Election 1944: Pre-convention news

[NormanStewart]

McFarland: Soldier votes and the Constitution

By Kermit McFarland

In the soldier-vote controversy now embroiling Congress, the opposing sides agree – so they say – that it is essential to provide a method by which the Armed Forces may vote in this year’s election. Both sides protest that it would be an outrage if the Armed Forces were deprived of a vote merely because of their absence from the country.

The differences on which the issue has hung, more than three months now, are based, so the antagonists say, on varied interpretations of the Constitution. Opponents of a federal ballot for the Armed Forces – necessary only in the interest of uniformity and simplification – say control of the ballot is reserved exclusively to the states by the Constitution. Advocates of the federal ballot deny this.

So far, the so-called “states’ rights” group has had the controlling hand.

Justice Stone’s opinion

But there is another authority on the Constitution – the Supreme Court of the United States.

The Supreme Court has not passed on the soldier-vote issue, as such. But in 1940, Justice Harlan F. Stone wrote an opinion which some eminent legal authorities, not engaged in the Congressional controversy, consider immediately applicated to this issue.

In this opinion, the Justice, now Chief Justice, said:

While, in a loose sense, the right to vote for representatives in Congress is sometimes spoken of as a right derived from the states, this statement is true only in the sense that the states are authorized by the Constitution to legislate on the subject… to the extent that Congress has not restricted state action by exercise of its powers to regulate elections…

Mr. Justice Stone, with the Court majority, even held that Congress could regulate primary elections.

And that is precisely what the Constitution says in Section 4 of Article I: The states may prescribe the rules, but Congress, “may at any time by law make or alter such regulations.”

This Supreme Court opinion, in the judgement of high-ranking legal authorities, effectively takes care of the issue.

Presidential electors

But the “states’ rights” lawyers in Congress probably will answer that this is applicable merely to elections involving representatives in Congress. They will point to Section 2 of Article II which says that each state shall provide the manner of choosing its own presidential electors.

And since a federal ballot would involve the election of a President and Vice President as well as Senators and Congressmen, a federal ballot, they will say, is unconstitutional.

But the states have already provided a method for choosing presidential electors, who in turn technically elect a President. And that method is the ballot. There is nothing in the Constitution which says the federal government ay not provide the ballot.

The federal ballot in no way interferes with the methods already prescribed by the states for choosing presidential electors.

And Mr. Justice Stone, in his opinion, repeated an old dictum of the Supreme Court that matters which are “appropriate” to the Constitution, which are “not prohibited” by the Constitution and which are consistent with the letter and spirit of the Constitution are constitutional.

He said:

That principle extends to the Congressional power, by appropriate legislation, to safeguard the right of choice by the people of representatives in Congress secured by Section 2 of Article I.

And Mr. Justice Douglas, in the same case, said the Constitution was “designed not only for temporary needs but for the vicissitudes of time.”

The absence of millions of voters in the Armed Forces is certainly a “vicissitude.”

[NormanStewart]

Perkins: Comment on fourth term

By Fred W. Perkins, Press Washington correspondent

Washington –
Rev. William J. Smith, a Jesuit priest who heads the Crown Heights School of Catholic Workmen, in Brooklyn, New York, distributes his thoughts on public affairs regularly in the mimeographed Crown Heights Comment, and this writer, who has been on the mailing list for some time, finds them interesting, provocative and independent. Father Smith’s writings give the impression of a calm mind far enough removed from the daily tumult to give him an objective view of what is going on, but not far enough away to keep him from having a very good idea of what it is all about.

The latest Comment shows that Father Smith is against a fourth term for President Roosevelt. Most of his reasons are the usual ones – too much “one indispensable man” stifling of the aspirations of other capable men, corrosion of the two-party system, development of a tremendous body of government employees and governmentally-aided citizens. But he gives another reason on which he bases an opinion that the best service the President could render to the nation at this time would be “to declare himself as definitely opposed to a fourth term.”

Father Smith doesn’t say so in so many words, but this particular reason is apparently based on the obvious possibility that if Mr. Roosevelt runs again, he might be defeated. He seems to think it would be a tremendous personal tragedy for him to fail at the summit of a great career, and there might be a national tragedy as well.

Predicts ‘chaos’

If the President is nominated and defeated, writes Father Smith:

…the effect of such an event would echo around the world. Friends and enemies alike would see in it a repudiation, on the part of the American electorate, not merely of the things in the present administration against which the voters rebelled but a rejection of everything good and bad that the President has advocated at home and abroad. It would create chaos in international circles to the utter delight of our enemies with whom we are at war.

The advantages that the Roosevelt personality enjoys over his prospective political rivals are not great enough to subject the nation to such a risk.

Father Smith’s work places him in close contact with working men, and he has definite views on their place in the political picture. He writes:

The one specific segment of the population said to be overanxious for a fourth term for Mr. Roosevelt is that collection of citizens commonly described as “labor.” It is far from certain that the majority of all the working people are of such a mind. Sidney Hillman’s CIO Committee for Political Action is leaving no stone unturned to accomplish that aim. An estimated million dollars will be spent for the purpose, and a common front with any and all groups will be attempted to put across their plan.

We fear very much that the experiment may be a boomerang. It has been so in the past. The American Federation of Labor has found that it does not pay to hitch your star to the coattail of one man. John L. Lewis learned the lesson to his sorrow. He might hand over a sizable lump of the miners’ treasury, but he could not hand over the miners’ votes with the same facility.

Agrees with Dies

In some of his writings, Father Smith has shown a distaste for the methods of Rep. Martin Dies, head of the investigating committee known by his name, but the following from the Comment is not much different from what the Texas Congressman has had to say on the same subject:

Hillman’s dictatorial tendencies run along the same lines as those of Lewis, and the violent upheaval in the American Labor Party of New York City is but an indication of the reaction that occurs when freeborn American citizens are told how to vote or else. We expect just as great a rebellion from many individual voters in the CIO as has been shown by the organized Social Democrats [Socialists] in New York City.

The CIO trade unionists have no choice but to go along with the decision of the national body in contributing to the Political Action Committee in their locals. When they get into the voting booth, they will ballot as they please and they have a perfect right to do so.

Father Smith thinks the labor forces might well try to do some collective bargaining outside the Democratic Party – with the Republicans, for instance.

He says:

Social thinking and social progress have reached such a stage of public development in this country that no candidate on any ticket can afford to ignore the legitimate and just demands of the working people. The political power of “labor” has become a well-established fact.

That new ascendancy has been due in great measure to one man – Franklin D. Roosevelt. We do not believe the truth should be veiled in that regard, nor on the other hand do we think that we should preempt the divine prerogative of endeavoring to make his return for that service an eternal reward.

[NormanStewart]

The Pittsburgh Press (March 13, 1944)

Governor Bricker cites need for jobs

Boston, Massachusetts (UP) –
Close cooperation between industry, labor and government will be needed to solve the problem of post-war employment, Ohio Governor John W. Bricker said last night.

Speaking at the Boston University Institute of Post-War Problems, he said government and business must make certain that there are 10 million more jobs available after the war than there were in 1940.

Governor Bricker said:

However, no honest person will say that government alone will solve this problem.

To reach the 10 million extra job goal, he said, the federal government must establish a dynamic economy, eliminate bureaucracy and develop a constructive post-war tax program.

[NormanStewart]

Soldier vote given Senate for debate

Connally backs conference result

Washington (UP) –
Senator Tom Connally (D-TX) formally reported to the Senate the conference version of the soldier-vote bill today and opened debate by telling his colleagues that it “represents the best possible bill that can be secured.”

Opening the third Senate debate on the controversial service vote issue, Senator Connally declared that it is his:

…earnest belief that more soldiers and sailors will be entitled to vote under the pending bill than under any measure proposed or possible of adoption.

Bill’s provisions

As drafted during three weeks of joint conferences between Senate and House spokesmen, the bill would extend the federal war ballot to servicemen overseas whose state legislatures and governors have certified by July 15 that the federal ballot will be acceptable for counting under their laws. All other servicemen, with the exception of those from Kentucky and New Mexico which have no state absentee ballot laws, must use state procedures.

Senator Connally said:

The primary responsibility with respect to election and voting therein rests with the states… If members of the Armed Forces are enabled to vote, state legislatures and state authorities must discharge their high responsibilities. State rights require state obligations and responsibilities.

The Senate originally passed a bill calling on the states to expedite the soldier vote but later adopted a measure providing for a uniform federal ballot. The House, however, endorsed the principle of the first states’ rights measure and the two chambers had to call a conference to find a compromise.

The sponsors of the federal ballot bill – Senators Scott Lucas (D-IL) and Theodore F. Green (D-RI) – have called for defeat of the compromise version on grounds it rejected the principle of the federal ballot and was too restrictive.

GOP women

Meanwhile, a Republican letters-to-servicemen campaign aimed at capturing the soldier vote was urged today by Rep. Charles A. Halleck (R-IN), who dared the administration to censor such mail.

He called on all Republican women to:

…tell the boys the truth about the manner in which the administration has misused its powers, how it has fight to kill representative government, how it has tried to make over America while real Americans were busy working to win the war.

Mr. Halleck, chairman of the GOP Congressional campaign committee, offered his plan at the closing session of a three-day advisory board meeting of the National Federation of Women’s Republican Clubs.

GOP National Committee Chairman Harrison E. Spangler warned:

Echoing a campaign theme noted in recent Republican speeches – “usurpation of power by the President” – he said:

On every hand we see instances of tampering with the Constitution, with undermining the faith of the people in the legislative branch of our government; of tighter regulation and regimentation of our daily life by executive decree. Our ship of state is manned by a crew of seasick landlubbers which has America literally hanging over the rail.

[NormanStewart]

Stokes: Real draft

By Thomas L. Stokes

Washington –
A subtle change has occurred in regard to the fourth term question and President Roosevelt’s relation to it which is important in developing political events.

The fact is that it is not now a matter of whether President Roosevelt want to run or not. That is largely out of his hands. Party leaders have decided that he will have to run again, since there’s nobody else who could win. The decision is theirs, not Mr. Roosevelt’s.

If he shows any reluctance, feels later like balking, they are in a position to say to him, in effect:

We have stood by you, have followed you, worked for you, three times. Now it’s your turn to stand by us. No other candidate has been permitted to build himself up, which could be done only with your consent and help. You’ll have to be ‘it,’ like it or not.

Democrats would like to retain the Presidency, but the politicians, state and local, are interested equally in holding their machines together, and for this they need the strongest candidate, whether he can win nationally or not.

