Battle of Peleliu (1944)

The Pittsburgh Press (September 21, 1944)

Worse than Tarawa and Saipan –
Marines storm Japs in Peleliu caves

Leathernecks charge ‘Gibraltar’ across jagged coral at high cost

AFHQ, Southwest Pacific (UP) –
Marines fighting across sheer, jagged coral, today assaulted a chain of superbly-constructed Jap cave fortresses on the ridges of western Peleliu under battle conditions even worse than those at Tarawa, Guadalcanal and Saipan, front dispatches reported.

Richard W. Johnston, United Press writer, who went in at the beach at Tarawa and scaled Mt. Tapochau on Saipan, reported from Palau: “Peleliu Ridge surpasses them both.”

He disclosed that the 1st and 7th Marines had suffered considerable casualties.

Caves connected

From connecting caves equipped with steel doors, Japs were reported pouring a crossfire of small arms, mortar and artillery at leathernecks inching their way over the sharp coral. The surface was so rough that men injured themselves merely by falling down.

Maj. Gen. Roy S. Geiger said the terrain was “the worst I ever saw.”

From the standpoint of territory captured, the Marines appeared near the end of the Peleliu campaign because they hold two-thirds of the island.

Blast Davao

Farther west, land-based Liberator bombers, intensifying the two-way drive on the Philippines, battered the port of Davao without opposition Monday.

Mr. Johnston said the caves on Peleliu were five levels deep, making the entire chain of coral cliffs into a gigantic bombproof shelter.

“This is the first Jap base in the Pacific which literally is comparable to Gibraltar,” he wrote.

Tokyo radio indicated that the Japs feared an American landing in the Philippines was imminent. More than 50 Liberators of the Far Eastern Air Force carried out the attack on Davao, showering 120 tons of bombs on airdromes, supply and personnel installations.

Clear Angaur Island

The heavy raid, first large-scale operation since carrier planes from Adm. William F. Halsey’s Third Fleet hit Mindanao nearly two weeks ago, came as soldiers and Marines were cleaning up enemy forces on Morotai, 250 miles south of the Philippines.

A Jap Dōmei News Agency broadcast said that about 80 carrier-based planes raided “the main island of Palau,” presumably Babelthuap, in daylight Tuesday (Tokyo Time). The dispatch also reported that U.S. planes raided Truk in the Central Carolines the same day.

The Army’s 81st (Wildcat) Infantry Division already crushed Jap opposition on Angaur Island in the Palau group, after killing 600 enemy troops.

Adm. Chester W. Nimitz announced that the Marines killed a total of 7,045 Japs, approximately three-fourths of Peleliu’s garrison, in less than one week of bitter fighting on the strategic island, 560 miles east of the Philippines.

Japs hemmed in

The remaining Japs, including picked troops. Were hemmed into an area 1,000 yards wide and 5,000 yards long, Blue Network correspondent William Ewing reported from the flagship off the Palaus.

Adm. Nimitz also disclosed that Marines from Peleliu had occupied a tiny unnamed island, 100 yards off Ngabad. The island, the fourth taken since the invasion of the Palaus last week, was apparently occupied without opposition.

On the right flank on Peleliu, along the eastern shore, enemy resistance practically ended, with only a few stragglers to be mopped up.

Headquarters revealed that the Army troops which overwhelmed the Japs on Angaur in four days were seeing combat for the first time.

Attack Talaud Islands

Gen. Douglas MacArthur’s stepped-up aerial offensive against the Philippines also brought new attacks on the Talaud Islands, nearly midway to Morotai, Celebes, Ceram and Amboina.

The raids, including the heavy strike on Davao, failed to bring a single Jap plane into the air, and only meager anti-aircraft fire.

Mitchell medium bombers and Lightning fighters joined in a heavy attack on Celebes Island airdromes, 200 miles south of Mindanao, for the 16th time in the last 17 days. Four enemy planes were destroyed on the ground.

In the ground operations on Morotai, a headquarters spokesman said U.S. troops have established a 12-mile perimeter on the island to protect construction work on the Pitu Airfield.

