rep. Martin Dies for her protégé to appear once more before the Dies Committee. He spent several hours in secret session with the committee Wednesday night.

Mrs. Roosevelt’s purpose in arranging for the conference, it was said, was to correct Mr. Lash’s record before the Dies Committee in order to facilitate his getting a Navy commission.

Several weeks ago, the Navy Department turned down his application for a commission. Its rejection followed an exhaustive inquiry by…

Dutch planes score hits on 8 enemy ships

Bombing attack intercepts invasion attempt in east Borneo
By John R. Morris, United Press staff writer

Batavia, NEI, Jan. 23 –
Dutch warplanes, striking from secret jungle bases, intercepted a Japanese invasion thrust toward the oil-rich east coast of Borneo today and blasted eight enemy warships and transports with a dozen direct bomb hits.

Heavy damage and loss of life was reported as a result of the surprise attack, in which Dutch and American-made heavy bombers struck one of the most furious blows of the war against the Japanese offensive into the East Indies.

The new Dutch successes brought to 32 the total of Japanese ships which were listed as sunk or probably sunk.

Big warship hit

The Japanese invasion fleet, according to a war communiqué, was caught in the Macassar Straits between Celebes and Borneo, presumably en route to the great oil port of Balikpapan, where the Dutch had already destroyed all installations and wells.

A big warship, believed to be a battleship, two cruisers, a destroyer and four transports were hit directly by Dutch bombs that ranged up to 660 pounds’ – sufficient to cause fatal damage to a warship in most instances and to sink a transport. One large transport was smashed by one of the heaviest bombs as was the big warship, the communiqué reported.

Dive bombers swooped down on two other large transports, a destroyer and a smaller vessel, scoring direct hits in all, according to the communiqué.

Official communiqué

Dutch planes also bombed Kuching, the capital of Japanese-held Sarawak, on the north coast of Borneo, setting fire to storage yards.

The communiqué said:

Today, bombers and fighters of the Royal Netherlands Army car…

U.S. beats off around-clock Luzon attack

MacArthur’s men take heavy toll as Japs try to wear them down
By Harrison Salisbury, United Press staff writer

A war correspondent with General MacArthur’s army today described the behind-the-lines activity and said morale is high on the Luzon front.

Washington, Jan. 23 –
General Douglas MacArthur’s forces are stubbornly blasting back at continuous, “extremely heavy” Jap attacks and have inflicted a large casualty toll on the enemy troops, the War Department reported today.

The communiqué reported that the battle – the biggest American war action since Argonne – has raged for the past 24 hours as the reinforced Jap troops smashed again and again at the short American positions on Bataan Peninsula.

Jap losses were reported “heavy” and the U.S. troops were said to have beaten off every attack thus far launched.

Try to wear down U.S. forces

The communiqué revealed that the Japanese have apparently placed their offensive on a 24-hour basis, hoping to wear down the American and Filipino troops by their superiority in numbers.

The War Department also said that General Sir Archibald Wavell, Supreme Commander of the Southwest Pacific for the United Nations, has sent General MacArthur a message:

…warmly congratulating him and his command for their magnificent defense of the Philippines.

Describing combat operations. the War Department said:

During the past 24 hours, the fighting has been extremely heavy. The enemy’s assault troops have been strongly reinforced.

Nevertheless, all Japanese attacks have been repulsed with heavy losses. Apparently the enemy has adopted a policy of continuous assaults, without regard to casualties, hoping by great superiority in numbers to crush the defending forces.

MacArthur’s spies report again

How long the outnumbered American forces can hold out under the storm of Jap attacks – which is backed by the full resources of Japan’s 14th Army plus special units and constantly arriving reinforcements – was not certain.

But it was evident that General MacArthur and his men are giving an exhibition to the best in American history.

General MacArthur again furnished evidence of the efficiency of his espionage and loyal communications network functioning behind the Jap lines. He sent to Washington another report on developments on the Jap-held island of Mindanao. The report said that the Japanese at Davao had organized a militia of 10,000 Japanese local residents presumably to aid in the task of controlling the far-flung territory and reducing the strain and dispersion of purely military forces.

Meanwhile, America’s High Command bent every effort to rush U.S. …

Attack broken up –
U.S., British fliers blast 19 Jap planes at Rangoon

By F. M. Fisher, United Press staff writer

Chungking, China, Jan. 23 –
American, British and Chinese fliers were reported officially today to have dropped 20 tons of bombs on Japan’s Indochinese base at Hanoi and to have shot down 19 to 26 out of an estimated 70 enemy aircraft vainly attempting to raid the Burmese port of Rangoon.

The aerial defense of Rangoon and the Burma Road by planes of the American Volunteer Group and the Royal Air Force was said by the Rangoon radio to have struck one of the heaviest blows of the war at the Japanese Air Force.

19 enemy planes were definitely shot down, the radio said, while seven others were probably destroyed. If all 26 were knocked out, the Allied fights would have inflicted a prohibitive loss of more than 35%.

Military experts consider a loss of 10% disastrous.

British aerial defenses were also reported greatly improved in the Singapore area where new Hurricane fighters were said to be turning back all enemy craft today. It was indicated that big Allied aerial reinforcements had reached the entire Far Eastern zone as the Dutch also launched a furious air attack that scored direct hits on eight enemy ships.

Not a single Japanese bomber got through the British-American fighters and not a bomb dropped on…

Parry

I DARE SAY —
Men and stars

By Florence Fisher Parry

Under what stars were Herbert Hoover and Charles Lindbergh born that only the dregs of fame were theirs to know, while others tasted nectar?

I think that if you were to search the history books, you would find no more tragic miscarriage of fortune than in the histories of these two men. Both of them outlived their fame. Both, honest to the point of obsession, made enemies of the very ones they sought to persuade. In the face of unrelenting opposition, both held fast to unpopular conviction, brooking no compromise, accepting all punishment. Both, possessed of unlimited power, failed to exert that power, at least successfully. Both – each in his uncompromising way – were patriots, are patriots, of the first order. Mistaken patriots, heaven knows, unpopular patriots. But who would say that either of these Americans ever meant to play their country false?

I could trust these men on oath. I do not believe that either man is capable of telling a lie. There are few human beings of whom this could be said. Give them their due, they are honest men.

What, then, stepped in to deprive them of the honors they worked so assiduously to deserve?

I think you will find that in the case of both these Americans, their failure can be attributed to two things. An utter lack of a sense of TIMING, and an utter lack of what we might call the human touch.

They had no GIVE, that most human of attributes!

There is a time and place for all things. These men seemed utterly insensible to this. It is conceivable that Lindbergh’s “America First” ideology could have fitted into the American tempo of thought some years ago. But he TIMED it wrong. By the time he articulated it, it was no longer true.

Untimely book

Perhaps no book ever to be published was so badly timed as Herbert’s Hoover’s America’s First Crusade. Its appearance upon our book stalls today is glaring evidence of its author’s utter incapacity to approximate the American mood! Never mind if this book WAS begun seven years ago. Seven years ago, it would have made consistent reading. But just because it was true then by no means assumes that is is true now. Mr. Hoover’s inflexible mind works on the premise that truth does not change. Well, it does. It does. Nothing has been found to be more perishable!

So in the case of both of these ill-starred men, a lack of any sense of TIMING worked their ruin as important public figures. They simply didn’t synchronize with the speeding events of their day.

It was as though they drew a solitary circle around themselves and let no human being pass over. They were lonely men, I think unhappy men, who might have liked to be different but knew not how to be so. Such solitaries can never feel the mood and tempo of their fellow man. And insensible to it, they are sure to make appalling blunders.

The example of their failure affords us a happy contemplation, however. For it serves to remind us of others, not of their moral breed but of their lonely temperament of whom we can expect ultimate failure, also.

Hitler.
Mussolini.

The one, Hitler, has a sense of timing, of synchronization, amounting to genius. But it will fail him in the end, for he lacks the human touch.

The other, Mussolini, has neither a sense of timing nor the human touch. He times his entrance in the war badly. He did not approximate the temper of his people.

The Japanese warlords, too, display the same weakness. They have shown themselves to be past masters at timing; but they lack the human touch. Churchill thunders:

What kind of people do they think we are?

And sizes them up in a nutshell.

So we can assume that they will ultimately fail. Because, in order to succeed in this fevered era, one has to have a sense of TIMING, plus the human touch.

Men of destiny

Churchill has it. Roosevelt has it. Willkie has it. They will succeed where the Lindberghs and the Hoovers of this world, wherever they are, can never succeed. They have GIVE. They have that extrasensory awareness that tells them when TO and when NOT TO get response from THE PEOPLE. They know that they are powerless to act, however righteous and sure they may feel themselves to be, unless they touch a responsive chord in THE PEOPLE.

Had Lindbergh had this gift, had Hoover had it, they, too, would have made the stars look down.

I have included Wendell Willkie.

Yes, his work is still to do. Time moves fast and in a year is crowded, a decade’s history. There is much to do ahead; more than what has been done, is even now being done. It will require greatness in man wherever it can be found. The great men of this world can afford to wait and let their ordained task find them when the time comes.

What is a year or two or three or ten to a man like Wendell Willkie? He who said, just the other day:

I have made up my mind to dedicate the balance of my life to the preservation of free enterprise in America, regardless of whether or not I ever hold public office.

House will act on compromise price curb bill

Farm bloc’s 120% of parity plan cut out, minimums retained

Washington (UP) –
The House acts today on a compromise price control bill in which President Roosevelt’s Congressional lieutenants were forced to make concessions to the powerful farm bloc.

Final agreement by House and Senate conferees last night left in the measure four minimum standards below the highest of which Price Administrator Leon Henderson may not impose price ceilings, but eliminated the Senate’s war parity formula, embodied in the O’Mahoney Amendment, which would have permitted farm prices to rise to 120% of present parity.

Food price rise due

President Roosevelt personally entered the fight to condemn the O’Mahoney and other farm proposals and administration leaders fought it on the ground that it would permit a 25% increase in food costs.

Senator Prentiss M. Brown (D-MI) estimated that the compromise version would limit this margin for farm products to 10-15%. After farm prices rise by this amount, Mr. Henderson could, with the consent of Secretary of Agriculture Claude R. Wickard, began using the same ceiling controls to keep farm prices down as he could invoke for other commodities.

Conferees retained the Senate’s provision for giving Mr. Wickard veto power over Mr. Henderson’s farm prices – another amendment which Mr. Roosevelt sought to eliminate.

Licensing plan wins

The administration, however, won out in its fight for:

  • A system of licensing commodity dealers to enforce price regulations.

  • A single administrator in charge, with the House plan for a five-man appeals board eliminated.

  • Power for the administrator to buy and sell commodities when necessary to encourage production. This represented a compromise between the House, which provided only for buying of marginal products which would otherwise not be produced under price ceilings, and the Senate, which gave the administrator broad power to buy and sell to influence prices.

Four minimums set

The four minimum standards below the highest of which the price administrator may not fix the price on any farm commodity are these:

  1. The price of Oct. 1, 1941.
  2. The price of Dec. 15, 1941.
  3. 110% of parity.
  4. The average price from 1919 to 1929.

In addition, the administrator may not interfere with the Agriculture Department’s voluntary marketing agreements now in effect in 25 cities or feature such agreements made under the department’s existing power.

The agreement was not unanimous. Two of the House conferees – Rep. Jesse Wolcott (R-MI) and Charles L. Gifford (R-MA) – refused to sign. But leaders of the Senate and House groups predicted it was in such form that both Houses would accept it.

Newspapers criticized

The agreement was reached after Senators Josh Lee (D-OK) and Alexander Wiley (R-WI) in Senate speeches denounced newspapers for having “warped and grossly misrepresented” the farm bloc’s support of the O’Mahoney Amendment.

Senator Lee said it should be included in the bill on grounds that “fair prices” for agriculture should be counted as among the “essentials of winning the war.” Parity, which assures farmers an income equal to the average for the 1910-14 years, he said, “does not constitute a fair price – parity prices are too low.”

Senator Wiley charged the amendment had been given a “warped” presentation in the press and subjected to “a doubt and smear campaign.”

He said it was presented:

…unfairly by smug, complacent editorialists who don’t know their ABCs about this country.

U.S. War Department (January 24, 1942)

Army Communiqué No. 72

Philippine theater.
General MacArthur advises that he is in receipt of a proclamation signed by Lt. Gen. Masaharu Homma, Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese forces in the Philippines, greatly extending the lust of offenses punishable by death. The proclamation listed 17 categories covering a wide variety of offenses for which the death penalty is to be imposed on civilians in the occupied areas of the Philippines. The following is a list of the offenses catalogued in the proclamation:

  1. Rebellion against Japanese forces.

  2. Intentionally giving false directions to Japanese naval, land or air forces.

  3. Espionage: collecting or giving out military information to Philippine-American forces or to the public.

  4. Giving false information or spreading rumors of military importance.

  5. Damaging or destroying roads, waterways, bridges, railways, signs, telegraph or telephone lines or equipment, mail facilities; any other disturbance of traffic or communications.

  6. Damaging, destroying or burning houses, warehouses, buildings, trains, autos, vehicles, ships, arms, ammunition, provisions, clothing or any other military equipment.


U.S. Navy Department (January 24, 1942)

Navy Communiqué No. 32

Far East.
The Navy Department has been advised by the Commander in Chief, Asiatic Fleet, that United States’ destroyers made a night attack on an enemy convoy in the Makassar Straits. Our forces made several torpedo hits and close range gun hits on destroyers and transports. The effect of the attack was that one large enemy ship was blown up; another was sunk; a third was listing heavily when last sighted, and considerable damage was inflicted upon other vessels.

Our destroyers received only slight damage. Our only casualties were four men wounded, one seriously and three slightly.

Atlantic Area.
Enemy submarines are operating off the East Coast of the United States as far south as Savannah, Ga. Countermeasures against their activities are continuing with favorable results.

There is nothing to report from other areas.

The Pittsburgh Press (January 24, 1942)

Americas begin ouster of Axis

Peru cuts ties; Brazil to publish threats
By Everett R. Holles, United Press staff writer

Rio de Janeiro, Jan. 24 –
Pan-America began breaking diplomatic relations with the Axis today and Brazil prepared to publish threats by which Germany, Italy and Japan vainly attempted to intimidate the conference of American foreign ministers.

Peru was the first to break relations under a resolution unanimously adopted by the conference, but Brazil announced that the Rio de Janeiro government had “practically broken off relations” and would make the action formal early in February.

It was reported that the decree by which Brazil will break relations with the Axis had already been signed, to become effective in 10 days.

Uruguay, Bolivia and Paraguay said that similar action was being taken immediately and it appeared that only Argentina and Chile might delay until after forthcoming elections in those countries. Both Argentina and Chile, however, have joined in the resolution calling for a diplomatic break within constitutional limitations.

Meanwhile, the conference committees completed the arrangements for rupture with the Axis by ap…

WAR BULLETINS!

French riot in food shortage

New York, Jan. 24 –
Private advices from Europe to the United States said today that a growing food shortage in unoccupied France had resulted in a Cabinet crisis and might result soon in the ousting of Paul Charbin, Secretary of State for Food Supply. The advices told of bread riots at the Mediterranean port of Sète Tuesday during an inspection by Minister of National Economy Yves Bouthillier, sent by the Cabinet to investigate the food crisis.

Spain revises army command

Berlin, Jan. 24 – (official broadcast)
A German news agency dispatch from Madrid said today the Spanish Cabinet had agreed to “important” changes in military command, with new jurisdiction established for coastal areas. New commanders were also appointed for the Engineer Corps and Spanish divisions in Morocco.

Admiralty chief sees Far East victory

Southport, England, Jan. 24 –
The combined strength of the American and British navies will bring victory in the Far East, First Lord of the Admiralty Albert V. Alexander said today. He said:

These are more difficult days than the days of Drake and Nelson. Nothing greater has been performed in the past than by the Navy of today.

Hoarding forces action –
Sugar to be rationed

Cards will be issued in about three weeks to combat first serious food shortage since start of war

Washington, Jan. 24 (UP) –
Sugar rationing cards will be issued in about three weeks to combat the nation’s first serious food shortage since World War II began.

The cards now are being prepared for printing.

Present stores of sugar have been held to 1940 monthly levels by an OPM order, but “scare” stories and an actual shortage resulting from curtailed imports from the Pacific area have encouraged hoarding and necessitated immediate action to prevent unfair storing up of supplies, officials said.

In addition to lack of imports from the Philippines and Hawaii, the unparalleled use of sugar in making explosives has contributed to the current situation and has made conservation imperative.

Spokesmen intimated no further restrictions will be taken before the cards are issued since supplies permitted wholesalers are already curtailed to prevent building up stocks for future high prices. Another step taken to prevent warehouse hoarding was the establishment last December of a 3.74¢ maximum price of raw sugar and 5.45¢ price on refine sugar sold by refiners to wholesale dealers.