Strategy is obvious

The strategy of the politicians was obvious at the January meeting here of the Democratic National Committee which adopted that unprecedented resolution asking the President to run again. The phrases were sweet and generous, but the purpose was stern. It was sponsored by his friends, but endorsed by some not so friendly – not out of love, but necessity. That was the start of the “draft” and it will be a real “draft” this time, with none of the synthetic aspects of the third term draft with its vaudeville atmosphere.

So, it does not really matter how cryptically President Roosevelt replies to the “picayune” inquiries at press conferences, nor what Mr. Roosevelt said in his Nov. 3, 1940, speech in Cleveland about there being “another President” in the White House four years later, nor what he said in a speech to the homefolks at Hyde Park in 1940 about that being the last time he would appear before them as a candidate.

The politicians in the party are deciding this one.

This looks like a year of Democratic desperation and the politicians have taken over with Mr. Roosevelt’s acquiescence, which is apparent not only as regards the fourth term, but as regards practical political operations.

Purge plans purged

There will be, for example, no “purge” this year, no choice by the White House between Democrats in primaries, though this is the year when those Senators whom President Roosevelt sought to purge in 1938 are up again – George of Georgia, Smith of South Carolina, Tydings of Maryland, McCarran of Nevada, Clark of Missouri, among others.

Support of the Supreme Court “packing bill” was the test applied that year. Mr. Roosevelt would have even more tests to apply this year, if he were choosing to do so. Senator George bucked him on the tax bill. “Cotton Ed” Smith talked brashly about a third party. Senator Clark of Missouri was one of the “isolationist” leaders. Senator Gillette who has just announced he would run again and with the blessing of National Democratic Chairman Hannegan, said bluntly that he would “oppose my own father if he ran for a fourth term.”

Senator O’Mahoney of Wyoming fought the Supreme Court “packing” bill and Mr. Roosevelt would like to have achieved his defeat in 1938. But Joe O’Mahoney is now chairman of the Senatorial Campaign Committee.

Things are changed, for Democrats are going to need everything to win. Nobody is going to pry behind the party label this year to see the cut of a fellow’s thinking, or whether he combs his hair on the right or the left side.

Mr. Hannegan has decreed that. And Mr. Hannegan is a big boy who means business. It looks like he’s going to have free rein to run the show.

[NormanStewart]

The Pittsburgh Press (March 14, 1944)

Senate passes soldier vote bill

House expected to okay compromise

Washington (UP) –
The Senate today approved the compromise soldier vote bill 47–31, despite the opposition of Democratic Majority Leader Alben W. Barkley (D-KY). Twenty-three Democrats joined with 24 Republicans to pass the bill. Twenty-four Democrats, six Republicans and one Progressive opposed it.

The vote came after two days of debate on the controversial measure. House approval of the bill was considered assured. It then would go to President Roosevelt for veto or signature.

Denounced by Barkley

Just before the veto, Mr. Barkley denounced the measure as a restrictive bill which would deny the vote to many servicemen.

Mr. Barkley said the bill would repeal, “not directly but by implication and necessary interpretation.” The waiver in the 1942 law of poll taxes and registration for servicemen voting in federal elections.

He said:

Under this conference report, no serviceman or woman would be allowed to vote unless registered according to the requirements of state law and unless he or she had paid a poll tax if state law requires.

Obligation cited

He added that he thought Congress has an obligation as well as the power to make it easy for members of the Armed Forces to vote for President, Vice President and members of Congress despite the challenges of states’ rights advocates.

Senator Styles Bridges (R-NH) said that if President Roosevelt vetoes the bill:

He and he alone must assume full responsibility for the disfranchisement of millions of our soldiers, sailors, Marines and Coast Guardsmen.

The approved bill provides that a federal war ballot will be sent only to servicemen overseas whose state legislatures and governors have certified by July 15 that they will accept the federal ballots for counting. The servicemen would also be required to certify that by Sept. 1 they had applied for a state absentee ballot, but by Oct. 1 had not received it.

To name commission

Servicemen within the country would be required to use state absentee ballots.

A War Ballot Commission composed of the Secretary of War, Secretary of the Navy and War Shipping Administrator would distribute the federal ballots overseas, collect them and send them to the states.

The President “cannot shirk his responsibility,” Mr. Bridges said.

The boys in the foxholes of Italy, in the swamps of the South Pacific, on the ships plowing the seven seas, in planes in the air, will demand an accounting – and get one!

Senator Bridges claimed the pending bill “will enable every member of the Armed Forces, who is otherwise eligible, to cast a ballot in the November elections.” He added:

A barrage of misrepresentation has been leveled at opponents of the federal ballot.

Fourth term fear

Administration supporters such as Chairman Theodore F. Green (D-RI) of the Senate Elections Committee, and Senators Carl A. Hatch (D-NM), Scott Lucas (D-IL) and Joseph f. Guffey (D-PA) shared the belief the new measure would reduce the soldier vote.

Senator Guffey, the Senate’s most outspoken advocate of a fourth term for President Roosevelt, declared that fear of a fourth term and opposition to Negro voting were behind much of the opposition to a simplified federal ballot proposal.

Guffey calls it steal

Senator Guffey said:

Between those who are afraid to let our colored citizens and poor white citizens vote at all, and those who are afraid to let the soldiers vote for fear they will vote for Roosevelt, the Congress, if this bill becomes a law, is perpetrating the greatest organized election steal since 1876, when the Republican Party were the beneficiaries of the presidential election which was stolen from Samuel J. Tilden.

In the 1876 election, Tilden apparently had won, but the electoral votes of South Carolina, Florida, Louisiana and Oregon were contested. An electoral commission of five Senators, five House members and five Supreme Court justices decided, 8–7, that the electoral votes of these states should go to Rutherford B. Hayes, and Hayes was elected.

Senator Guffey said members of the Armed Forces would be entitled to:

…resent strongly and to combat the policies which may be adopted as a result of this outrageous fraud and deliberate betrayal of democracy.

Another march on Washington

Recalling the 1932 Bonus March on Washington, Senator Guffey predicted that veterans of World War II:

…may come to Washington and demand an accounting from a Congress which refused to allow them to exercise the right to vote and denied them a voice in the selection of federal officers who will adopt the policies which will govern the veterans of this war on their return to civil life.

He said:

This measure is not a service voting bill. It is a bill to disenfranchise 12 million American citizens in the Armed Forces.

[NormanStewart]

Drive is started for fourth term

County organization hears war pleas

Urging the reelection of President Roosevelt for a fourth term, the Allegheny County Democratic organization formally launched its Congressional campaign last night at a dinner rally in the Alpine Hotel, East McKeesport.

The keynote of the rally was sounded by Auditor General F. Clair Moss, candidate for Superior Court, who declared that the progress of the war hinges on November’s election.

Bitter campaign deplored

Mr. Ross said in part:

The election next November will determine whether the progress of this war will continue or whether there will be an interruption. It will also determine if a lasting peace will be written. A lasting peace can be written only under the guidance of President Roosevelt.

Rep. Francis J. Myers, Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate, told his audience that Nazi and Jap warlords are encouraged by bitter political campaigns and disputes in this country.

Other speakers were State Chairman David L. Lawrence, G. Harold Wagner (candidate for Auditor General), Ramsay S. Black (candidate for State Treasurer), and Mayor Frank Buchanan of McKeesport County Commissioner John J. Kane was toastmaster.

Soldier is guest

Congressman Samuel A. Weiss, who represents the 33rd district where the rally was held, had as guest a wounded soldier, Stephen Timco of Duquesne. Mr. Weiss urged proper provisions for disabled soldiers. He also declared that servicemen should be given a federal ballot so that they may vote in this year’s elections.

The 33rd district, created by the last session of the Legislature, comprises the three third-class cities, McKeesport, Clairton and Duquesne, plus 21 boroughs and eight townships. Republicans are expected to wage an intensive campaign to unseat Mr. Weiss.

[NormanStewart]

Presidential primary vote opens in East

New Hampshire first to cast ballots
By Lyle C. Wilson, United Press staff writer

Washington –
New Hampshire today opens the presidential preference primary season which will extend through May 19.

During that period, a maximum of 18 states, including New Hampshire, could give their voters an opportunity in one form or another of indicating their preference among Republican and Democratic candidates for 1944 presidential nomination.

In three states, Alabama, Arkansas and Georgia, State Executive Committees determine whether there shall be a preferential vote. Among the other states, some enable voters to express a preference among potential presidential nominees listed on the ballot and others provide a choice among National Convention delegates who pledge themselves or express a preference for certain individual candidates.

Next primaries April 4

After New Hampshire’s vote today for delegates to the Republican and Democratic National Conventions, there will be a lull until after March 28 when New York holds its primary. Wisconsin’s primary is on April 4. Thereafter the primaries come in this order:

APRIL 11: Illinois, Nebraska
APRIL 25: Massachusetts, Pennsylvania
MAY 1: Maryland
MAY 2: Alabama, California, Florida, South Dakota
MAY 9: Ohio, West Virginia
MAY 16: New Jersey
MAY 19: Oregon

Primary preliminaries so far have been notable for activity by Wendell L. Willkie, the most aggressive campaigner for Republican presidential nomination, and apparent agreement by a preponderance of Democratic organizations in primary states that President Roosevelt will have a fourth-term nomination.

Roosevelt challenged

Only in Massachusetts is there any formal challenge so far to the accumulation of delegates by the Roosevelt-for-President forces.

In Massachusetts, the former Governor Joseph B. Ely has authorized the use of his name as an aspirant to the Democratic nomination, but there is no chance of a contest between delegates pledged to Mr. Ely and a slate pledged to the President because Massachusetts statutes require that a presidential candidate must file written assent to the use of his name. So far, Mr. Roosevelt is following the strategy of 1940 when he refused to reveal his political intentions.

[NormanStewart]

Editorial: Riddled by politics

This soldier-vote issue has never been straight.

It has been glutted by politics – on both sides.

And the raucous politics which has made a joke of this issue reached a crescendo as a result of Governor Dewey’s proposals to the New York Legislature.

Mr. Dewey, rightfully, finally went before the legislature with a plan for providing New York’s voters in the Armed Forces with a vote. He delayed this action until he measured the probability of a Congressional enactment at little more than zero.

The New York Governor’s address to the legislature at once was interpreted, on both friendly and unfriendly circles, as his first “open” bid for the Presidency.

Maybe there was some politics in Mr. Dewey’s message. But the basic intent of it was sound and justified. He had waited for Congress. Congress had failed to deliver. Now it was up to the states.

Perhaps he overstated the case when he directed a few sharp barbs, a la Roosevelt, at the so-called administration plan for a federal ballot.