U.S. Navy Department (September 22, 1944)

CINCPAC Communiqué No. 128

On Peleliu Island, the enemy continued to resist bitterly from heavily fortified defense positions on Umurbrogol Mountain during September 21 (West Longitude Date). Troops of the 1st Marine Division were unable to make any appreciable progress along the western arm of the island. Five heavy caliber enemy guns were captured by our forces during the day. Our front line remains virtually unchanged except for slight northward progress along the west coast. On Angaur, the 81st Infantry Division continues to dig remnants of the enemy from caves in the northwestern section of the island. During the day a heavy cruiser shelled enemy defense installations on Koror Island, and scored several direct hits.

Corsairs of the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing bombed Rota in the Mari­anas on September 20. On the same day installations at Pagan were bombed by 7th Army Air Force Liberators. No anti-aircraft fire was encountered in either attack.

Seventh Army Air Force Liberators attacked Marcus Island on September 19 and again on September 20. Gun emplacements were bombed in the latter attack. Meager anti-aircraft fire was encountered. The runway and gun em­placements on Nauru Island were bombed on September 20 by 7th Army Air Force Mitchells. Anti-aircraft fire was moderate.

Jaluit Atoll in the Marshalls was attacked on September 20 by 7th Army Air Force Liberators.

The Pittsburgh Press (September 22, 1944)

Heavy fighting rages on Peleliu

Marines mop up Japs on coral ridges

Pearl Harbor, Hawaii –
U.S. Marines fought bloody hand-to-hand battles in mopping-up operations against stubborn Japs entrenched in the rough coral ridges on the west coast of Peleliu in the Palau Islands, 560 miles east of the Philippines, Adm. Chester W. Nimitz announced today.

At the same time, Gen. Douglas MacArthur announced that bombers and fighters of his Far Eastern Air Force carried out new attacks on the bases south of the Philippines, particularly concentrating on Celebes, 200 miles below Mindanao.

Remaining enemy defenses on Peleliu were described in front dispatches as the toughest since Tarawa, with the Japs fighting from pillboxes lodged in the coral ridges. But the Marines made several small gains northward yesterday along the western ridge and captured six more trench mortars and 31 machine guns. Ten additional aircraft were found destroyed on Peleliu Airfield, raising the total to 127.

A communiqué revised the count of enemy dead in the Palau campaign, reporting that 6,792 Japs had been killed on Peleliu and 850 on Angaur.

In the Southwest Pacific, more than 190 Liberators, Mitchells and Lightnings hammered Jap airdromes on the northeastern coast of Celebes with 155 tons of bombs Tuesday, while carrier aircraft again hit Halmahera, just south of American-occupied Morotai.

In the 17th raid in 18 days on Celebes, U.S. bombers and fighters, ground installations, destroyed or damaged three small vessels and two barges, and shot down a reconnaissance plane.

U.S. Navy Department (September 23, 1944)

CINCPAC Communiqué No. 129

Carrier‑based planes bombed Yap Island on September 21, finding new worthwhile targets, no airborne opposition and only moderate anti-aircraft fire.

Enemy forces on Peleliu Island were slowly but steadily being pushed toward the northern end of the island during September 22. Garekoru Village and a small, unnamed island along the east coast were occupied by U.S. Marines. Approximately three‑fourths of the island is now in our hands.

On the same day, seven barges were sighted in the narrow channel between Peleliu and Ngesebus Islands. One was sunk by our patrol vessels and the remainder dispersed. These were destroyed by bombing, strafing and ships’ gunfire after being beached on Peleliu. In the action, a small supply dump was also set afire.

At sundown on September 22, 7,020 enemy troops had been killed on Peleliu while 950 had been killed on Angaur.

Pagan and Anatahan in the Marianas were attacked by 7th Army Air Force Thunderbolts on September 21. On the same day, Corsairs of the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing strafed the phosphate plant and storage facilities on Rota Island.

Seventh Army Air Force Liberators attacked shipping in the harbor at Chichijima in the Bonins on September 21. One barge was sunk and near misses were scored on a freighter. Large explosions in the harbor area were caused. Meager anti-aircraft fire was encountered.

Seventh Army Air Force Liberators bombed Marcus Island on September 21 and gun positions and areas surrounding the airfield at Ponape were bombed on September 21 by 7th Army Air Force Mitchells.

On the same day, Jaluit Atoll was attacked by Corsairs of the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing.