Election 1944: Pre-convention news

[NormanStewart]

Background of news –
MacArthur complications

By Jay G. Hayden

Washington –
The letters exchanged by Gen. Douglas MacArthur and Rep. A. L. Miller of Nebraska and which Gen. MacArthur now says “were never intended for publication,” seem certain to have far-reaching repercussions with regard both to presidential politics and the war situation in the Pacific.

By the indirect process of approving statements made by Mr. Miller, Gen. MacArthur reveals himself as bitterly critical of the New Deal policies of President Roosevelt and at least a receptive candidate for the Presidency.

Further he sustains the inference contained in some of his earlier official communiqués, that he is dissatisfied with the tools of war that have been allotted him by Washington.

Not that Gen. MacArthur’s presidential prospect is advanced by this incident. To the contrary, it is the opinion of most of the neutral-minded political analysts that if anything further was needed to remove him as a serious contender, the letters have accomplished it.

A much more intriguing aspect of the letters is their added aggravation of an already-strained relationships between President Roosevelt and Gen. MacArthur.

It was Mr. Roosevelt’s removal of Gen. MacArthur as Chief of Staff in 1935 that caused him to resign his commission and become Commander-in-Chief of the Philippine Army.

Scope of command in doubt

When war broke, the President had no other recourse than to accept Gen. MacArthur’s tender of service and make him Commander-in-Chief of Philippine Defense, but even then, there were marked signs of White House perturbation over the situation.

When Gen. MacArthur made his dramatic exit to Australia, there was loud public demand that he be made commander-in-chief of all anti-Japanese forces. The President’s first announcement seemed to give him overall command of land, air and sea forces in the Southwest Pacific, but a little later, dispatches from that front pictured the Navy as refusing to accede to this arrangement.

A subsequent clarification gave Gen. MacArthur control of naval as well as land forces in the Australian area, but when the Battle of the Coral Sea came along, it developed that most of the ships and planes engaged were from the Hawaiian Command of Adm. Chester W. Nimitz.

Just now a situation is developing which may necessitate new chances in command. In the recent attack on Palau and other islands in the Western Carolines, the naval forces of Adms. Nimitz and Halsey for the first time were jointly engaged. Plainly the hour for grand assault by the whole American force in the Western Pacific, operating as one unit, is rapidly approaching, and this would seem to call for the designation of a single directing head – presumably either Gen. MacArthur or Adm. Nimitz.

If he’s demoted – look out!

If Mr. Roosevelt pursues his own inclination, there is very little doubt that Adm. Nimitz would be accorded command of at least all naval forces in this area.

But there is no gainsaying the existence of a political complication, now accentuated by the Miller-MacArthur letters. If Gen. MacArthur’s command is diminished, however slightly, the charge will arise that he has been demoted.

There is a historical parallel in the relationship of President Lincoln with Gen. George B. McClellan.

The latter, who reentered the Army from civil life when the war broke out, was a Democrat with powerful political connections. From the earliest stages of his command of the Army of the Potomac, he made it plain that he considered himself too important for the President to dare to fire. And when Mr. Lincoln’s great patience was finally exhausted and he did oust Gen. McClellan, the Democrats made him their presidential candidate in 1864.

[NormanStewart]

Primer for primaries –
Tickets will be chosen for 6 statewide races in Tuesday’s election

Candidates to be nominated for 33 seats, in Congress, 25 in State Senate, 208 in House
By Kermit McFarland

Pennsylvania this year will elect a U.S. Senator, an Auditor General, a State Treasurer, a justice of the State Supreme Court and two judges of the State Superior Court.

In addition to these statewide offices, the voters in Pennsylvania will elect 33 Congressmen, 25 State Senators and 208 members of the State House of Representatives.

At the primary next Tuesday, Republican and Democratic candidates for all these offices will be nominated. In addition, the voters at the Tuesday primary will elect delegates to the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, members of the state committees of both parties and members of the county committees of both parties.

Five contests

Among the statewide offices, there are actual contests for two Republican nominations and three Democratic nominations.

For the Democratic nomination for Auditor General, the candidates are John F. Breslin, now executive assistant in that office, and State Treasurer G. Harold Wagner. Mr. Wagner has been endorsed by the Democratic State Committee.

Mr. Breslin, 47, comes from Summit Hill, Carbon County, and has been executive assistant in the State Treasury, personnel secretary to Governor George H. Earle and a member of the State Labor Relations Board. He has been in the general contracting, lumber and building and loan business.

Completing term

Mr. Wagner, 43, comes from Dallas, Luzerne County, is completing a four-year term as State Treasurer, is a former burgess and has been in the accounting and publishing business.

The only other primary contests are for the two Democratic and the two Republican nominations for 10-year terms on the State Superior Court.

Entered in the Democratic primary are former Governor Arthur H. James, Judge Chester H. Rhodes and State Treasurer F. Clair Ross.

Entered in the Republican primary are Mr. James, Judge Rhodes and Judge J. Frank Graff of Kittanning.

Mr. James, former lieutenant governor, served on the Superior Court six years until he was elected Governor, and recently was reappointed to this bench by Governor Edward Martin. He is 60 and lives in Plymouth, Luzerne County.

Judge Rhodes, 56, comes from Stroudsburg and is the only Democrat on either Pennsylvania appellate court. He seeks a second 10-year term. He was a district attorney four years and a state legislator 10 years.

Lost to Governor Martin

Mr. Ross has been Auditor General, as well as State Treasurer and is a former deputy attorney general. He ran for Governor in 1942, but lost to Governor Martin. He is 49 and comes from Butler. If elected, he will be required to resign from the Treasurer’s office to be inducted as a Superior Court judge in January. His term as Treasurer will not expire until May 1945.

Judge Graff, like Judge James, has been endorsed by the Republican organization. He has been a judge in Armstrong County 20 years except for three months on the Superior Court by appointment in 1930. He resigned after losing in the Republican primary and was reappointed to his Common Pleas Court position. He is 54.

Davis runs again

For the other statewide nominations, candidates endorsed by the party organizations are unopposed. U.S. Senator James J. Davis of Pittsburgh seeks renomination on the Republican ticket for a third full term. He is 70 and was Secretary of Labor in the Harding, Coolidge and Hoover administrations.