But now comes Senator Lucas (D-IL), an original sponsor of the federal ballot plan for enabling the Armed Forces to vote, making two wrongs out of a right.

He described the Dewey message as a “springboard to announce his candidacy for the Presidency.” He used it as a basis for the charge that the sabotage of the soldier-vote plan is “plain, pure, partisan, Republican politics and nothing else.” Mr. Dewey’s speech, he said, was an “unstatesmanlike, unworthy and unjustified assault.”

But in the next breath he singled out – not without cause – Rep. Rankin (D-MS) as the chief obstructionist to a soldier-vote law.

That has been the trouble from the start.

Both the protagonists and the antagonists have been more concerned with their own partisanship than with the need – a simple, uniform method of enabling the Armed Forces to vote.

Both sides have angled the issue. Those opposing a federal ballot have angled to from the anti-New Deal slant. Those favoring a federal ballot have angled it from the fourth-term slant.

This is not an issue which concerns the welfare of politicians, be they Republicans, anti-New Deal Democrats or New Deal masterminds.

It is an issue that concerns the constitutional rights of millions of men and women in the Armed Forces who have been rooted from their homes to fight and die for a free country.

It is an issue which calls for statesmanship and sincerity, but which has been handled with the rawest kind of selfish partisanship.

[NormanStewart]

Background of news –
Soldier vote muddle

By Bertram Benedict

Speaker Rayburn declares that he will support the compromise soldier vote bill recently reported out of conference, because he has been informed that it will let more soldiers vote than will the Soldier Voting Act of 1942. But Senator Lucas (D-IL), one of the sponsors of a “national” bill, declares that he opposes the pending bill because it will let fewer soldiers vote than under the 1942 act.

Opinions in Congress differ on whether the pending bill can get through both Houses or whether, if it does, President Roosevelt will veto it. It is generally agreed that the bill cannot be passed over a veto. Senator Connally of Texas says, “It is this bill or no bill at all.” If it is to be no bill, the 1942 act will apply to the November elections.

The bill reported out by a Senate-House conference committee is so complicated that opinions vary widely on how many soldiers would vote under it. The answer would depend in large measure on what action the state legislatures take.

The measure would apply to members of the Armed Forces overseas (probably five or six million by November), overseas members of the civilian groups attached to the Armed Forces, and all servicemen and women from three states – Kentucky, New Mexico, South Carolina – which have no provision for absentee voting.

Procedure outlined

The serviceman overseas would have to apply for a state ballot by Sept. 1 in order to vote under the act. If he receives it before Oct. 1, that is the ballot to use. Only if he certifies that he has applied and has not received it by the latter date may he use the federal ballot. Even so, he may not use the federal ballot unless the governor of his state certifies by July 15 that his state has taken action authorizing the use of the federal ballot.

The bill urges the states to take action allowing their absentee soldiers to vote. It also urges the states to accept as applications for state ballots the postcards to be printed and distributed by the War Ballot Commission. The postcards are to be distributed by Aug. 15 to men overseas, by Sept. 15 to servicemen within the country, and are to go overseas by plane wherever practicable.

The federal ballot will contain blank spaces in which the voter may write in the name of the candidate for whom he votes for President, for Senator, for Representative. Lists of the candidates are to be transmitted to the Armed Forces by the War Ballot Commission. The federal ballots utilized will be transmitted by the commission to the secretaries of state of the several states, who will distribute them to the proper voting precincts, in which they will be counted. The 1942 act is, for all practical purposes, repealed.

President’s approval in doubt

Whether the President will approve or veto the bill if presented to him may depend on how closely he thinks it corresponds to the “state” bill which the Senate passed on Dec. 3, 1943. The President called this a “fraud,” “meaningless,” and no improvement over the 1942 act, which was in turn described as useless.

The 1942 act, enacted Sept. 6, 1942, is a curious piece of legislation. It says that every “qualified” voter in the Armed Forces shall be entitled to vote for federal office irrespective of state laws on registration. No poll-tax requirement mays be imposed for voting for federal office. Requests may be made, on postcards furnished by the government, to the several secretaries of state are directed to have printed. These, when returned, are to be counted in the same way as regular ballots cast within the state.

The ballots are either to list the candidates and their parties, or to leave blank spaces for names to be filled in.

[NormanStewart]

Stokes: Courtin’ Mr. Hague

By Thomas L. Stokes

Washington –
Election year rolls around to find the Roosevelt administration, as usual, making its obeisance to bosses of corrupt big-city machines, just as Republicans make their soft gestures to big men in business with fat pocketbooks.

Boss Frank Hague of Jersey City is a key figure again. In 1942, he was belabored by former Governor Charles Edison, not fatally, but enough that he lost a senatorial election. The Democrats desperately need Jersey this year.

There’s a senatorial election there this year, along with the presidential election. Some Democrats who watched hopefully the attempts of Charlie Edison to curb the power of Boss Hague would like to run for the Senate a Democrat who espoused some progressive principles and was without the taint of Haguism.

They are talking of Dr. Frank Kingdon, former Methodist minister, former president of the University of Newark, now a lecturer and radio commentator, who is a supporter of President Roosevelt’s domestic and foreign policies.

Bridging the gap

They have made overtures to the White House. The political strategy is to get a candidate who would win the support of former Governor Edison, still a power among Jersey Democrats. Thus, they would bridge the gap between the former governor and the Hague machine and pull the various elements of the party together behind a progressive and aggressive figure. The Democratic Party in Jersey is considerably dispirited, chafing vainly under the Hague whip.

Haguism has become especially obnoxious in recent months because of the machine’s merciless persecution of John Longo, whose crime seems to be that he has fought the machine. The most recent episode was his conviction and jail sentence because of an alleged change of his party designation on the registration books, a charge that was declared false by Governor Edison’s investigators.

The anti-Hague crusader is now out on bail, pending appeal. Meanwhile, the FBI is making an investigation which may produce a new blow at Haguism, though previous Justice Department sallies in New Jersey have stalled.

He who hath a mind–

The only flaw in the Democratic plan to run Dr. Kingdon is that Boss Hague has already laid his blessing on another candidate, Rep. Elmer Wene, who operates one of the nation’s biggest chicken farms at Vineland.

Can President Roosevelt change Mr. Hague’s mind?

Democrats behind the Kingdon movement were somewhat discouraged not long since when Eugene Casey, one of President Roosevelt’s secretaries who is the contact man with the regular Democratic organization, went to a Jackson Day dinner in New Jersey and babbled with raptures about “your great, able and sincere leader, the honorable Frank Hague.”

Speaking of Mr. Hague

He said:

To know your great leader is to honor him, to admire him, to revere him, to respect him and, yes, to love him!

Just like that!

The bubbling Mr. Casey left out of his speech a section of praise for Senator Arthur Walsh, recently appointed by Governor Edison to the vacancy left by the death of the late Senator Barbour, which appeared in the text released to the newspapers.

Boss Hague, meanwhile, enjoys himself at his Florida estate, while his nephew and heir apparent, Frank Eggers, holds political consultations with Communists, Boss Hague’s latest allies, who are insisting upon Congressman Wene and are opposing the selection of Dr. Kingdon.

[NormanStewart]

The Pittsburgh Press (March 15, 1944)

House passes soldier vote to Roosevelt

Measure adopted, 273–111

Washington (UP) –
The House today approved the compromise soldier vote bill and put it up to President Roosevelt for signature or veto.

The House adopted the long-disputed measure by a vote announced as 273–111.

Administration sources said Mr. Roosevelt was still undecided and that there was no unanimity among his advisers as to what he would do. He has indicated his primary consideration will be whether the bill would permit more soldiers to vote than could do so under present law.

Worley urged acceptance

The House vote, which ended months of wrangling among its members and between the two houses of Congress, came after only two hours of debate, contrasted with the two days of argument that preceded the Senate’s vote of 47–31 yesterday.

Chairman Eugene Worley (D-TX), of the House Elections Committee, urged acceptance of the conference version of the bill. He had led the fight in the House by New Deal supporters for a federal ballot for all servicemen and women. But the final bill, adopted by an overwhelming coalition of Republicans and Southern Democrats, put many limitations on the use of such a ballot and apparently would prevent any voting by service personnel from Kentucky and New Mexico.

Federal ballots can be used only by persons overseas, only if states agree to accept them and count them, and only if the voter is unable to get a state ballot. These provisions satisfied Rep. John Rankin (D-MS), leader of the states’ rights bloc which so violently opposed the original federal ballot proposal.

‘Best we could get’

In debate on the bill, Mr. Worley told the House he felt the conferees “could have done better,” but said the agreement was reached “in the true democratic spirit and in the spirit of compromise.”

He added:

I am firmly convinced that this is the best compromise we could get out of Congress.

Rep. Karl M. LeCompte (R-IA), ranking Republican on the committee and member of the Senate-House conference that drew up the final bill, likewise contended that “vastly more” soldiers would be able to vote under the bill than under the existing statute.

Sabath charge protested

Two Republicans vigorously protested a statement by Rep. Adolph J. Sabath (D-IL), first to speak in opposition, that “the Republicans want this bill because they feel more men will be deprived of the right to vote than under the present law.”

Mr. Sabath said:

The Republicans are afraid most of the soldiers will vote for President Roosevelt.

The two Republicans – Reps. Ben F. Jensen of Iowa and Homer A. Ramey of Ohio – withdrew their protests as Mr. Sabath’s time expired and he returned to the Democratic side of the aisle amid boos from Republicans.

Senate vote is 47–31

The Senate passed the bill by a 47–31 vote yesterday.

Some observers believed they had a clue to the President’s decision in the fact that Senate Democratic Leader Alben W. Barkley of Kentucky, after conferring with Mr. Roosevelt Monday, opposed the bill yesterday.

Two other factors will enter into Mr. Roosevelt’s consideration of the bill: A Republican warning that a veto would make him subject to charges of having made it impossible for soldiers to vote, plus the fact that Kentucky and New Mexico servicemen away from their home states may be disenfranchised if he signs the measure.

State approval needed

The Kentucky and New Mexico Supreme Courts have held that state soldier vote laws are unconstitutional because their constitutions require that voting be done in person. However, soldiers of those states got the right to cast absentee ballots under the 1942 Soldier Voting Act which, as a federal statute, superseded state laws.

The new bill provides that federal ballots can be used only with the approval of state governors and legislatures – but New Mexico and Kentucky probably cannot grant such approval because of their constitutions.

The bill provides that the federal ballot be made available to overseas servicemen whose state legislatures and governors have certified by July 15 that they will accept them. The serviceman using it would be required to certify that he had applied for a state absentee ballot by Sept. 1, but had not received it by Oct. 1. Those in this country would have to use state absentee ballot forms.