These steps may not be limited entirely to sugar in the future, it was predicted, since other vital food products may become unavailable and rationing cards may be issued for them.

The United States in the past has…

U-boat sunk, Navy discloses

‘One-way’ trips increase; secrecy stressed

Washington, Jan. 24 (UP) –
The Navy, by rerouting ships and destroying or capturing German submarines, was “taking care” of the shipping situation along the Atlantic Coast today.

More than 48 hours has passed since the last Navy announcement of a shipping loss. While that does not mean that there have been no attacks, it is a distinct improvement over a few days ago when reports of attacks were being issued almost daily.

Six vessels were sunk or damaged in the week before the present lull.

A Navy spokesman late yesterday confirmed that:

…some of the recent visitors to our territorial waters will never enjoy the return trip portion of their voyage.

He said:

The percentage of one-way traffic is increasing while that of two-way traffic is satisfactorily on the decline.

He referred to “many rumors and unofficial reports” about the capture or destruction of enemy submarines, but said no accurate information would be announced until:

…that information is no longer of aid and comfort to the enemy.

He said:

This is a phase of the game of war secrecy into which every American should enter enthusiastically.

He stressed the important of remaining silent about countermeasures…

Japs break MacArthur’s lines; both sides suffer big losses

Enemy gains in drives on Singapore, Burma and Australian isles
By Harrison Salisbury, United Press staff writer

Washington, Jan. 24 –
Terrific Japanese attacks, supported by naval vessels and aircraft, have driven wedges into General Douglas MacArthur’s Bataan lines and captured some positions on the west coast of the peninsula, the War Department reported today.

“Heavy” losses were inflicted upon the Japanese, the communiqué said, but for the first time since the war in the Philippines started, it was admitted that the American defenders also suffered “heavy” losses – losses they could ill afford.

General MacArthur’s men, fatigued by constant fighting and outnumbered by the powerfully reinforced Japanese troops, launched counterattack after counterattack.

The counterattacks succeeded in recovering some of the lost positions, but others, it was admitted, remained in Japanese control.

The communiqué indicated for the first time that General MacArthur may be in serious difficulty to maintain his lines on Bataan Peninsula. The climax of the big Japanese drive appeared to be approaching.

May fall back to Corregidor

The communiqué reported:

Though fatigues from constant fighting, American and Philippine troops continued the stubborn resistance, contesting savagely every advance made by the enemy.

Their enthusiasm, courage and devotion are undiminished.

The communiqué mentioned no place names on the west Bataan shore where the battle was at its height. However, Japanese reports have claimed the capture of Moron, almost halfway down the peninsula, and indicate that a drive is rapidly developing for Bagac, which is linked with the east Bataan coast by the only east-west highway across the peninsula.

The communiqué did not indicate whether the Japanese attack has developed sufficient momentum to endanger General MacArthur’s entire position on Bataan Peninsula.

More planes in action

However, it was notable that it was the first time since General MacArthur took up his lines there that he had officially admitted the apparently permanent loss of positions on the peninsula.

It was presumed that if Japanese pressure grows too severe, General…

Aussies map second plea for U.S. help

Invasion threat grows as Japs land on isles near continent
By Brydon Taves, United Press staff writer

Bulletin

Washington, Jan. 24 –
Australian Minister Richard G. Casey will present to President Roosevelt today Australia’s imperative appeal for aid in resisting Japan.

Melbourne, Australia, Jan. 24 –
The government today ordered immediate mobilization of all home defense forces in full fighting strength to meet the urgent threat of a Jap attempt to invade Australia.

The mobilization order was issued after an emergency war cabinet meeting at which it was decided to send a second urgent appeal within 24 hours go President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill for immediate aid against bases northeast and northwest of Australia.

In New York, CBS heard Australian Prime Minister John Curtin broadcast over the Australian radio that:

…should Japanese aggression come to this country, Australia will duplicate the British policy of every village a strong point, every town a fortress and every man, woman and child a soldier.

Mr. Curtin said no towns or villages would be surrendered to the Japanese to avert their destruction.

Deputy Prime Minister F. M. Forde, who is also War Minister, conferred with General Vernon Sturdee, Chief of the General Staff, on defense measures.

The Canadian radio at Halifax reported in a broadcast recorded by the United Press that Mr. …

Dutch hit 3 Jap ships off Borneo

Bombs strike warship, two transports; one liner capsizes
By John R. Morris, United Press staff writer

Batavia, Jan. 24 –
Dutch Army bombers again today attacked Jap sea invasion forces, striking at eastern Borneo and scored direct hits on a warship and two transports, one of which capsized.

The Jap naval concentration, which suffered a dozen direct hits by Dutch bombs in eight vessels yesterday, was definitely attempting a new invasion in the oil-rich Balikpapan sector, a communiqué distributed by the Netherlands news agency said.

A destroyer and a large transport were directly hit, the official statement said, and a large passenger liner used for troops or supplies was capsized.

The attack brought the total of enemy ships blasted by Dutch bombs to 11 in two days.

The Dutch bombers again used 660-pound explosives in their attack on the enemy warships and two of the big bombs hit the passenger liner before she was destroyed.

A similar heavy bomb hit was scored on the Jap transport, knocking a big hole in the side of the ship.

Dive bombers scored hits on the destroyers.

None of the Dutch planes were lost.

The second attack on the Jap ships followed enemy bombing raids in Ternate Island and on Samarinda, on the east coast of Borneo.

Japs imperil Burma Road

Major battle impends for port of Moulmein
By Darrell Berrigan, United Press staff writer

Rangoon, Jan. 24 –
Invaders drove toward the Burma Road today and a major battle was apparently imminent for the port of Moulmein.

Burma’s defenders dropped back slowly to stronger positions on the narrow land front of northern Tenasserim, between the Thai frontier and the Gulf of Martaban, but in the air American and British planes looked for new battles after a smashing victory.

The defending airmen shot down at least 21 Jap planes from two swarms that attempted raids on Rangoon yesterday and for the moment at least held mastery of the air.

Imperials consolidate

On land, the British Imperials fell back from frontier outposts some 12 miles from the Thai border and 49 miles east of Moulmein, and were consolidating, with troops withdrawing from the southern Tenasserim zone, to defend the port.

The fighting was believed to have shifted eastward from dense natural cover, to the coastal plains where they were being forced into the open in flat rice land.

An official communiqué said the withdrawal was conducted after:

…a good fight with superior forces.

Bypass possible

There was little Japanese pressure at the moment and the commentator said it might be due to the fact that “we gave the enemy a hard crack” or that they were trying to bypass the defending forces.

The Imperial troops, he said:

…are in very good heart and not beaten.

The Japanese drive, supported by …

Walsh ‘lashes’ favoritism in draft issues

Senator denounces use of ‘political pull’ to win Navy commissions
By Daniel M. Kidney, Scripps-Howard staff writer

Washington, Jan. 24 –
Chairman David I. Walsh (D-MA) of the Senate Naval Affairs Committee today denounced the use of “personal favoritism and political pull” in attempting to get Navy commissions for men about to be drafted.

He said he was not familiar with the case of Joseph P. Lash, New York City, for whom Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt has been trying to get a commission in the Naval Intelligence Service, but added:

It would indeed be unfortunate if an investigation disclosed that personal favoritism or political pressure has been or is being sued in this instance.

Condemns Red groups

Meanwhile, Chairman Martin Dies (D-TX) of the House Un-American Activities Committee called a press conference to:

…tell the truth about the Lash case.

What he told was that Mr. Lash appeared before the committee in executive session on Wednesday to condemn all the communist-dominated organizations to which he belonged at the time of his public testimony before the committee here on Dec. 1, 1939. At that time, he was executive secretary of the American Student Union and a leader of the left-wing Youth Congress.

He was then, and is now, Mrs. Roosevelt’s protégé. Rep. Dies left that part out.

Not ‘whitewashed’

Mr. Dies didn’t mention that he was summoned to the White House for a long talk with Mrs. Roosevelt about Mr. Lash last week. Or that Mr. Lash’s second Dies Committee appearance was arranged upon the First Lady’s request. The purpose was to get his past record there cleared up so he could make a second try at getting into Naval Intelligence.

Rep. Dies did report that his committee had decided not to “whitewash” Mr. Lash. It merely added the new chapters to his record for use of:

Naval Intelligence, the Army, OCD, the draft board or any other defense agency that might want it.

Mr. Lash, who is 32, has escaped the draft so far. But he is being reclassified as 1-A and may find himself in an Army uniform soon.