The Democrats have slated Congressman Francis J. Myers of Philadelphia for this nomination. He is 42, a lawyer, and has served three terms in Congress.

Also at stake are nominations for a 21-year term on the State Supreme Court. The only Republican candidate is Justice Howard W. Hughes, now serving by appointment of Governor Martin, and the single Democratic candidate is Charles Alvin Jones, now on the Federal Circuit Court.

Graft trial judge

Justice Hughes, 52, lives in Washington, Pennsylvania, and before his appointment was a Common Pleas judge in Washington County nearly 15 years. He presided over some of the “graft” trials during the Earle administration. Mr. Jones, Democratic nominee for Governor in 1938, is 56 and comes from Edgeworth. He was appointed to the Circuit Court by President Roosevelt in 1939.

The nominations for the two parties for State Treasurer are also uncontested. The single Democratic candidate is Ramsey S. Black, 63, of Harrisburg, now third assistant postmaster general. The only Republican candidate is Edward W. Baird Jr., 46, of Philadelphia, now City Treasurer in the eastern city.

[NormanStewart]

Keys to GOP campaign held by governors

Dewey-Warren parlay favored in betting
By Thomas L. Stokes, Scripps-Howard staff writer

Washington –
State governors and state governor psychology are predominant in Republican affairs this election year. They lead among candidates for both the presidential and vice-presidential nomination.

There are 26 of them, executives in more than enough states to win the election. They will dominate the National Convention. Also, they will be effective in shaping one of the major issues of the party, revolving about what Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York calls “personal government.”

The Governor, the leading candidate for the nomination, set the tone for this issue in his latest speech giving an account of his stewardship in New York, a speech undoubtedly directed to the nation.

Cooperation cited

He spoke about the “spirit of teamwork” exhibited in his state “between the legislative and executive branches, working in cooperation with each other, with the people of the state, and with the local units of government which are closest to the people.”

He added:

We are striving to establish and maintain a genuinely competent and progressive government – in sharp contrast with that type of personal government which talks fine phrases of liberalism while seeking to impose its will and its whims upon the people through centralized bureaucracies issuing directives from a distance.

One of the surest bets anyone can make this year is that a governor will fill each end of the Republican ticket.

List named

Almost as sure a wager is that both the candidate for President and Vice President will come from this group of governors: Dewey, Saltonstall of Massachusetts, Bricker of Ohio, Baldwin of Connecticut, Griswold of Nebraska, Warren of California, and one not so long out of the governor’s chair, thrice elected, Stassen of Minnesota, now in the Navy.

Favored in betting odds is a Dewey-Warren parlay.

The Governors bring to the party vigor and practical experience in government. For the most part, they are more forward-looking in their thinking, both on domestic and international affairs.

Stress state rights

For the last two years, the Governors have concentrated on recovery by the states of some of the powers and functions they had yielded up to the federal government in the Depression years.

To their credit, the Governors did not content themselves with merely shooting about “state’s rights” as an abstraction as is so fashionable in some quarters. They recognized that if the states are to recapture some of the functions they previously had exercised, they must accept responsibility and take the initiative and see that the states meet the needs of the people in matters of social and economic welfare.

They saw the immediate need in planning for the post-war period. Many states have detailed plans for providing work for veterans, for retraining programs to fit former soldiers into industry, and have laid aside surpluses for this purpose.

[NormanStewart]

The Pittsburgh Press (April 19, 1944)

Warren selected to keynote GOP

Martin to become permanent chairman

Chicago, Illinois (UP) –
Governor Earl Warren of California was selected today to deliver the keynote address at the Republican National Convention in Chicago June 26.

The choice of Governor Warren as temporary chairman and keynoter was made by the 26-member convention arrangements committee headed by Walter S. Hallanan of West Virginia.

The keynote speech outlines the party’s views on national and international questions and generally sets the tone of the convention but the keynoters’ views are not binding upon the candidates.

The 1940 keynoter was LtCdr. Harold E. Stassen, who then was Governor of Minnesota.

As had been expected, the committee recommended Rep. Joseph W. Martin of Massachusetts, as permanent chairman of the convention.

Mr. Martin, minority leader of the House, was permanent chairman of the GOP convention four years ago.

Governor Warren was nominated for temporary chairman by William Reichel, national committeeman from California. Mr. Reichel, in proposing the California Governor, said he was not a candidate for the presidential nomination.

Approval is formality

The committee’s recommendation of Mr. Martin as permanent chairman must be approved by the convention, but the action is regarded only as a formality.

The selection of Governor Warren was made by acclamation after others who had been nominated withdrew.

Among those nominated only to decline later in favor of Governor Warren were: Rep. Clare Boothe Luce (R-CT), Iowa Governor Bourke Hickenlooper, New Jersey Governor Walter E. Edge, Nebraska Governor Dwight Griswold, Pennsylvania Governor Edward Martin, Illinois Governor Dwight Green, Senator Chapman Revercomb (R-WV), businessman and president of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Eric Johnston, and Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg (R-MI).

Other officers selected

Other temporary convention officers selected by the committee were Harold Mason of Vermont, secretary of the Republican National Committee, as temporary secretary of the convention; Victor MacKenzie of Oregon, as chief sergeant-at-arms, and Carroll Cate of Knoxville, Tennessee, as sergeant-at-arms.

Governor Warren, 53, has been Governor of California since Jan. 1, 1943. He was formerly Attorney General of California, and from 1925 to 1936 was District Attorney of Alameda County.

Although he is not an announced candidate for the Presidency, he is in line for support by the California convention delegation as a favorite son. The California Republican Assembly has voted to pledge the state’s convention delegation to him.

[NormanStewart]

Primer for primaries –
13 districts to name state legislature ticket; 2 nominate Senators

One contest involved Tuesday in 43rd and 45th; legislative races offer a wider selection
By Kermit McFarland

Allegheny County is represented in the State Legislature by 27 members of the House and six members of the Senate.

House members are elected every two years but Senators serve four-year terms. This year, Allegheny County will elect only two Senators.

House members are elected from 13 districts – one to four from each district.

Two Senators to be named

At the Tuesday primary, both primaries will nominate senatorial candidates in the 43rd and 45th senatorial districts. The 43rd takes in the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, 10th and 15th Wards of Pittsburgh. The 45th covers all of the wards and municipalities south of the Monongahela and Ohio Rivers except the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th Wards of Pittsburgh.

The only contest for a senatorial nomination is the Republican primary in the 45th district. The candidates are Thomas Lewis Jones, Charles W. Beckman and David C. Davies.

Mr. Jones, 35, is a Brentwood attorney, solicitor for Castle Shannon, a former assistant city solicitor. Mr. Davies, 50, is secretary to the County Controller, lives in Bethel Township, and was a candidate for County Treasurer in 1943. Mr. Beckman, 52, is a Mount Oliver auto dealer, served two terms as burgess and was a candidate for Congress in 1943 and for County Treasurer in 1939.

Cox is unopposed

The incumbent, Senator John Fremont Cox (Munhall lawyer), is unopposed in the Democratic primary. He was the Democratic nominee for District Attorney last year. He is 40.

In the 43rd district, the only candidates are Senator Joseph M. Barr, 38, of Shadyside, who seeks renomination on the Democratic ticket, and Joseph J. Conway, 47, of Morningside, candidate for the Republican nomination. Mr. Barr is secretary to the Democratic County Committee; Mr. Conway is a civil engineer.

In the legislative primaries, most of the nominations are being contested.

Here is a summary of the contests in the first six districts:

• FIRST DISTRICT

This is composed of the 1st, 3rd and 5th Wards. Reps. Homer S. Brown, an attorney, and Daniel A. Verona are candidates for renomination on the Democratic ticket, opposed by John L. Clark, a writer for The Pittsburgh Courier. Unopposed Republican candidates are William Tucker, a waiter, and Lucius Davenport, a food checker.

• SECOND DISTRICT

The 2nd, 6th, 9th and 10th Wards of the city make up this district. Four candidates seek the two Republican nominations: Bernyce Lysle (an “adjuster in service work” and former schoolteacher), Harry L. Truxell (a mechanic), Rudy Weber (a salesman) and Alexander Dlugonski (an assistant service manager for an auto company).

Unopposed for renomination on the Democratic ticket are Reps. George J. Sarraf (a physician) and Thomas P. Mooney (a glassworker), both of whom have been legislators five terms.

• THIRD DISTRICT

This district, electing one legislator, is composed of the 4th and 15th Wards. The Republican nomination is being contested by John H. Carr (a clerk and former alderman), Paul E. Doelfel (a wireman, formerly employed in the sheriff’s office) and Michael R. Chasser (pharmacist for the State Welfare Department).

Democratic Rep. Edward A. Schuster is unopposed for renomination.

• FOURTH DISTRICT

The 4th is the only legislative district in Pittsburgh represented by a Republican, real estate dealer O. B. Hannon. Mr. Hannon, who has served one term, is opposed in the primary by Harry Berger Ackermann (former legislator) and Edward W. Brinling (a painting contractor).

On the Democratic side, the nomination is contested by Michael J. Holland (a city fireman) and former Mayor William N. McNair, who has been endorsed by the organization. The district is composed of the 7th, 8th and 11th Wards.

• FIFTH DISTRICT

Made up of the 12th, 13th and 14th Wards, this district elects one legislator. Seeking renomination for a third term is Democratic Rep. John R. Bentley, an attorney. He is opposed by Julius Zangrille, a plumber put in the race by Charles A. Papale, 12th Ward Democratic boss, who has split with the organization over patronage.

The Republican nomination is sought by Charles M. Christler (lawyer and former legislator), Thomas J. Jones (14th Ward constable), William F. White (restaurant operator), Samuel Avins (attorney) and Kenneth H. Davies (14th Ward alderman).

• SIXTH DISTRICT

Each party will nominate three candidates in this district. Four Democrats and nine Republicans seek these nominations. Because there has been no legislative reapportionment in 40 or 50 years, this district has been chopped up by annexations to the city, and takes in the first nine precincts of the 16th Ward, the 17th, all except parts of two precincts in the 18th, the 19th and most of the 20th and 28th.

The three Democratic incumbents face opposition only from Stanley Poremski, a county maintenance man. The present representatives are Thomas J. Kirley (police lieutenant), John J. Baker (water assessor), and Louis Leonard (a personnel manager and former steelworkers’ union official).

Running for the three Republican nominations are Nelson T. Miller (public school teacher), William J. Crowley Jr. (a tool room attendant), Paul A. Schullo (secretary at a shipbuilding company), John A. Manzione (insurance dealer), Frank Petrolio (a deputy sheriff), Harry R. Hooton (chiropractor), Basil Onyshkow (an attorney), John A. Weiland (insurance salesman), and Martin P. Burke (buyer for a grocery concern).

[NormanStewart]

Roberts balks at rumors of candidacy

Pew may woo judge of Supreme Court

Washington –
Associate Justice Owen J. Roberts of the U.S. Supreme Court is not a candidate – dark horse, favorite son, or any other variety – for the Republican nomination for the Presidency.

Published statements that several groups in the Republican organization are eyeing Mr. Roberts as a possible candidate on the ground that he could make a stronger campaign, and appeal to more elements of the party than New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey, left the Supreme Court jurist unimpressed.

Earlier talk scorned

There was similar mention of the Supreme Court member from Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 1932, 1936 and 1940, but Justice Roberts each time ignored talk of his possible candidacy.

He is ignoring it this time, in the same way. He will make no statement, since he considers the whole thing “silly.”

Mr. Roberts, a member of the court since 1930 and now its second ranking member, is one of the two Republicans on the highest bench.

On world politics

This year, there is even more substance to the talk of Mr. Roberts, in view of his announced stand for strong participation by the U.S. in international affairs in the post-war period.

Joseph N. Pew Jr. Philadelphia oil man, has reportedly as many as 100 Southern delegates to add to Pennsylvania’s 70 delegates in the Republican convention. Four years ago, he and Joseph R. Grundy, Pennsylvania Manufacturers Association leader, rallied the state’s 64 delegated and a few others around the then Governor Arthur H. James until after Wendell L. Willkie was assured of nomination.

Pew’s strategy?

Should Mr. Pew decide to join the “Stop Dewey” movement, he could augment his strength by allying himself with other GOP factions who want to see a candidate with a stronger record as to foreign policy and as to governmental service, according to this line of reasoning.

Mr. Roberts is 69 and in vigorous health. A former University of Pennsylvania law professor, he was special prosecutor for the government in espionage cases in Eastern Pennsylvania during the last war and in the Teapot Dome oil scandal after the war. He was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Hoover.

[NormanStewart]

The Pittsburgh Press (April 20, 1944)

Primer for primaries –
Legislative contests slated in all but two districts in county

Endorsements by party organizations unopposed in 11th and 13th
By Kermit McFarland

Contests for legislative nominations in one or both parties are underway in all the legislative districts of Allegheny County except the 11th and 13th, where organization endorsements by both the Democrats and Republicans weeded out all opposition.

A summary of the lineups by districts follows:

• SEVENTH DISTRICT

Composed of the 22nd, 23rd, 24th and 25th Wards on the North Side.

Rep. John L. Powers, who was first elected in the Roosevelt landslide of 1932, and Rep. Martin C. Mihm, elected in 1936, are Democratic candidates for renomination with organization endorsement. Mr. Powers is a decorator and Mr. Mihm is an attorney.

They are opposed by Paul W. Trimbel of Arch Street (operator of a laundry equipment service) and Raymond J. Wiegand (a patrolman).

For the Republican nominations, the only two candidates are Clarence A. Schaub (business agent for the hotel and restaurant employees’ union) and Louis M. Hubert (a drayman who is also Republican chairman of the 24th Ward).

• EIGHTH DISTRICT

Composed of the 21st, 26th and 27th Wards, this district also elects two members.

Candidates for the two Democratic nominations are Maurine L. Reynolds (seeking a third term in the Legislature), Thomas V. McNally (a clerk in the Prothonotary’s office and formerly

Republican rivalry is divided among three candidates: John R. Callahan (owner of a transportation line), Albert M. Bell (who lists himself as a defense worker) ad Ward C. Sanders (a police lieutenant). Mr. Bell and Mr. Sanders have been candidates before. Mr. Callahan is a fresh candidate.

• NINTH DISTRICT

The 9th district is McKeesport.

Rep. William J. Yester, seeking a third term, is opposed for the Democratic nomination by Joseph M. LeRosa (manager of a beauty salon). Mr. Yester is an optometrist. Richard F. Watson (paint engineer) is unopposed for the Republican nomination.

• TENTH DISTRICT

This district, taking in the Turtle Creek Valley and the municipalities east of the Monongahela, elects four legislators.

Six candidates are out for the four Republican nominations:

• Robert J. Strathearn of Swissvale (an auditor and former deputy in the local Internal Revenue Bureau office)

• Albert E. Beech of Wilkinsburg (a clerk for the State Labor and Industry Department)

• William P. H. Johnson of Penn Township (an auto dealer)

• Walter C. Feick of Glassport (a dentist and former school director)

• John Wayne Judge of Pitcairn (clerk for a machine company)

• Paul M. Bardes of Oakmont (real estate and insurance broker, former legislator and former squire).

The Democratic organization’s slate in this district is unopposed. It consists of Reps. Thomas J. Heatherington of Versailles Township (a foreman for the County Public Works Department), J. P. Moran of Turtle Creek (a machinist), and B. Frank Hunter of Wilkinsburg (assistant County Paymaster), and also William L. Shaffer (North Braddock lawyer who served one term in the House and two years ago was a candidate for the Senate).

• ELEVENTH DISTRICT

There are no contests in either party for legislative nominations in this district, composed of the 31st Ward of Pittsburgh, Clairton, Duquesne, Dravosburg, Homestead, Munhall, West Elizabeth, West Homestead, West Mifflin, Whitaker and Jefferson Township.

Reps. Thomas E. Barrett of Homestead (secretary in the Clerk of Courts office) and David M. Boies (Clairton dentist) are unopposed for renomination on the Democratic ticket. James F. Lawry (West Mifflin steelworker) and Lida R. Lutz (Clairton hardware merchant) are the candidates for Republican nominations.

• TWELFTH DISTRICT

This is a big district, electing four legislators, taking in the 29th, 30th and 32nd Wards of the city and all the boroughs and townships south of the rivers not included in the 11th district.

Six candidates seek the four Republican nominations, including the four incumbents.

Aspiring to renomination are Reps. Edwin C. Ewing (Mount Lebanon sales engineer), George W. Cooper (Mount Lebanon lawyer), John R. Haudenshield of Carnegie (secretary to a building and loan association), and Norman H. Laughner (a hauling contractor of Glenwillard). Running against this slate are Irwin I. Tryon of Baldwin Township (attorney) and Samuel K. Calhoun (ret.) of Mount Oliver.

• THIRTEENTH DISTRICT

This district is without primary contests for legislative nominations.

The Democratic candidates for the two nominations are David M. Huston (son of Register of Wills), John M. Huston of Allison Park, and L. C. Lockerman (Cheswick merchant and president of the borough school board).

Republican candidates are Rep. Robert D. Fleming (Aspinwall insurance agent) and George D. Stuart of Tarentum (editor of the Valley Daily News).

The district takes in all the boroughs and townships north of the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers.

[NormanStewart]

Stokes: Warren out of race for Vice President

Eliminated by choice as GOP keynoter
By Thomas L. Stokes, Scripps-Howard staff writer

Washington –
The selection of Governor Earl Warren of California as keynote speaker of the Republican conventions eliminates him as a possible vice-presidential nominee, for which he had been mentioned as running mate with New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey.

Instead, the inclination of Republican leaders is to pick their vice-presidential candidate from the Midwest.

This was the word received here from the meeting of the arrangements committee of the Republican National Committee which also recommended that the convention again elect Rep. Joseph W. Martin (R-MA) as permanent chairman, as it did in 1940.

3 others suggested

It is customary to select both as keynote speaker and as permanent chairman men who are not candidates for the presidential or vice-presidential nomination, for the obvious reason that these positions should not be used to promote candidacies or influence the convention.

It was with the understanding that Governor Warren is not a candidate for second place on the ticket that he was chosen to deliver the keynote address, it was learned.

Among Midwesterners available for second place on the ticket, those mentioned most prominently are Ohio Governor John Bricker, now campaigning for the presidential nomination, Rep. Charles A. Halleck (R-IN), a House leader and chairman of the Republican Congressional Campaign Committee, and Rep. Everett M. Dirksen (R-IL), who is also an announced candidate for the presidential nomination.

Gesture of governors

The selection of Governor Warren for the keynote address was recognition of the importance of California in Republican consideration, and a gesture to the 26 Republican governors who have assumed major influence in party councils and affairs. The governors will be powerful in the convention.

Governor Warren will have control of California’s 50 votes at the convention. Delegates will be elected at the May 2 primary. The delegation will be uninstructed.

Prefers Cabinet post

The Governor, it is said, was averse to the vice-presidential nomination, for which he has been prominently mentioned. He would prefer a Cabinet post as Attorney General, should the Republicans win, it is reported, because of experience fitting him for such a position. He was Attorney General of California for eight years.

The elimination of Senator Arthur Vandenberg (R-MI) as the keynote speaker, for which he was considered, was regarded here as due to his championship of the nomination of Gen. Douglas MacArthur who has won virtually no support among Republican leaders.

The Senator is reported now as cooling off considerably toward the general as the result of his letters to Rep. A. L. Miller (R-NE), recently made public by the Congressman, and the Senator said to be drifting toward the Dewey camp.

[NormanStewart]

The Pittsburgh Press (April 21, 1944)

GOP given policy outline

Washington (UP) –
Chairman Robert A. Taft (R-OH) of the Senate Republican Steering Committee, today submitted to his GOP colleagues a list of legislative topics for study in developing an affirmative Republican program “in this and the next session of Congress.”

Mr. Taft suggested the following topics for study and action “within the next year and a half:”

• Current legislative problems – such matters as the anti-poll-tax bill, reconversion and Lend-Lease.

• Post-war program – including stimulation of business and employment, Social Security, government reform and foreign policy.

[NormanStewart]

Editorial: Disagreement, not disunity

As the presidential election draws nearer, criticism of the present administration is bound to grow sharper and more frequent.

This is only natural in a democracy where the pros and cons of vital issues may be debated publicly even during a war.

Though this precious privilege carries with it the grave responsibility of refraining from loose invective which may harm the nation’s relationships with its Allies, it does not – as many administration leaders would have us believe – require silent acquiescence to error in the name of unity.

Disagreement in a democracy is not a sign of disunity. On the contrary, it is a sign of vigor an outward reminder that a people united for victory in the battle for world freedom remains ever-jealous to safeguard its own.

Political hatchet men who always are anxious to brand administration critics as breeders of disunity will perform an invaluable service to democracy – and help maintain national unity – if they will desist them such national unity – if they will desist from such charges and accept the challenge to discuss the many vital issues in open, frank debate.

As Senator Bridges aptly put it:

The consent of the governed is not an unlimited license conferred upon government, once in four years, to do what it pleases, and no questions asked. On the contrary, if democratic self-government is not to be perverted into arbitrary authority, that consent must be continuous…

The free interplay between government and people, day after day is what gives democracy its living quality. It is a current of contact, a flow of popular energy, that cannot be broken without doing violence to the heart and vitals of our democracy. Its expression must remain varied and manifold; not only approval but dissent, not only applause but sharp protest, not only hurrah-shouting but open and courageous opposition…

Public opinion is a force that constantly reaffirms that mandate residing in government; but it is also a constant brake and corrective on officialdom as well…

A lively and unhampered public opinion is not a luxury reserved for bright, clear days. It is a necessity, basic and indispensable, especially in periods of trouble and social challenge. The test of any system of government is in times of crisis, and American democracy is no exception in this respect.

The next administration, faced as it will be by the difficult task of restoring order at home and abroad, cannot hope to succeed without the support of a well-informed people united in common understanding.

Disagreement is not disunity – and silence does not bespeak patriotism.

[NormanStewart]

Editorial: The freedom not to run

Gen. MacArthur has as much right to be not-a-candidate for President as Mr. Dewey has, or as Mr. Roosevelt has.

[NormanStewart]

Stokes: Second place stirs hopefuls in GOP race

Backers capitalize on Stassen’s vote
By Thomas L. Stokes, Scripps-Howard staff writer

Washington –
The race for the Republican vice-presidential nomination has opened up again and sponsors of a whole assembly of hopefuls have begun to embroider the qualifications of their candidates.

This has come about by selection of Governor Earl Warren of California as keynoters of the Republican Convention which, under long-established custom, is regarded as a [] to nomination for either first or second place. The broad-shouldered Californian had been linked generally as a running mate for Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York.

Champions of LtCdr. Harold Stassen, ex-Governor of Minnesota, were among the first to seize the opening to push him forward as vice-presidential candidate. They capitalized upon his recent victory in the presidential preference primary in Nebraska and his placing ahead of Wendell L. Willkie in the Wisconsin primary, despite the fact that he could appear personally.

Brace of youngsters

A Dewey-Stassen ticket would be a brace of youngsters. The former was 42 in March; the latter was 37 only a few days ago.

The Midwest is now regarded as the hunting ground for a vice-presidential candidate. Ex-Governor Stassen fulfills that geographical qualification.

His chief claim, beyond his record as three-time Governor of Minnesota, would be his attraction to those – Republicans as well as independent voters – who are for a strong post-war international organization to keep the peace. He campaigned for a specific plan of post-war organization before he left for the Navy.

His nomination, it is argued, would strengthen the ticket to meet the administration’s emphasis on post-war international collaboration, and the young, forceful man would be effective as a campaigner.

Others mentioned

Another Midwestern governor who has been making the most active national campaign for the presidential nomination, Ohio Governor John W. Bricker, also has a high rating among the bookmakers as a running mate for Governor Dewey, Nebraska Governor Dwight Griswold also has his eyes on second place on the ticket.

Some observers are inclined to think Republicans might go to the House or Senate for a vice-presidential candidate because of their stress on cooperation between the President and Congress. Mentioned in this category is Rep. Everett Dirksen (R-IL), one of the able and vigorous younger members of the House who is conducting a whirlwind campaign for the presidential nomination, though creating no sensation so far.

Another being talked of is Rep. Charles Halleck (R-IN), chairman of the Republican Congressional Campaign Committee, who nominated Mr. Willkie at the 1940 convention.

[NormanStewart]

Michigan GOP backs Dewey

The Michigan State Republic Convention today endorsed New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey, a native of Owosso, Michigan, as candidate for the GOP presidential nomination.

The highlight of the convention was Governor Harry Kelly’s fight to gain control of the Michigan delegation to the national conclave. His apparent victory in garnering at least 26 delegates out of 34 named in the caucuses, and a majority of the seven delegates-at-large, gives him control of the party, and may result in the ouster of Frank D. McKay, political boss from Grand Rapids, as national committeeman.

---

Cdr. Stassen rescued at sea

Madison, Wisconsin (UP) –
LtCdr. Harold E. Stassen, former Governor of Minnesota, was recently picked up in the South Pacific by a sub-chaser after his patrol boat stalled.

The incident was made public by Mrs. Harriet Bartholomew of Madison, whose brother, William Bormett, 22, was aboard the sub-chaser.

Bormett wrote his sister that while out on patrol his boat picked up a group of men from a stalled motorboat. One of the men identified himself as Cdr. Stassen, he said.

“Maybe we just picked up the next President of the United States,” Mrs. Bartholomew said her brother commented at the end of the letter, received Feb. 17.

[NormanStewart]

Primer for primaries –
State to send total of 148 delegates to national conventions

GOP will elect 70 and Democrats 78; local contests are mainly Republican
By Kermit McFarland

Pennsylvania will send 70 delegates to the Republican National Convention opening June 26 and 78 delegates to the Democratic National Convention beginning July 19.

There will be 12 Democratic delegates elected at large and four Republicans elected at large. None has opposition in the Tuesday primary.

Locally, the delegate contests mainly are on the Republican side.

Delegates are elected two to a Congressional district. Each district also elects two alternates.

Write-in votes asked

In the 30th district, four names will appear on the ballot for the two Republican delegate positions, but one of the candidates, George R. Hann (Sewickley Heights lawyer) has asked the voters to write in his name for alternate instead of voting for him as a delegate.

There are no Republican candidates for alternate on the ballot in this district, so the alternates to be chosen will be elected by write-in votes.

The Republican organization has endorsed William H. Robertson (26th Ward Republican chairman and a county assessor) and attorney Hale Hill of Harrison Township, but Ralph E. Flinn, delegate to former conventions, is also a candidate with the support of some factions.

Serving in Coast Guard

Mr. Flinn is serving in the Coast Guard as a volunteer lieutenant commander. He gets no salary. He has been a frequent contributor to Republican campaign funds.

In the 32nd district, there are four candidates for delegate. Slated by the organization are James F. Malone (5th Ward lawyer) and former Congressman Harry A. Estep. Running against this combination are George F. Otto (milk company head) and Paul F. Hanzel (North Side auditor).

In other districts, the slated candidates, both Republican and Democratic, are not expected to have serious trouble winning election.

The other candidates are:

• TWENTY-NINTH DISTRICT

Democratic delegates: Mayor Cornelius D. Scully (7th Ward) and County Commissioner George Rankin of Wilkinsburg.

Republican delegates: Robert R. Work (East Liberty real estate dealer), County Commissioner John S. Herron and William P. Witherow (14th Ward manufacturer).

Democratic alternates: Katherine O’Neil Duff (wife of Councilman John T. Duff) and Helen Stotlemeyer of Wilkinsburg.

Republican alternates: Adelaide Rigby Conly (Young Republican leader) and Nelle G. Dressler (vice chairman of the Republican County Committee).

• THIRTIETH DISTRICT

Democratic delegates: Irwin D. Wolf of Fox Chapel (department store executive) and Robert C. Malcolm (Curtisville cashier).

Democratic alternates: Nellie Chillcott of North Side and Edward B. Johnson (Democratic chairman of the 27th Ward).

• THIRTY-FIRST DISTRICT

Democratic delegates: Marguerite Naughton of West End and County Coroner William D. McClelland of Mount Lebanon.

Republican delegates: Frank J. Harris of Crafton (former State Senator), George F. Lutckens (Carnegie mechanic) and William B. McFall of Mount Lebanon (bank president).

Democratic alternates: Lily Hershman (wife of David Hershman, McKees Rocks Democratic leader) and Recorder of Deeds Anthony J. Gerard of Mount Oliver.

Republican alternates: Alexander P. Craig (Ingram clerk) and Mary Leslie Hart Poling of Dormont.

• THIRTY-SECOND DISTRICT

Democratic delegates: Mario L. Bove (Oakland real estate dealer), City Treasurer James P. Kirk of Oakland, and Register of Wills John M. Huston (10th Ward).

Democratic alternates: Irma D’Ascenzio of Almeda Street and Prothonotary David B. Roberts.

Republican alternates: Anna M. Conley (Republican chairman of the 9th Ward) and Ray E. Schneider (former North Side alderman).

• THIRTY-THIRD DISTRICT

Democratic delegates: Mayor Frank Buchanan of McKeesport and Clerk of Courts John J. McLean of Homestead.

Republican delegates: C. J. McBride (Republican chairman of the 31st Ward) and Paul W. Macks of McKeesport.

Democratic alternates: Ethel C. Mullen (wife of Mayor James J. Mullen of Clairton) and Peter Maracini (Broughton constable).

Republican alternates: Thomas A. Steele (McKeesport physician), Frank Kopriver (Duquesne councilman) and David H. Anderson (Homestead merchant).

• CANDIDATES-AT-LARGE

The Democratic candidates for delegate-at-large include U.S. Senator Joseph F. Guffey, his sister Mrs. Emma Guffey Miller, County Commissioner John J. Kane, Postmaster General Frank C. Walker of Scranton, CIO President Philip Murray, Attorney General Francis Biddle of Philadelphia, Democratic State Chairman David L. Lawrence, Meredith Meyers of Lewiston (former Democratic State Chairman), and William C. Bullitt (former Ambassador to Russia and France).

Republican candidates for delegate-at-large are Governor Edward Martin, G. Mason Owlett (president of the Pennsylvania Manufacturers’ Association), Republican State Chairman M. Harvey Taylor and Marion Margery Scranton (Republican national committeewoman).

[NormanStewart]

The Pittsburgh Press (April 22, 1944)

Primer for primaries –
4-against-1 race features 31st district

Lt. Fulton, Navy, man to beat
By Kermit McFarland

Spotlighted among the Congressional contests in Allegheny County is the Republican race in the 31st district (South Hills).

Four of the five candidates in this district, as the campaign has shaped up, are running against the fifth, Navy Lt. James G. Fulton (Dormont lawyer). Lt. Fulton, in the judgment of leading politicians in the district, is the man to beat.

Rated the best chance is Joseph A. White of Brentwood (vice president of the Harris stores). Other candidates are Eugene O’Neill of Brentwood (a delegate to the 1936 Republican convention and a former member of the Republican State Committee), Walter V. Richardson (Mount Washington metallurgist) and Clifford Ball (Mount Lebanon aviation executive). Mr. Ball has not made an active campaign for the nomination.

Similar in 30th district

Lt. Fulton is barred by Navy regulations from making an active campaign. If elected, he will be relieved of his naval duties to take his seat in Congress.

The 30th district (North Hills) presents a similar picture. There, the man to beat for the Republican nomination is Sheriff Robert J. Corbett. Running against him are Grover C. Berg (Bellevue food jobber), Arthur H. Johnson Jr. (wholesale heating supplies), Bob Kegg (North Side clerk) and J. K. Porter (Millvale distributor).

In both districts, the Democratic incumbents are unopposed for renomination. Congressman James A. Wright of Brentwood is the only Democratic candidate in the 31st district and Congressman Thomas E. Scanlon of North Side, the only entry in the 30th district.

Republicans agree in 29th

In the 29th district (eastern wards, boroughs and townships), the Old Guard Republicans and the Young Republicans have agreed on Howard E. Campbell, president of the Pittsburgh Real Estate Board, for the Republican nomination.

Running independently are John McDowell (Wilkinsburg publisher and former Congressman), John A. Franklin (Forest Hills insurance agent), George E. Sipple (East End electrician) and T. W. Stephens (Wilkinsburg florist).

Because of the reapportionment last year, no present Congressman is a resident of this district. The Democratic nomination has been slated for John F. Lowers of Swissvale, chief clerk in the County Deed Registry Bureau, who is the only candidate.

Others are unopposed

Congressional candidates in both parties in the other two Congressional districts of the county are unopposed at the primary.

In the 32nd district, Congressman Herman P. Eberharter of Oakland is the only Democratic candidate, and Gregory Zatkovich of Oakland (former City Solicitor) is unopposed for the Republican nomination.

Congressman Samuel A. Weiss of Glassport has no opposition for renomination in the 33rd district and the sole Republican candidate is Ray A. Liddle (McKeesport attorney).

[NormanStewart]

5 Senators named election probers

Washington (UP) –
Vice President Henry A. Wallace today named the five members of a Senate committee which will investigate the campaign expenditures of candidates for President, Vice President and Senators in the 1944 election.

He appointed Theodore F. Green (D-RI), Tom Stewart (D-TN), James M. Tunnell (D-DE), Joseph H. Ball (R-MN) and Homer Ferguson (R-MI).

[NormanStewart]

The Pittsburgh Press (April 23, 1944)

Stokes: GOP ‘oracle’ predicts Dewey on first ballot

Governor Bricker may be his running mate
By Thomas L. Stokes, Scripps-Howard staff writer

Washington – (April 22)
Every so often an oracle speaks and you know what’s coming.

Such was the statement of Col. R. B. Creager, long-time Republican National Committeeman from Texas, that he could not see how Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York could fail to win the Republican presidential nomination on the first ballot.

He made the remark in Chicago after the meeting of the Arrangements Committee of the Republican National Committee. It was generally overlooked. It should not have been.

It meant, for one thing, that Governor John W. Bricker’s campaign for the nomination is washed up, if this was not apparent already.

It meant, for another, that not only Texas but the rest of the South will drop into the Dewey basket, for Col. Creager is a kingpin among Southern bosses of what are sometimes known as “the kept delegations.”

For Taft in 1940

It meant, further and most important, that there will be no “Stop-Dewey” movement at Chicago.

Col. Creager has long been identified with the Republican Old Guard, and in recent years with the Taft forces in the South. He was floor manager for Senator Robert A. Taft at the 1940 Republican convention when the Ohio Senator lost to Wendell L. Willkie.

This year, the Taft forces were turned over, lock, stock and barrel, to the Bricker candidacy, and it was presumed that Col. Creager was cooperating.

Others agree

But he has seen the light gleaming from the watchtower at Albany, New York, and has submitted to the course of events.

The colonel went further and said the Dewey candidacy had gone so far that nothing should be allowed to interfere with it. An inquiry here today disclosed that leaders of other Southern delegations are of the same mind. This means no “Stop-Dewey” movement.

For if there were such a movement it would come from the Old Guard group in which Col. Creager is included, and which revolves about Senator Taft. The Senator, himself, is resigned to the Dewey nomination.

Not entirely satisfied

This is not to say that some of the Old Guarders are entirely satisfied with the New York governor. Some would prefer some fellow more tractable, less inclined to make up his own mind. But events have gone beyond them.

Nothing more than the Creager word is necessary to indicate a first ballot nomination.

It was learned here that Republican leaders have decided upon this, to do it quickly and unanimously, if possible, for the effect that will have upon party unity and party morale.

This early surrender of the Taft forces, as made public by Col. Creager, would indicate that they will now turn to promoting Governor Bricker for the vice-presidential nomination.

‘Deal’ expected

They will expect some consideration for steeping out of the way of the Dewey bandwagon, and catching on as it went by. Something of this sort may have been arranged already.

There was a big crop of “Dewey-Bricker” ticket rumors when California Governor Earl Warren, hitherto considered almost surefire for second place on the ticket, was selected as the keynote speaker by the Arrangements Committee, a position usually regarded as a bar to candidacy for either first or second place.

[NormanStewart]

The Pittsburgh Press (April 24, 1944)

Light balloting due tomorrow

State polls open from 7:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.

An estimated 785,000 Republicans and 410,000 Democrats will go to polling places throughout the state between 7:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. tomorrow to draw sides for the crucial November elections.

Primary balloting is expected to hit a new low for a presidential year because of wartime conditions and the fact that outcome of the elections, except for a few instances, is a foregone conclusion. The estimated total vote is only about a third of registrations for the two parties.

Presidential voting

Observers were divided on whether there will be much significance in preferential voting for presidential candidates. President Roosevelt, whose name is formally on the Democratic ballot, is the only presidential candidate listed, but some quarters expected a large write-in vote to be case by Republicans.

The only statewide intraparty contest is between State Treasurer g. Harold Wagner of Wilkes-Barre, Democratic organization choice for the auditor general nomination, and John F. Breslin of Carbon County, an independent candidate.

James vs. Rhodes

There is also a crossed-line contest for nomination to the Superior Court between former Governor Arthur H. James of Plymouth and incumbent Judge Chester H. Rhodes of Stroudsburg, holders of Republican and Democratic organization support respectively, who are seeking both party nominations to the $18,000-a-year position.

Seeking nomination to a second Superior Court position, but only in respective party primaries, are Republican Judge J. Frank Graff of Kittanning and Democratic Auditor General F. Clair Ross of Butler.

Other contests

Other statewide candidates, all running unopposed with organization backing, are:

REPUBLICANS: U.S. Senator James J. Davis of Pittsburgh (for renomination), Howard W. Hughes of Washington (for the State Supreme Court), Philadelphia City Treasurer Edgar W. Baird Jr. (for State Treasurer), State Senator G. Harold Watkins of Schuylkill County (for Auditor General).

DEMOCRATS: Congressman Francis J. Myers of Philadelphia (for U.S. Senator), U.S. Circuit Court Judge Charles Alvin Jones of Pittsburgh (for State Supreme Court), and Ramsey S. Black of Harrisburg, third assistant U.S. Postmaster General (for State Treasurer).

Delegate races

Completing the list of statewide posts at stake are four positions as delegate-at-large to the GOP National Convention, each having one vote, and 12 as delegate-at-large to the Democratic nominating convention, each with a half vote, and a like number of alternates to each session. All are unopposed.

Each party will also elect 66 district delegates and alternates, and, in other regional contests, nominations will be made for 33 Congressional, 25 state senatorial and 208 State House seats, and 113 memberships each on the Republican and Democratic State Committee.

[NormanStewart]

The Pittsburgh Press (April 25, 1944)

Even one board is absent –
County’s voters shun polls for presidential primary

By Kermit McFarland

Allegheny County voters stayed away from the polls in record numbers today as Pennsylvania went through the motions of a presidential primary.

Veteran political leaders said they could not recall a quieter election, or a lighter vote. Apparently the indifference in Allegheny County was typical of the state.

Distracted by war news and unmoved by the relatively few real contests in the primary, voters failed to respond to efforts to turn them out today.

The polls opened at 7:00 a.m. ET and were scheduled to close at 8:00 p.m.

In one district, only four voters had appeared an hour and a half after the polls opened, in another seven at 9:30 a.m., in another two at 9:00 a.m. And so it went around the county.

Political headquarters reported none of the customary complaints or requests for information from poll workers.

The high spot of the morning voting was a telephone call from the 19th district of the 4th Ward which reported there was no election board, no chairs or tables, no light and no heat. Only one board member showed up, somebody stole the chairs and table and somebody forgot to turn on the electricity.

In McKeesport, the municipal offices were at work on orders of Mayor Buchanan for the first time in years.

Despite the small turnout of voters, elections boards did not expect an early end to their counting job. Although many of the nominations at stake in today’s primary are uncontested, the election of delegates to the national conventions and members of party committees make a long ballot and slow up the tabulation.

Political organizations, in the main, were content with the light vote, since it enhanced the prospects for slated candidates. Independent candidates, seeking to break these slates, worked industriously, but apparently with small success, in an effort to turn out the independent vote.

All of the Allegheny County contests of any note are in the Republican primary. Candidates endorsed by the Democratic county organization either are unopposed or face only minor competition.

Pledge for Dewey

The principal action of the day came in a statement by Paul F. Hanzel, candidate in the 32nd district for delegate to the Republican National Convention. He announced he will support Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York for President on the first and all ballots.

This created a relative “sensation” in the drab primary because no other Republican delegate candidates have announced themselves.

Candidate for delegate quits

The only other development of the day in political ranks was the withdrawal of a candidate for delegate to the Republican National Convention – Robert R. Work of 818 Heberton Avenue, whose name is on the ballot in the 29th district. He withdrew in favor of William P. Witherow, president of Blaw-Knox Company, who, with County Commissioner John S. Herron, has been endorsed by the Republican organization. There are no other candidates.

Assured of renomination by the Republicans is U.S. Senator James J. Davis. Also without opposition in the Republican primary are Supreme Court Justice Howard W. Hughes of Washington, Edgar W. Bair of Philadelphia (for State Treasurer) and Senator G. Harold Watkins of Schuylkill County (for Auditor General).

For Superior Court

Superior Court Judge Arthur H. James and his running mate, Judge J. Frank Graff of Kittanning, were expected to win nominations for the Superior Court, although Judge Chester H. Rhodes, a Democrat, is also entered on the Republican ballot.

Judge James is also running on the Democratic ballot, but Judge Rhodes and Auditor General F. Clair Ross are expected to win the Democratic nomination easily.

Congressman Francis J. Myers of Philadelphia, slated candidate for the U.S. Senate nomination, and federal judge Charles Alvin Jones, endorsed for the Supreme Court, are unopposed in the Democratic primary. Also unopposed is Ramsey S. Black, third assistant postmaster general, seeking the Democratic nomination for State Treasurer.

GOP battles here

John F. Breslin, a deputy in the Auditor General’s office, is running against State Treasurer G. Harold Wagner for the auditor general nomination.

Allegheny County lists Republican Congressional contests in four of the five districts, but no Democratic Congressman is opposed for renomination.

[NormanStewart]

Voting light in Massachusetts

Boston, Massachusetts (UP) –
Partial tests of President Roosevelt’s possible fourth term strength and Governor Thomas E. Dewey’s popularity in this state featured Massachusetts presidential primary today.

An extremely light vote was forecast, with perhaps not more than 100,000 ballots to be cast among the 2,450,000 which were distributed in the 351 cities and towns.