War Ballot Commission

Thus far, only California, Minnesota and North Carolina have agreed to accept federal ballots. Some administration sources feel most states will follow the cue of Governor Thomas E. Dewey, who says New York will not accept them.

The bill calls for a War Ballot Commission, composed of the Secretaries of War and Navy and the

The present waiver of poll tax and registration as prerequisites to voting, as provided in the 1942 law, would be retained for those voting from overseas. Those within the country, however, would have to meet state regulations.

States still requiring poll taxes are Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia.

[NormanStewart]

4th term deplored at White House

Washington (UP) –
Thomas Rhea, prominent Kentucky Democrat, said today after a conference with President Roosevelt that the Chief Executive does not want to be a candidate for reelection.

After first saying that the President had told him as much, Mr. Rhea then said that this was only his personal impression.

Mr. Rhea, prominent in Kentucky politics for a number of years and a delegate to the Democratic conventions in 1932 and 1940, was asked this question as he left the President’s office: “Did you get a line on 1944?”

Mr. Rhea replied:

He says he does not want to be a candidate.

“Did he tell you that?” a reporter asked.

Mr. Rhea said:

Now, wait a minute – I don’t know that he said that. My impression is that he would like to get out of the whole thing. Now, don’t misquote me – the President did not make that statement.

I think he would like to go home if conditions warranted.

Mr. Rhea followed this by saying that he did not discuss “politics” with the President.

Under further questioning as to exactly what the President said, Mr. Rhea remained steadfast in saying that he had not discussed a fourth term with the President, but that if Mr. Roosevelt was a candidate, he would carry Kentucky. Mr. Rhea said he hoped the President would run.

[NormanStewart]

Willkie leads New Hampshire primary slate

Dewey is second in first vote test

Concord, New Hampshire (UP) –
Complete returns from New Hampshire’s “first-in-the-nation” presidential primary showed today that six of the state’s 11 delegates to the Republican National Convention will be supporters of Wendell L. Willkie.

Two will be pledged to Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York, while the remaining three will be strictly unpledged.

In the 19-man contest for seven delegate-at-large seats, unpledged pro-Willkie candidates, two, and a Dewey-pledged candidate, one.

In contests for the two district delegate seats in each of the state’s two Congressional districts, unpledged pro-Willkie candidates won two while a Dewey-pledged aspirant and an unpledged candidate won the others.

The Democrats elected a complete slate pledged to President Roosevelt for a fourth term.

[NormanStewart]

GOP leaders stay in Senate

Washington (UP) –
Senate Republicans today voted unanimously to retain their present temporary organization until after the November election in which they hope to gain a majority in the Senate.

They retained Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg (R-MI) as acting chairman, Senator Wallace H. White (R-ME) as acting floor leader, Senator Kenneth S. Wherry (R-NE) as whip, and Senator Harold H. Burton (R-OH) as secretary.

They also confirmed the nine-man steering committee appointed by Senator Vandenberg. The committee members are Mr. Vandenberg, Mr. White, Mr. Wherry and Senators Robert A. Taft (R-OH), John A. Danaher (R-CT), Styles Bridges (R-NH), C. Wayland Brooks (R-IL), Harlan J. Bushfield (R-SD) and Eugene D. Millikin (R-CO).

[NormanStewart]

Editorial: The bobtailed ballot

The Republican National Committee is making capital of the soldier vote issue by distributing widely its version of the “bobtailed ballot” called for in the compromise Congressional bill, now in its final stage.

The ballot covers only the presidential, senatorial and Congressional races. This, the Republicans say, means that the Armed Forces “would be partially disfranchised in that they could not participate in state, county and local elections.”

There has been a suspicion that some Republicans are bleeding less over the possible disfranchisement of the soldier than over the danger that he will instructively write in the name of his Commander-in-Chief rather than that of Mr. Dewey, Mr. Willkie or whoever the Republican nominee may be. Be that as it may, recipients of the GOP’s “sample ballot” should bear in mind that–

Under the Congressional bill – to which the Senate gave its final assent yesterday – the “bobtailed ballot” can be used only by overseas servicemen whose states have certified acceptance of the federal ballot, and who have applied for but not received state ballots.

The onus for any disfranchisement of the troops is thrown back on the states, whether or not President Roosevelt vetoes this bill.

It is to the governors and the legislatures that the serviceman must look for an opportunity to cast either a full state ballot or the short federal ballot.

[NormanStewart]

Stokes: Willkie’s circus

By Thomas L. Stokes

Washington –
Beginning next week, the Wisconsin woods will echo with something more than the call of a moose to his mate.

It’ll be like a circus in the small towns. In the big cities, there’ll be fun in the streets.

Wendell L. Willkie, the man who would be President, is taking his one-man show for a barnstorming tour to rouse the folks to vote for a slate of delegates who will support him for the Republican presidential nomination in the national convention.

It will be the opening act to revive his languishing campaign. Mr. Willkie is giving himself plenty of time. The primary is April 4.

He goes to Wisconsin somewhat in the role of a mighty nimrod gunning for three fellows who aren’t there, not even concealed behind the trees.

Three other well-known figures have been entered by their sponsors in the Wisconsin primary. Gen. MacArthur is busy with other matters in the Pacific, but still there is no sign from him that he is not a receptive candidate. LtCdr. Stassen, former three-time governor of neighboring Minnesota, is also in the Pacific on Adm. Halsey’s staff. Governor Dewey is chewing his silence at Albany.

Ball for Stassen

Senator Ball (R-MN) is in the state now talking up his friend Harold Stassen.

Governor Dewey tried to get the delegate candidates pledged to him to withdraw, explaining that he isn’t a candidate. They refused. So, he is a factor in the four-cornered contest whether he likes it or not. In 1940, he won the Wisconsin primary against Senator Vandenberg (R-MI), as he did likewise in Nebraska.

Wisconsin’s primary is a vital affair for Mr. Willkie. If he loses there, he can pack up his bag of hopes and go back to practicing law or literature. Weak in the support of politicians, he is now basing his claims for preference on backing among rank-and-file voters. Wisconsin will test that.

Should he win there, his campaign should benefit. If he also wins in Nebraska, which holds its primary a week later, he again would be counted a factor. He will take his road show to Nebraska. There his slate is matched against two others, one for LtCdr. Stassen, the other pledged to Governor Griswold.

An uphill battle

Mr. Willkie admittedly faces an uphill battle. In recent months, he’s become like the rich boy who had everything, and is suddenly thrown out on his own.

This time four years ago, he was rapidly becoming the darling of various interests who thought they had found in him the reality of their dreams – the man who could beat Franklin D. Roosevelt. The sun was high, the skies were bright, and everything was coming his way.

On the day of his defeat, he started running again for 1944.

But, in the campaign and later, something happened. He was partly to blame. He didn’t pay enough heed to the politicians. He disregarded them, snubbed them in some cases.

But he never stopped running. He ran clear around the world, to lift his star again high in national and international notice. Many Republicans didn’t like this, said he was playing too cozy with FDR. He began to try to cultivate the politicians, though never wholeheartedly it seemed, for he broke out, at odd moments, to insult them.

Can he come back? Wisconsin may tell.

[NormanStewart]

The Pittsburgh Press (March 16, 1944)

Result of election upset by ruling

Trenton, New Jersey (UP) –
The New Jersey Supreme Court ruled today that men and women in the Armed Forces whose names appear on a list certified by the state adjutant general as eligible to receive ballots are entitled to vote even though they are not registered.

The ruling was made in reversing a decision of the Middlesex Circuit Court which had rejected 241 ballots of servicemen in a recount of last May’s City Commission election at New Brunswick.

As a result of the rejection, Frederick P. Richardson, who received 4,384 votes, was elected to the Commission, despite the fact that 4,393 votes were cast for Thomas C. Radics, another candidate. By today’s Supreme Court action, Mr. Radics is the winner.

[NormanStewart]

Roosevelt ‘studies’ veto of soldier vote bill

Washington (UP) –
President Roosevelt delayed his decision on whether to sign or veto the compromise soldier vote bill today pending results of his canvass of state governors on effectiveness of its federal ballot provisions.

Acting shortly after the House completed action on the measure by approving it 273–111, Mr. Roosevelt wired the 48 state governors yesterday for their opinion as to whether their state laws would permit use of the federal ballots and, if not, whether steps would be taken to make their use possible.

Rep. Charles A. Halleck (R-IN), chairman of the Republican Congressional Elections Committee, said he believed the survey unnecessary because the positions of the states were already known.

Move assailed

He recalled a similar survey of gubernatorial opinion by Senator Harry F. Byrd (D-VA) and said it shows that governors were:

…willing and ready to provide soldiers with a full local absentee ballot, if the government provided transportation, thereby making the bobtail federal ballot unnecessary.

House Republican Leader Joseph W. Martin Jr. said he was unable to explain the motives behind the President’s move.

What bill provides

As finally approved by Congress, the bill provides that the government shall transport state ballots to the men and women of the Armed Forces, the Merchant Marine, the Society of Friends and the American Red Cross. The federal ballot can be use only if the soldier certifies that he had applied for a state ballot by Sept. 1 and had not received it by Oct. 1; and his state has certified that it will accept and count a federal ballot.

Servicemen stationed in the United States are barred from using the federal ballot.

The President telegraphed the governors “to enable me to form an opinion as to the effectiveness” of the bill. There answers will help him reach his decision on whether to sign or veto the bill**

Vote analyzed

On the basis of the House vote, a presidential veto could be overridden by the necessary two-thirds majority, but the Senate vote, if maintained, would not be enough to override.

The House roll call showed 175 Republicans, 97 Democrats and one Farmer-Laborer voting for the bill. opposed were 96 Democrats, 12 Republicans, two Progressives and one American-Laborer.

The Senate vote on the bill was 47–31.

[NormanStewart]

Editorial: The President takes a poll

Mr. Roosevelt’s telegram to the 48 governors, asking whether they think the soldier vote bill just passed by Congress will be implemented by the laws of their states, is a new wrinkle for a President pondering a veto. It seems to make common sense.

If most of the governors reply that their states probably will not act before the July 15 deadline to authorize use of the federal short ballot – in cases where state ballots are unavailable to soldiers and sailors overseas – then the President will have a strong case for a veto.

If on the contrary the replies are weighted on the side of state cooperation, he can safely sign the bill as preferable to the existing but very controversial statute of 1942, in which Congress sought to eliminate poll tax and registration requirements for men, in uniform and to make ballots available to them on request.

In any event, the President draws dramatic attention to the fact that the responsibility for facilitating or blocking the soldier’s right to vote now is back on the doorsteps of the state legislatures.